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Oracle® TimesTen In-Memory Database TTClasses Guide
Release 11.2.1

Part Number E13074-06
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3 Class Descriptions

This reference chapter contains descriptions of TTClasses external classes and their methods. It is divided into the following sections:

Note:

Most methods documented in this chapter also support a signature with a TTStatus& parameter at the end of the parameter list. This is for situations when you want to suppress exceptions for the method call and instead process the TTStatus object manually for errors. These signatures are not specifically documented, however, because this is not a typical mode of use. For additional information and an example, see the Usage section under "TTStatus".

Commonly used TTClasses

This section discusses the following classes:

TTGlobal

The TTGlobal class provides a logging facility within TTClasses.

Usage

The TTGlobal logging facility can be very useful for debugging problems inside a TTClasses program. Note, however, that the most verbose logging levels (TTLog::TTLOG_INFO and TTLog::TTLOG_DEBUG) can generate an extremely large amount of output. Use these logging levels during development or when trying to diagnose a bug instead of during production.

When logging from a multithreaded program, you may encounter a problem where log output from different program threads is intermingled when written to disk. To alleviate this problem, disable ostream buffering with the ios_base::unitbuf I/O stream manipulator, as in the following example, which sends TTClasses logging to the app_log.txt file at logging level TTLog::TTLOG_ERR.

ofstream log_file("app_log.txt");
log_file << std::ios_base::unitbuf; 
TTGlobal::setLogStream(log_file); 
TTGlobal::setLogLevel(TTLog::TTLOG_ERR);

See "Using TTClasses logging" for more information about using TTGlobal.

Public members

None.

Public methods

Method Description
disableLogging() Disables TTClasses logging.
setLogLevel() Specifies the verbosity level of TTClasses logging.
setLogStream() Specifies where TTClasses logging information should be sent.
sqlhenv() Returns the underlying ODBC environment object (type SQLHENV).

disableLogging()
static void disableLogging()

This method disables all TTClasses logging. Note that the following two statements are identical:

TTGlobal::disableLogging();  
TTGlobal::setLogLevel(TTLog::TTLOG_NIL);
setLogLevel()
static void setLogLevel(TTLog::TTLOG_LEVEL level)

This method specifies the verbosity level of TTClasses logging. Table 3-1 describes TTClasses logging levels. The levels are cumulative.

Table 3-1 TTClasses logging levels

Logging level Description

TTLog::TTLOG_NIL

No logging.

TTLog::TTLOG_FATAL_ERR

Logs fatal errors (serious misuse of TTClasses methods).

TTLog::TTLOG_ERR

Logs all errors, such as SQL_ERROR return codes.

TTLog::TTLOG_WARN

(Default) Also logs warnings and all calls to TTCmd::Prepare(), including the SQL string being prepared. Prints all database optimizer query plans.

TTLog::TTLOG_INFO

Also logs informational messages, such as calls to most methods on TTCmd and TTConnection objects, including the SQL string where appropriate.

TTLog::TTLOG_DEBUG

Also logs debugging information, such as all bound parameter values for each call to TTCmd::Execute().


To set the logging level to TTLog::TTLOG_ERR, for example, add the following line to your program:

TTGlobal::setLogLevel(TTLog::TTLOG_ERR);
setLogStream()
static void setLogStream(ostream& stream)

Specifies where TTClasses logging information should be sent. By default, if TTClasses logging is enabled, logging is to stderr. Using this method, an application can specify logging to a file (or any other ostream&), such as in the following example that sets logging to app_log.txt:

ofstream log_file("app_log.txt");
TTGlobal::setLogStream(log_file);
sqlhenv()
static SQLHENV sqlhenv()

Retrieves the underlying ODBC environment object.

TTStatus

The TTStatus class is used by other classes in the TTClasses library to catch error and warning exceptions. You can think of TTStatus as a value-added C++ wrapper around the SQLError ODBC function.

Usage

By default, TTStatus objects are thrown as exceptions whenever an error occurs. This allows C++ applications to use {try/catch} blocks to detect and recover from database errors.

Example 3-1 shows typical use of TTStatus.

Example 3-1 Exception handling

...
TTCmd    myCmd;

try {
  myCmd.ExecuteImmediate(&conn, "create table dummy (c1 int)");
}

catch (TTStatus st) {
  cerr << "Error creating table: " << st << endl;
  // Rollback, exit(), throw -- whatever is appropriate
}

Another supported (but not typical) mode of use for TTStatus is to selectively suppress exceptions and allow the application to manually check a TTStatus object for error conditions. You can use this mode for a particular method call by initializing a TTStatus object with the value TTStatus::DO_NOT_THROW, then passing that object as the last parameter of a method call. Most TTClasses methods documented in this chapter also support a signature with this TTStatus& parameter as the last parameter in the calling sequence.

Example 3-2 that follows shows this usage.

Example 3-2 Suppressing exceptions

...
TTCmd    myCmd;
TTStatus myStat(TTStatus::DO_NOT_THROW);
 
myCmd.ExecuteImmediate(&conn, "create table dummy (c1 int)", myStat);
if (myStat.rc == SQL_ERROR)
{
  // handle the error
}
...

Subclasses

TTStatus has the following subclasses:

TTError

TTError is a subclass of TTStatus and is used to encapsulate ODBC errors (return codes SQL_ERROR and SQL_INVALID_HANDLE).

TTWarning

TTWarning is a subclass of TTStatus and is used to encapsulate ODBC warnings (return code SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO).

ODBC warnings are usually not as serious as ODBC errors and should be handled with different logic. Simply logging ODBC warnings is usually appropriate, but ODBC errors should typically be handled programmatically.

Example 3-3 shows usage of the TTError and TTWarning subclasses.

Example 3-3 Exception handling, distinguishing between errors and warnings

This example shows the use of TTError and TTWarning. TTError objects are thrown for ODBC errors. TTWarning objects are thrown for ODBC warnings.

// catching TTError & TTWarning exceptions
try {
  // some TTClasses method calls
}
catch (TTWarning warn) {
  cerr << "Warning encountered: " << warn << endl;
}
catch (TTError err) {
  // handle the error; this could be a serious problem
}

Public members

Member Description
rc Return code from the failing ODBC call. Possible values for this field are SQL_SUCCESS, SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO, SQL_ERROR, SQL_NO_DATA_FOUND, and SQL_INVALID_HANDLE.
native_error TimesTen native error number (if any) for the failing ODBC call.
odbc_error ODBC error state for the failing ODBC call.
err_msg ASCII printable error message for the failing ODBC call.
TTSTATUS_ENUM Use the value TTStatus::DO_NOT_THROW to initialize a TTStatus object to suppress exceptions for a method call. See Example 3-2.

