Working with Direct-to-Field Mappings

Direct-to-field mappings map a Java attribute directly to a value database column. When the application writes a Java instance to the database, it stores the value of the attribute in a field of the table column. TopLink supports the following types:

java.lang: Boolean, Float, Integer, String, Double, Long, Short, Byte, Byte[ ], Character, Character[ ]; all of the primitives associated with these classes
java.math: BigInteger, BigDecimal
java.sql: Date, Time, Timestamp
java.util: Date, Calendar

While reading, direct-to-field mappings perform some simple one-data conversions, as described in Table 5-1. You must use other direct mappings for two-way or more complete conversions.

Table 5-1 Type Conversions Provided by Direct-to-Field Mappings

Java type	Database type
Integer, Float, Double, Byte, Short, BigDecimal, BigInteger, int, float, double, byte, short	NUMBER, NUMERIC, DECIMAL, FLOAT, DOUBLE, INT, SMALLINT, BIT, BOOLEAN
Boolean, boolean	BOOLEAN, BIT, SMALLINT, NUMBER, NUMERIC, DECIMAL, FLOAT, DOUBLE, INT
String	VARCHAR, CHAR, VARCHAR2, CLOB, TEXT, LONG, LONG VARCHAR, MEMO
nSting	NVARCHAR2 (applies to Oracle9)
nClob	NCLOB (applies to Oracle9)
Character, char	CHAR
nChararcter	NCHAR (applies to Oracle9)
byte[ ]	BLOB, LONG RAW, IMAGE, RAW, VARBINARY, BINARY, LONG VARBINARY
Time	TIME
sql.Date	DATE (only applies to DB2)
Timestamp, util.Date, Calendar	TIMESTAMP (only applies to DB2)
sql.Date, Time, Timestamp, util.Date, Calendar	DATE, DATETIME (applies to Oracle, Sybase, SQL Server)

Direct-to-field mappings also allow you to specify a null value. This may be required if primitive types are used in the object, and the database field allows null values.

Example 5-5 Direct-to-Field Mapping Example

Figure 5-10 illustrates a direct-to-field mapping between the Java attribute city and the relational database column CITY. Similarly, direct-to-field mappings could be defined from country to COUNTRY, id to ADDRESS_ID, established to EST_DATE, and province to PROVINCE.

Figure 5-10 Direct-to-Field Mapping

This figure shows a direct-to-field mapping between from a Java class to a relational database.