Public methods

Method Description
isConnectionInvalid() Indicates whether the database connection is invalid.
ostream() Prints errors to a stream.
resetErrors() Resets the TTStatus object or just the rc value, as specified.
throwError() Throws an error from the TTStatus object (not typical use).

isConnectionInvalid()
bool isConnectionInvalid() const

Returns TRUE if the database connection is invalid, or FALSE if it is valid. Specifically, "invalid" refers to situations when a TimesTen error 846 or 994 is encountered. See "Errors 0 - 999" in Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database Error Messages and SNMP Traps for information about those errors.

ostream()
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&, TTStatus& stat)

This method prints the error to a stream.

resetErrors()
void resetErrors(bool reset_all=false)

Use this method to reset a TTStatus object (relevant only when using method calls with TTStatus parameters). Use a value of TRUE to completely reset the TTStatus object, or FALSE (default) to reset only the rc value.

throwError()
void throwError()

Assuming exceptions are enabled (see "Usage"), this is an alternative, but not typical, way to throw an exception. In most cases the following two blocks of code are equivalent, but the former is more typical:

try {
  // ...
  if (/* something has gone wrong */)
    throw stat;
}
catch (TTStatus st) {
  cerr << "Caught exception: " << st << endl;
}

Or:

try {
  // ...
  if (/* something has gone wrong */)
    stat.throwError();
}
catch (TTStatus st) {
  cerr << "Caught exception: " << st << endl;
}

TTConnection

The TTConnection class encapsulates the concept of a connection to a database. You can think of TTConnection as a value-added C++ wrapper around the ODBC connection (HDBC) handle.

Usage

All applications that use TimesTen must create at least one TTConnection object.

Multithreaded applications that use TimesTen from multiple threads simultaneously must create multiple TTConnection objects. Use one of the following strategies:

  • Create one TTConnection object for each thread when the thread is created.

  • Create a pool of TTConnection objects when the application process starts. They are shared by the threads in the process. See "TTConnectionPool" for additional information about this option.

A TimesTen connection cannot be inherited from a parent process. If a process opens a database connection before creating a child process, the child cannot use the same connection. Any attempt by a child to use a database connection of a parent will likely cause application failure or a core dump.

Applications should not frequently make and then drop database connections, because connecting and disconnecting are both relatively expensive operations. In addition, short-lived connections eliminate the benefits of prepared statements. (See "Using TTCmd, TTConnection, and TTConnectionPool" for information about preparing statements.) Instead, establish database connections at the beginning of the application process and reuse them for the life of the process.

Note:

If you have reason to manipulate the underlying ODBC connection object directly, use the TTConnection::getHdbc() method.

Note that privilege to connect to a database must be granted to users through the CREATE SESSION privilege, either directly or through the PUBLIC role. See "Access control for connections".

Public members

Member Description
DRIVER_COMPLETION_ENUM This is to specify whether there will be a prompt for the database to connect to (also depending on whether a database is specified in the connect string).

Valid values are TTConnection::DRIVER_NOPROMPT, TTConnection::DRIVER_COMPLETE, TTConnection::DRIVER_PROMPT, and TTConnection::DRIVER_COMPLETE_REQUIRED. These correspond to the values SQL_DRIVER_NOPROMPT, SQL_DRIVER_COMPLETE, SQL_DRIVER_PROMPT, and SQL_DRIVER_COMPLETE_REQUIRED for the standard ODBC SQLDriverConnection function.


Public methods

Method Description
Commit() Commits a transaction to the database.
CompactDataStore() Compacts the database by calling the ttCompact or ttCompactTS TimesTen built-in procedure, as specified.
Connect() Opens a new database connection.
Disconnect() Closes a database connection.
DurableCommit() Performs a durable commit operation on the database.
getHdbc() Returns the ODBC connection handle (type HDBC) associated with this connection.
GetTTContext() Returns the connection context value.
isConnected() Returns TRUE if the object is connected to TimesTen.
Rollback() Rolls back changes made to the database through this connection since the last call to Commit() or Rollback().
SetAutocommitOff() Disables autocommit for the connection.
SetAutoCommitOn() Enables autocommit for the connection.
SetIsoReadCommitted() Sets the transaction isolation level of the connection to be TXN_READ_COMMITTED.
SetIsoSerializable() Sets the transaction isolation level of the connection to be TXN_SERIALIZABLE.
SetLockWait() Sets the lock timeout interval for the connection by calling the ttLockWait TimesTen built-in procedure.
SetPrefetchCloseOff() Turns off the TT_PREFETCH_CLOSE connection option.
SetPrefetchCloseOn() Turns on the TT_PREFETCH_CLOSE connection option. This is useful for optimizing SELECT query performance for client/server connections to TimesTen.
SetPrefetchCount() Allows a user application to tune the number of rows that the TimesTen ODBC driver SQLFetch call will prefetch for a SELECT statement.

Commit()
void Commit()

Commits a transaction to the database. All other operations performed on this connection since the last call to the Commit() or Rollback() method will be committed. A TTStatus object is thrown as an exception if an error occurs. Also see Rollback().

CompactDataStore()
void CompactDataStore(int blocks)

Compacts the database, as specified:

  • For a blocks value less than or equal to zero, it compacts the permanent and temporary data partitions in their entirety by calling the ttCompact TimesTen built-in procedure.

  • For a blocks value greater than zero, it compacts a portion of the database, according to the number of blocks specified, by calling the ttCompactTS built-in procedure.

Note:

This method is supported for backward compatibility. New applications should not call it.
Connect()
virtual void Connect(const char* connStr)
virtual void Connect(const char* connStr, const char* username, 
                     const char* password)
virtual void Connect(const char* connStr, DRIVER_COMPLETION_ENUM driverCompletion)

Opens a new database connection. The connection string specified in the connStr parameter is used to create the connection. Specify a user and password, either as part of the connect string or as separate parameters, or a DRIVER_COMPLETION_ENUM value (refer to "Public members"). Also see Disconnect().

Note that privilege to connect to a database must be granted to users through the CREATE SESSION privilege, either directly or through the PUBLIC role. See "Access control for connections".

Example 3-4 Using the Connect() method and checking for errors

A TTStatus object is thrown as an exception if an error occurs. Any exception warnings are usually informational and can often be safely ignored. The following logic is preferred for use of the Connect() method.

Note that TTWarning and TTError are subclasses of TTStatus.

TTConnection conn;
...

try {
  conn.Connect("DSN=mydsn", "myuser", "mypassword");
}
catch (TTWarning warn) {
  // warnings from Connect() are usually informational
  cerr << ''Warning while connecting to TimesTen: '' << warn << endl;
}
catch (TTError err) {
  // handle the error; this could be a serious problem
}
Disconnect()
void Disconnect()

Closes a database connection. A TTStatus object is thrown as an exception if an error occurs. Also see Connect().

DurableCommit()
void DurableCommit()

Performs a durable commit operation on the database. A durable commit operation flushes the in-memory transaction log buffer to disk. It calls the ttDurableCommit TimesTen built-in procedure.

See "ttDurableCommit" in Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database Reference.

getHdbc()
HDBC getHdbc()

Returns the ODBC connection handle associated with this connection.

GetTTContext()
void GetTTContext(char* output)

Returns the context value of the connection, a value that is unique for each database connection. The context of a connection can be used to correlate TimesTen connections with PIDs (process IDs) using the ttStatus TimesTen utility, for example.

The context value is returned through the output parameter, which requires an array of CHAR[17] or larger.

This method calls the ttContext TimesTen built-in procedure. See "ttContext" in Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database Reference.

isConnected()
bool isConnected()

Returns TRUE if the object is connected to TimesTen using the Connect() method or FALSE if not.

Rollback()
void Rollback()

Rolls back (cancels) a transaction. Any changes made to the database through this connection since the last call to Commit() or Rollback() will be undone. A TTStatus object is thrown as an exception if an error occurs. Also see Commit().

SetAutocommitOff()
void SetAutoCommitOff()

Disables autocommit for the connection. Also see SetAutoCommitOn().

This method is automatically called by TTConnection::Connect(), because TimesTen runs with optimal performance only with autocommit disabled.

Note that when autocommit is disabled, committing SELECT statements requires explicit calls to TTCmd::Close().

SetAutoCommitOn()
void SetAutoCommitOn()

Enables autocommit for the connection, which means that every SQL statement occurs in its own transaction. Also see SetAutocommitOff().

SetAutoCommitOn() is generally not advisable, because TimesTen runs much faster with autocommit disabled.

SetIsoReadCommitted()
void SetIsoReadCommitted()

Sets the transaction isolation level of the connection to be TXN_READ_COMMITTED. The Read Committed isolation level offers the best combination of single-transaction performance and good multiconnection concurrency. Also see SetIsoSerializable().

SetIsoSerializable()
void SetIsoSerializable()

Sets the transaction isolation level of the connection to be TXN_SERIALIZABLE. In general, Serializable isolation level offers fair individual transaction performance but extremely poor concurrency. Read Committed isolation level is preferable over Serializable isolation level in almost all situations. Also see SetIsoReadCommitted().

SetLockWait()
void SetLockWait(int secs)

Sets the lock timeout interval for the connection by calling the ttLockWait TimesTen built-in procedure with the secs parameter. In general, a two-second or three-second lock timeout is sufficient for most applications. The default lock timeout interval is 10 seconds.

See "ttLockWait" in Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database Reference.

SetPrefetchCloseOff()
void SetPrefetchCloseOff()

Turns off the TT_PREFETCH_CLOSE connection option. Also see SetPrefetchCloseOn().

SetPrefetchCloseOn()
void SetPrefetchCloseOn()

Turns on the TT_PREFETCH_CLOSE connection option, which is useful for optimizing SELECT query performance for client/server connections to TimesTen. Note that this method provides no benefit for an application using a direct connection to TimesTen. Also see SetPrefetchCloseOff().

See "Bulk fetch rows of TimesTen data" in Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database C Developer's Guide for more information about TT_PREFETCH_CLOSE.

SetPrefetchCount()
void SetPrefetchCount(int numrows)

Allows a user application to tune the number of rows that the TimesTen ODBC driver internally fetches at a time for a SELECT statement. The value of numrows must be between 1 and 128, inclusive.

Note:

This method is not equivalent to executing TTCmd::FetchNext() multiple times. Instead, proper use of this parameter reduces the amount of time for each call to TTCmd::FetchNext().

See "Bulk fetch rows of TimesTen data" in Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database C Developer's Guide for more information about TT_PREFETCH_COUNT.

TTConnectionPool

The TTConnectionPool class is used by multithreaded applications to manage a pool of connections.

In general, multithreaded applications can be written using one of two basic strategies:

  • If there is a relatively small number of threads and the threads are long-lived, each thread can be assigned to a different connection, which is used for the duration of the application. In this scenario, the TTConnectionPool class is not necessary.

  • If there is a large number of threads in the process, or if the threads are short-lived, a pool of idle connections can be established. These connections are used for the duration of the application. When a thread must perform a database transaction, it checks out an idle connection from the pool, performs its transaction, then returns the connection to the pool. This is the scenario that the TTConnectionPool class assists with.

    Note:

    For best overall performance, TimesTen recommends having one or two concurrent direct connections to the database for each CPU of the database server. For no reason should your number of concurrent direct connections (the size of your connection pool) be more than twice the number of CPUs on the database server. In client/server mode, however, TimesTen supports many more connections per CPU efficiently.

Usage

To use the TTConnectionPool class, an application creates a single instance of the class. It then creates several TTConnection objects, instances of either the TTConnection class or a user class that extends it, but does not call their Connect() methods directly. Instead, the application uses the TTConnectionPool::AddConnectionToPool() method to place connection objects into the pool, then calls TTConnectionPool::ConnectAll() to establish all the connections to TimesTen. In the background, ConnectAll() loops through all the TTConnection objects to call their Connect() methods.

Threads for TimesTen applications use the getConnection() and freeConnection() methods to get and return idle connections.

Important:

If you want to use TTConnectionPool and extend TTConnection, do not override the TTConnection::Connect() method that has driverCompletion in the calling sequence, because there is no corresponding TTConnectionPool::ConnectAll() method. Instead, override either of the following Connect() methods:
virtual void Connect(const char* connStr)
virtual void Connect(const char* connStr, const char* username, 
                     const char* password)

Then use the appropriate corresponding ConnectAll() method.

Note that privilege to connect to a database must be granted to users through the CREATE SESSION privilege, either directly or through the PUBLIC role. See "Access control for connections".

Public members

None.

Public methods

Method Description
AddConnectionToPool() Adds a TTConnection object (possibly an object of a class derived from TTConnection) to the connection pool.
ConnectAll() Connects all the TTConnection objects to TimesTen simultaneously.
DisconnectAll() Disconnects all connections in the connection pool from TimesTen.
freeConnection() Returns a connection to the pool for reassignment to another thread.
getConnection() Checks out an idle connection from the connection pool for a thread.
getStats() Queries the TTConnectionPool object for status information.

AddConnectionToPool()
int AddConnectionToPool(TTConnection* connP)

This method is used to add a TTConnection object (possibly an object of a class derived from TTConnection) to the connection pool. It returns -1 if there is an error. Also see freeConnection().

ConnectAll()
void ConnectAll(const char* connStr)
void ConnectAll(const char* connStr, const char* username, const char* password)

After TTConnection objects have been added to the connection pool by AddConnectionToPool(), the ConnectAll() method can be used to connect all of the TTConnection objects to TimesTen simultaneously. The connection string specified in the connStr parameter is used to create the connection. Specify a user and password, either as part of the connect string or as separate parameters. Also see DisconnectAll()

A TTStatus object is thrown as an exception if an error occurs.

Note that privilege to connect to a database must be granted to users through the CREATE SESSION privilege, either directly or through the PUBLIC role. See "Access control for connections".

DisconnectAll()
void DisconnectAll()

Disconnects all connections in the connection pool from TimesTen. Also see ConnectAll().

Applications must call DisconnectAll() before termination to avoid overhead associated with process failure analysis and recovery. A TTStatus object is thrown as an exception if an error occurs.

freeConnection()
void freeConnection(TTConnection* connP)

Returns a connection to the pool for reassignment to another thread. Applications should not free connections that are in the middle of a transaction. TTConnection::Commit() or Rollback() should be called immediately before freeConnection(). Also see AddConnectionToPool().

getConnection()
TTConnection* getConnection(int timeout_millis=0)

Checks out an idle connection from the connection pool for use by a thread. A pointer to an idle TTConnection object is returned. The thread should then perform a transaction, ending with either Commit() or Rollback(), and then should return the connection to the pool using the freeConnection() method.

If no idle connections are in the pool, the thread calling getConnection() will block until a connection is returned to the pool by a call to freeConnection(). An optional timeout, in milliseconds, can be provided. If this is provided, getConnection() waits for a free connection for no more than timeout_millis milliseconds. If no connection is available in that time then getConnection() returns NULL to the caller.

getStats()
void getStats(int* nGets, int* nFrees, int* nWaits, int* nTimeouts,
              int* maxInUse, int* nForcedCommits)

Queries the TTConnectionPool for status information. The following data are returned:

  • nGets: Number of calls to getConnection().

  • nFrees: Number of calls to freeConnection().

  • nWaits: Number of times a call to getConnection() had to wait before returning a connection.

  • nTimeouts: Number of calls to getConnection() that timed out.

  • maxInUse: High point for the most number of connections in use simultaneously.

  • nForcedCommits: Number of times that freeConnection() had to call Commit() on a connection before checking it into the pool. If this counter is nonzero, the user application is not calling TTConnection::Commit() or Rollback() before returning a connection to the pool.

TTCmd

A TTCmd object encapsulates a single SQL statement that will be used multiple times in an application program. You can think of TTCmd as a value-added C++ wrapper around the ODBC statement (HSTMT) handle.

TTCmd has three categories of public methods:

Important:

Several TTCmd methods return an error when you use an ODBC driver manager. See "Considerations when using an ODBC driver manager (Windows)" for information.

Usage

Each SQL statement executed multiple times in a program should have its own TTCmd object. Each of these TTCmd objects should be prepared once during program initialization, then executed with the Execute() method multiple times as the program runs.

Only database operations that are to be executed a small number of times should use the ExecuteImmediate() method. Note that ExecuteImmediate() is not compatible with any type of SELECT statement. All queries must use Prepare() plus Execute() instead. ExecuteImmediate() is also incompatible with INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statements that are subsequently polled using getRowcount() to see how many rows were inserted, updated or deleted. These limitations have been placed on ExecuteImmediate() to discourage its use except in a few particular situations (for example, for creating or dropping a table).

Note:

If you have reason to manipulate the underlying ODBC statement object directly, use the TTCmd::getHandle() method.

Note that TimesTen has features to control database access with object-level resolution for database objects such as tables, views, materialized views, sequences, and synonyms. See "Considering TimesTen features for access control".

Public members

Member Description
TTCMD_PARAM_INPUTOUTPUT_TYPE This is used to specify whether a parameter is IN, OUT, or IN OUT when registering the parameter. Supported values are PARAM_IN, PARAM_INOUT, and PARAM_OUT. See "Registering parameters".

Public methods for general use and non-batch operations

Method Description
Close() Closes the result set when the application has finished fetching rows.
Drop() Frees a prepared SQL statement and all resources associated with it.
Execute() Invokes a SQL statement that has been prepared for execution.
ExecuteImmediate() Invokes a SQL statement that has not been previously prepared.
FetchNext() Fetches rows from the result set, one at a time. It returns 0 when a row was successfully fetched or 1 when no more rows are available.
getColumn() Retrieves the value in the specified column of the current row of the result set.
getColumnLength() Returns the length of the specified column, in bytes.
getColumnNullable() Retrieves the value in the specified column of the current row of the result set and returns a boolean to indicate whether the value is NULL.
getHandle() Retrieves the underlying ODBC statement handle.
getMaxRows() Returns the current limit on the number of rows returned by a SELECT statement.
getNextColumn() Retrieves the value in the next column of the current row of the result set.
getNextColumnNullable() Retrieves the value in the next column of the current row of the result set and returns a boolean to indicate whether the value is NULL.
getParam() Each call gets the output value of a specified OUT or IN OUT parameter after executing a prepared SQL statement.
getQueryThreshold() Retrieves the query threshold value.
getRowCount() Returns the number of rows that were affected by the recently executed SQL operation.
isColumnNull() Indicates whether the value in the specified column of the current row is NULL.
Prepare() Associates a SQL statement with the TTCmd object.
printColumn() Prints the value in the specified column of the current row to an output stream.
registerParam() Registers a parameter for binding. This is required for OUT or IN OUT parameters.
RePrepare() Allows a statement to be re-prepared.
setMaxRows() Sets a limit on the number of rows returned by a SELECT statement.
setParam() Each call sets the value of a specified parameter before executing a prepared SQL statement.
setParamLength() Sets the length, in bytes, of the specified input parameter.
setParamNull() Sets the value of a parameter to NULL before executing a prepared SQL statement.
setQueryThreshold() Sets a threshold time limit for execution of each SQL statement. If it is exceeded, a warning is written to the support log and an SNMP trap is thrown.
setQueryTimeout() Sets a timeout value for SQL statements.

Close()
void Close()

If a SQL SELECT statement is executed using the Execute() method, a cursor is opened which may be used to fetch rows from the result set. When the application is finished fetching rows from the result set, it must be closed with the Close() method.

Failure to close the result set may result in locks being held on rows for too long, causing concurrency problems, memory leaks, and other errors.

A TTStatus object is thrown as an exception if an error occurs.

Drop()
void Drop()

If a prepared SQL statement will not be used in the future, the statement and resources associated with it can be freed by a call to the Drop() method. The TTCmd object may be reused for another statement if Prepare() is called again.

It is more efficient to use multiple TTCmd objects to execute multiple SQL statements. Use the Drop() method only if it is certain that a particular SQL statement will not be used again.

A TTStatus object is thrown as an exception if an error occurs.

Execute()
void Execute()

This method invokes a SQL statement that has been prepared for execution with the Prepare() method, after any necessary parameter values are defined using setParam() calls.

If the SQL statement is a SELECT statement, this method executes the query but does not return any rows from the result set. Use the FetchNext() method to fetch rows from the result set one at a time. Use the Close() method to close the result set when all appropriate rows have been fetched. For SQL statements other than SELECT, no cursor is opened, and a call to the Close() method is not necessary.

A TTStatus object is thrown as an exception if an error occurs.

Note that TimesTen has features to control database access with object-level resolution for database objects such as tables, views, materialized views, sequences, and synonyms. Access control privileges are checked both when SQL is prepared and when it is executed in the database, with most of the performance cost coming at prepare time. See "Considering TimesTen features for access control".

ExecuteImmediate()
int ExecuteImmediate(TTConnection* cP, const char* sqlp)

This method invokes a SQL statement that has not been previously prepared.

ExecuteImmediate() is a convenient alternative to using Prepare() and Execute() when a SQL statement is to be executed only a small number of times. Use ExecuteImmediate() for DDL statements such as CREATE TABLE and DROP TABLE, and infrequently used DML statements that do not return a result set (for example, DELETE FROM table_name).

ExecuteImmediate() is incompatible with SQL statements that return a result set. In addition, statements executed through ExecuteImmediate() cannot subsequently be queried by getRowCount() to get the number of rows affected by a DML operation. Because of this, ExecuteImmediate() calls getRowCount() automatically, and its value is the integer return value of this method.

A TTStatus object is thrown as an exception if an error occurs.

FetchNext()
int FetchNext()

After executing a prepared SQL SELECT statement using the Execute() method, use the FetchNext() method to fetch rows from the result set, one at a time.

After fetching a row of the result set, use the appropriate overloaded getColumn() method to fetch values from the current row.

If no more rows remain in the result set, FetchNext() returns 1. If a row is returned, FetchNext() returns 0.

After executing a SELECT statement using the Execute() method, the result set must be closed using the Close() method after all desired rows have been fetched. Note that after the Close() method is called, the FetchNext() method cannot be used to fetch additional rows from the result set.

A TTStatus object is thrown as an exception if an error occurs.

getColumn()
void getColumn (int cno, TYPE* valueP)
void getColumn (int cno, TYPE* valueP, int* byteLenP)

The getColumn() method, as well as the getColumnNullable() method, fetches the values for columns of the current row of the result set. Before getColumn() or getColumnNullable() can be called, the FetchNext() method must be called to fetch the next (or first) row from the result set of a SELECT statement. SQL statements are executed using the Execute() method.

Each getColumn() call retrieves the value associated with a particular column. Columns are referred to by ordinal number, with "1" indicating the first column specified in the SELECT statement. In all cases the first argument passed to the getColumn() method, cno, is the ordinal number of the column whose value is to be fetched. The second argument, valueP, is a pointer to a variable which is to receive the value of the specified column. The type of this argument varies depending on the type of the column being returned. For NCHAR, NVARCHAR, and binary types, as shown in the table, the method call also includes byteLenP, a pointer to an integer value for the number of bytes.

The TTClasses library does not support a large set of data type conversions. The appropriate version of getColumn() must be called for each output column in the prepared SQL. Calling the wrong version (attempting to fetch an integer column into a char* value, for example) may result in program failure.

Integer type methods include one of the following functions: SQLTINYINT, SQLSMALLINT, SQLINTEGER, or SQLBIGINT. They are appropriate only for columns with the scale parameter set to zero, such as NUMBER(p) or NUMBER(p,0). The functions have the following range of precision.

Function Precision Range
SQLTINYINT 0<=p<=2
SQLSMALLINT 0<=p<=4
SQLINTEGER 0<=p<=9
SQLBIGINT 0<=p<=18

To ensure that all values in the column will fit into the variable that the application uses to retrieve information from the database, you can use SQLBIGINT for all table columns of data type NUMBER(p), where 0 <= p <= 18. For example:

getColumn(int cno, SQLBIGINT* iP)

Table 3-2 shows the supported SQL data types and the appropriate versions of getColumn() and getColumnNullable() to use for each parameter type.

Table 3-2 getColumn() variants for supported data types

Data type getColumn() variants supported

TT_TINYINT

getColumn(cno, SQLTINYINT* iP)

TT_SMALLINT

getColumn(cno, SQLSMALLINT* iP)

TT_INTEGER

getColumn(cno, SQLINTEGER* iP)

TT_BIGINT

getColumn(cno, SQLBIGINT* iP)

BINARY_FLOAT

getColumn(cno, float* fP)

BINARY_DOUBLE

getColumn(cno, double* dP)

NUMBER

TT_DECIMAL

getColumn(cno, char** cPP)
getColumn(cno, char* cP)
getColumn(cno, SQLTINYINT* iP)
getColumn(cno, SQLSMALLINT* iP)
getColumn(cno, SQLINTEGER* iP)
getColumn(cno, SQLBIGINT* iP)

Note: The char* version allows TTClasses to pass in an array of preallocated storage, and TTClasses will copy the char output fetched from the database into this array. The integer type methods are appropriate only for columns declared with the scale parameter set to zero.

TT_CHAR

CHAR

TT_VARCHAR

VARCHAR2

getColumn(cno, char** cPP)
getColumn(cno, char* cP)

Note: The char* version allows preallocation of storage for passing in arrays.

TT_NCHAR

NCHAR

TT_NVARCHAR

NVARCHAR2

getColumn(cno, SQLWCHAR** wcPP)
getColumn(cno, SQLWCHAR** wcPP, byteLenP)

Note: Optionally include the byteLenP parameter for the number of bytes returned.

BINARY

VARBINARY

getColumn(cno, void** binPP, byteLenP)
getColumn(cno, void* binP, byteLenP)

Note: The void* version allows TTClasses to pass in an array of preallocated storage, and TTClasses will copy the output fetched from the database into this array.

DATE

TT_TIMESTAMP

TIMESTAMP

getColumn(cno, TIMESTAMP_STRUCT* tsP)

TT_DATE

getColumn(cno, DATE_STRUCT* dP)

TT_TIME

getColumn(cno, TIME_STRUCT* tP)

Other SQL data types are not supported in this release of the TTClasses library.

getColumnLength()
int getColumnLength(int cno)

Returns the length, in bytes, of the value in column number cno of the current row, not counting the NULL terminator. Or it returns SQL_NULL_DATA if the value is NULL. (For those familiar with ODBC, this is the value stored by ODBC in the last parameter, pcbValue, from SQLBindCol after a call to SQLFetch.) When there is a non-null value, the length returned is between 0 and the column precision, inclusive. See getColumnPrecision().

For example, assume a VARCHAR2(25) column. If the value is null, the length returned is -1. If the value is 'abcde', the length returned is 5.

This method is generally useful only when accessing columns of type CHAR, VARCHAR2, NCHAR, NVARCHAR2, BINARY, and VARBINARY.

getColumnNullable()
bool getColumnNullable(int cno, TYPE* valueP)
bool getColumnNullable(int cno, TYPE* valueP, int* byteLenP)

The getColumnNullable() method is similar to the getColumn() method and supports the same data types and signatures as documented in Table 3-2 above. However, in addition to the behavior of getColumn(), the getColumnNullable() method also returns a boolean indicating whether the value is the SQL NULL pseudo-value. If the value is NULL, the second parameter is set to a distinctive value (for example, -9999) and the return value from the method is TRUE. If the value is not NULL, it is returned through the variable pointed to by the second parameter and the getColumnNullable() method returns FALSE.

getHandle()
SQLHSTMT getHandle()

If you must manipulate the underlying ODBC statement object, use this method to retrieve the statement handle.

getMaxRows()
int getMaxRows()

This method returns the current limit of the number of rows returned by a SELECT statement from this TTCmd object. A return value of 0 means all rows are returned. Also see setMaxRows().

getNextColumn()
void getNextColumn(TYPE* valueP)
void getNextColumn(TYPE* valueP, int* byteLenP)

The getNextColumn() method, as well as the getNextColumnNullable() method, fetches the value of the next column of the current row of the result set. Before getNextColumn() or getNextColumnNullable() can be called, the FetchNext() method must be called to fetch the next (or first) row from the result set of a SELECT statement. When you use getNextColumn(), the columns are fetched in order. You cannot change the fetch order.

See Table 3-2 for the supported SQL data types and the appropriate method version to use for each data type. This information can be used for getNextColumn(), except there is no column number parameter for getNextColumn().

getNextColumnNullable()
bool getNextColumnNullable(TYPE* valueP)
bool getNextColumnNullable(TYPE* valueP, int* byteLenP)

The getNextColumnNullable() method is similar to the getNextColumn() method. However, in addition to the behavior of getNextColumn(), the getNextColumnNullable() method returns a boolean indicating whether the value is the SQL NULL pseudo-value. If the value is NULL, the second parameter is set to a distinctive value (for example, -9999) and the return value from the method is TRUE. If the value is not NULL, it is returned through the variable pointed to by the second parameter, and the method returns FALSE. When you use getNextColumnNullable(), the columns are fetched in order. You cannot change the fetch order.

See Table 3-2 for the supported SQL data types and the appropriate method versions to use for each data type. This information can be used for getNextColumnNullable(), except there is no column number parameter for getNextColumnNullable().

getParam()
bool getParam(int pno, TYPE* valueP)
bool getParam(int pno, TYPE* valueP, int* byteLenP)

Each getParam() version is used to retrieve the value of an OUT or IN OUT parameter, specified by parameter number, after executing a prepared SQL statement. SQL statements are prepared before use with the Prepare() method and are executed with the Execute() method. The getParam() method is used to provide a variable of appropriate data type for the value for each output parameter after executing the statement.

The first argument passed to getParam() is the position of the parameter for the output value. The first parameter in a SQL statement is parameter 1. The second argument passed to getParam() is a variable for the output value. Overloaded versions of getParam() take different data types for the second argument.

The getParam() method supports the same data types documented for getColumn() in Table 3-2. For NCHAR, NVARCHAR, and binary types, as shown in that table, the method call includes byteLenP, a pointer to an integer value for the number of bytes.

The getParam() return is a boolean that is TRUE if the parameter value is NULL or FALSE otherwise.

The TTClasses library does not support a large set of data type conversions. The appropriate overloaded version of getParam() must be called for each output parameter in the prepared SQL. Calling the wrong version (attempting to use an integer parameter for a char* value, for example) may result in program failure.

See "Binding OUT or IN OUT parameters" for examples using getParam().

For REF CURSORs, the following signature is supported to use a TTCmd object as a statement handle for the REF CURSOR (data type SQL_REFCURSOR). See "Working with REF CURSORs" for information and an example.

bool getParam(int pno, TTCmd** rcCmd)
getQueryThreshold()
int getQueryThreshold()

Returns the query threshold value, as described for setQueryThreshold().

If no value has been set with setQueryThreshold(), this method returns the value of the ODBC connection option TT_QUERY_THRESHOLD (if set) or of the TimesTen general connection attribute QueryThreshold.

getRowCount()
int getRowCount()

This method can be called immediately after Execute() to return the number of rows that were affected by the executed SQL operation. For example, after execution of a DELETE statement that deletes 10 rows, getRowCount() returns 10.

isColumnNull()
bool isColumnNull(int cno)

This method provides another way to determine whether the value in column number cno of the current row is NULL, returning TRUE if so or FALSE otherwise.

Also see information about the getColumnNullable() method.

Prepare()
void Prepare(TTConnection* cP, const char* sqlp)

This method associates a SQL statement with the TTCmd object. It takes two parameters:

  • A pointer to a TTConnection object, which should be connected to the database by a call to TTConnection::Connect().

  • A const char* parameter for the SQL statement being prepared.

Note that TimesTen has features to control database access with object-level resolution for database objects such as tables, views, materialized views, sequences, and synonyms. Access control privileges are checked both when SQL is prepared and when it is executed in the database, with most of the performance cost coming at prepare time. See "Considering TimesTen features for access control".

Also see RePrepare().

Note:

To avoid unwanted round trips between client and server when in client/server mode, the Prepare() method performs what is referred to as a "deferred prepare", where the request is not sent to the server until required. See "TimesTen deferred prepare" in Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database C Developer's Guide for more information.
printColumn()
void printColumn(int cno, STDOSTREAM& os, const char*  nullString) const

This method prints the value in column number cno of the current row to the output stream os. Use this method for debugging or for demo programs. Use nullString to specify what should be printed if the column value is NULL (for example, "NULL" or "?").

registerParam()
void registerParam(int pno, TTCMD_PARAM_INPUTOUTPUT_TYPE inputOutputType,
                   int sqltype)
void registerParam(int pno, TTCMD_PARAM_INPUTOUTPUT_TYPE inputOutputType, 
                   int sqltype, int precision)
void registerParam(int pno, TTCMD_PARAM_INPUTOUTPUT_TYPE inputOutputType, 
                   int sqltype, int precision, int scale)

Use this method to register a parameter for binding. This is required for OUT and IN OUT parameters and can also be used as appropriate to specify SQL type, precision (maximum number of digits that are used by the data type, where applicable), and scale (maximum number of digits to the right of the decimal point, where applicable). See "Registering parameters".

RePrepare()
void RePrepare(TTConnection* cP)

This method allows a statement to be re-prepared. It is useful only when a statement handle in a prepared statement has been invalidated. Also see Prepare().

setMaxRows()
void setMaxRows(const int nMaxRows)

This method sets a limit on the number of rows returned by a SELECT statement. If the number of rows in the result set exceeds the set limit, the TTCmd::FetchNext() method will return 1 if it fetches beyond the maximum number of rows. Also see getMaxRows().

The default is to return all rows. To reset a limit to again return all rows, call setMaxRows() with nMaxRows set to 0. The limit is only meaningful for SELECT statements.

setParam()
void setParam(int pno, TYPE value)
void setParam(int pno, TYPE* valueP)
void setParam(int pno, TYPE* valueP, int byteLen)

All overloaded setParam() versions are described in this section.

Each setParam() version is used to set the value of a parameter, specified by parameter number, before executing a prepared SQL statement. SQL statements are prepared before use with the Prepare() method and are executed with the Execute() method. If the SQL statement contains any parameter markers (the "?" character used where a literal constant would be legal), values must be assigned to these parameters before the SQL statement can be executed. The setParam() method is used to define a value for each parameter before executing the statement. See "Dynamic parameters" in Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database SQL Reference.

The first argument passed to setParam() is the position of the parameter to be set. The first parameter in a SQL statement is parameter 1. The second argument passed to setParam() is the value of the parameter. Overloaded versions of setParam() take different data types for the second argument.

The TTClasses library does not support a large set of data type conversions. The appropriate overloaded version of setParam() must be called for each parameter in the prepared SQL. Calling the wrong version (attempting to set an integer parameter to a char* value, for example) may result in program failure.

Values passed to setParam() are copied into internal buffers maintained by the TTCmd object. These buffers are statically allocated and bound by the Prepare() method. The parameter value is the value passed into setParam() at the time of the setParam() call, not the value at the time of a subsequent Execute() method call.

Table 3-3 shows the supported SQL data types and the appropriate versions of setParam() to use for each type. Note that SQL data types not mentioned are not supported in this version of TTClasses. For NCHAR, NVARCHAR, and binary types, as shown in the table, the method call includes byteLen, an integer value for the number of bytes.

See "Binding IN parameters" and "Binding OUT or IN OUT parameters" for examples using setParam().

Notes:

Table 3-3 setParam() variants for supported data types

Data type setParam() variants supported

TT_TINYINT

setParam(pno, SQLTINYINT value)

TT_SMALLINT

setParam(pno, SQLSMALLINT value)

TT_INTEGER

setParam(pno, SQLINTEGER value)

TT_BIGINT

setParam(pno, SQLBIGINT value)

BINARY_FLOAT

REAL

setParam(pno, float value)

BINARY_DOUBLE

DOUBLE

setParam(pno, double value)

NUMBER

TT_DECIMAL

setParam(pno, char* valueP)
setParam(pno, const char* valueP)
setParam(pno, SQLCHAR* valueP)
setParam(pno, SQLTINYINT value)
setParam(pno, SQLSMALLINT value)
setParam(pno, SQLINTEGER value)
setParam(pno, SQLBIGINT value)

Note: The integer versions are appropriate only for columns declared with the scale parameter set to zero, such as NUMBER(8) or NUMBER(8,0).

TT_CHAR

CHAR

TT_VARCHAR

VARCHAR2

setParam(pno, char* valueP)
setParam(pno, const char* valueP)
setParam(pno, SQLCHAR* valueP)

TT_NCHAR

NCHAR

TT_NVARCHAR

NVARCHAR2

setParam(pno, SQLWCHAR* valueP, byteLen)

BINARY

VARBINARY

setParam(pno, const void* valueP, byteLen)

DATE

TT_TIMESTAMP

TIMESTAMP

setParam(pno, TIMESTAMP_STRUCT* valueP)

TT_DATE

setParam(pno, DATE_STRUCT* valueP)

TT_TIME

setParam(pno, TIME_STRUCT* valueP)

setParamLength()

(Version for non-batch operations.)

void setParamLength(int pno, int byteLen)

Sets the length, in bytes, of the bound value for an input parameter specified by parameter number, before execution of the prepared statement.

Note:

There is also a batch version of this method. See "setParamLength()".
setParamNull()

(Version for non-batch operations.)

void setParamNull(int pno)

Sets a value of SQL NULL for a bound input parameter specified by parameter number.

Note:

There is also a batch version of this method. See "setParamNull()".
setQueryThreshold()
void setQueryThreshold(const int nSecs)

Use this method to specify a threshold time limit, in seconds, for SQL statements (not just queries). If the execution time of a statement exceeds the threshold, a warning is written to the support log and an SNMP trap is thrown. Execution continues and is not affected by the threshold. Also see getQueryThreshold().

The setQueryThreshold() method has the same effect as using SQLSetStmtOption to set TT_QUERY_THRESHOLD or setting the TimesTen general connection attribute QueryThreshold.

See "Setting a timeout or threshold for executing SQL statements".

setQueryTimeout()
void setQueryTimeout(const int nSecs)

Use this method to specify how long, in seconds, any SQL statement (not just a query) will execute before timing out. By default there is no timeout.

This has the same effect as using SQLSetStmtOption to set SQL_QUERY_TIMEOUT or setting the TimesTen general connection attribute SqlQueryTimeout.

See "Setting a timeout or threshold for executing SQL statements".

Public methods for obtaining TTCmd object properties

There are several useful methods for asking questions about properties of the bound input parameters and output columns of a prepared TTCmd object. These methods generally provide meaningful results only when a statement has previously been prepared.

Method Description
getColumnName() Returns the name of the specified column.
getColumnNullability() Indicates whether data in the specified column can have the value NULL.
getColumnPrecision() Returns the precision of the specified column.
getColumnScale() Returns the scale of the specified column.
getColumnType() Returns the ODBC data type of the specified column.
getNColumns() Returns the number of output columns.
getNParameters() Returns the number of input parameters.
getParamNullability() Indicates whether the value of the specified parameter can be NULL.
getParamPrecision() Returns the precision of the specified parameter in a prepared statement.
getParamScale() Returns the scale of the specified parameter in a prepared statement.
getParamType() Returns the ODBC data type of the specified parameter.
isBeingExecuted Indicates whether the statement represented by the TTCmd object is being executed.

getColumnName()
const char* getColumnName(int cno)

Returns the name of column number cno.

getColumnNullability()
int getColumnNullability(int cno)

Indicates whether column number cno can NULL data. It returns SQL_NO_NULLS, SQL_NULLABLE, or SQLNULLABLE_UNKNOWN.

getColumnPrecision()
int getColumnPrecision(int cno)

Returns the precision of data in column number cno, referring to the size of the column in the database. For example, for a VARCHAR2(25) column, the precision returned would be 25.

This value is generally interesting only when generating output from table columns of type CHAR, VARCHAR2, NCHAR, NVARCHAR2, BINARY, and VARBINARY.

getColumnScale()
int getColumnScale(int cno)

Returns the scale of data in column number cno, referring to the maximum number of digits to the right of the decimal point.

getColumnType()
int getColumnType(int cno)

Returns the data type of column number cno. The value returned is the ODBC type of the parameter (for example, SQL_INTEGER, SQL_REAL, SQL_BINARY, SQL_CHAR) as found in sql.h. Additional TimesTen types (SQL_WCHAR, SQL_WVARCHAR) can be found in the TimesTen header file timesten.h.

getNColumns()
int getNColumns()

Returns the number of output columns.

getNParameters()
int getNParameters()

Returns the number of input parameters for the SQL statement.

getParamNullability()
int getParamNullability(int pno)

Indicates whether parameter number pno can have the value NULL. It returns SQL_NO_NULLS, SQL_NULLABLE, or SQLNULLABLE_UNKNOWN.

Note:

In earlier releases this method returned bool instead of int.
getParamPrecision()
int getParamPrecision(int pno)

Returns the precision of parameter number pno, referring to the maximum number of digits that are used by the data type. Also see information for getColumnPrecision().

getParamScale()
int getParamScale(int pno)

Returns the scale of parameter number pno, referring to the maximum number of digits to the right of the decimal point.

getParamType()
int getParamType(int pno)

Returns the data type of parameter number pno. The value returned is the ODBC type (for example, SQL_INTEGER, SQL_REAL, SQL_BINARY, SQL_CHAR) as found in sql.h. Additional TimesTen types (SQL_WCHAR, SQL_WVARCHAR) can be found in the TimesTen header file timesten.h.

isBeingExecuted
bool isBeingExecuted()

Indicates whether the statement represented by the TTCmd object is being executed.

Note:

This method was formerly named queryBeingExecuted(). That name is still supported for backward compatibility.

Public methods for batch operations

TimesTen supports the ODBC function SQLBindParams for batch insert, update and delete operations. TTClasses provides an interface to the ODBC function SQLBindParams.

Performing batch operations with TTClasses is similar to performing non-batch operations. SQL statements are first compiled using PrepareBatch(). Then each parameter in that statement is bound to an array of values using BindParameter(). Finally, the statement is executed using ExecuteBatch().

See the TTClasses bulktest sample program in the TimesTen Quick Start for an example of using a batch operation. Refer to "About the TimesTen TTClasses demos".

This section describes the TTCmd methods that expose the batch INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE functionality to TTClasses users.

Method Description
batchSize() Returns the number of statements in the batch.
BindParameter() Binds an array of values for one parameter of a statement prepared using PrepareBatch().
ExecuteBatch() Invokes a SQL statement that has been prepared for execution by PrepareBatch(). It returns the number of rows in the batch that were updated.
PrepareBatch() Prepares batch INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements.
setParamLength() Sets the length, in bytes, of the value of the specified bound parameter before execution of the prepared statement.
setParamNull() Sets the specified bound parameter to NULL before execution of the prepared statement.

batchSize()
u_short batchSize()

Returns the number of statements in the batch.

BindParameter()
void BindParameter(int pno, unsigned short batSz, TYPE* valueP)
void BindParameter(int pno, unsigned short batSz, TYPE* valueP, size_t maxByteLen)
void BindParameter(int pno, unsigned short batSz, TYPE* valueP, 
                   SQLLEN* userByteLenP, size_t maxByteLen)

The overloaded BindParameter() method is used to bind an array of values for a specified parameter in a SQL statement compiled using PrepareBatch(). This is to iterate through a batch of repeated executions of the statement with different values. The pno parameter indicates the position in the statement of the parameter to be bound, starting from the left, where the first parameter is 1, the next is 2, and so on.

The batSz (batch size) value of this call must match the batSz value specified in PrepareBatch(), and the bound arrays should contain at least the batSz number of values. You must determine the correct data type for each parameter. Note that if an inappropriate type is specified, a runtime error will be written to the TTClasses global logging facility at the TTLog::TTLOG_ERR logging level.

Table 3-4 below shows the supported SQL data types and the appropriate versions of BindParameter() to use for each parameter type.

Before each invocation of ExecuteBatch(), the application should fill the arrays with valid parameter values. Note that you can use the setParamNull() method to set null values, as described in "setParamNull()".

For the SQL types TT_CHAR, CHAR, TT_VARCHAR, and VARCHAR2, an additional maximum length parameter is required in the BindParameter() call:

  • maxByteLen of type size_t is for the maximum length, in bytes, of any value for this parameter position.

For the SQL types TT_NCHAR, NCHAR, TT_NVARCHAR, NVARCHAR2, BINARY, and VARBINARY, two additional parameters are required in the BindParameter() call, an array of parameter lengths and a maximum length:

  • userByteLenP is an array of SQLLEN parameter lengths, in bytes, to specify the length of each value in the batch for this parameter position in the SQL statement. This array must be at least batSz in length and filled with valid length values before ExecuteBatch() is called. (You can store SQL_NULL_DATA in the array of parameter lengths for a null value, which is equivalent to using the setParamNull() batch method.)

  • maxByteLen is as described above. This indicates the maximum length value that can be specified in any element of the userByteLenP array.

For data types where userByteLenP is not available (or as an alternative where it is available), you can optionally use the setParamLength() batch method to set data lengths, as described in "setParamLength()", and use the setParamNull() batch method to set null values, as described in "setParamNull()".

See Example 3-5 in "ExecuteBatch()" below for examples of BindParameter() use.

Table 3-4 BindParameter() variants for supported data types

SQL data type BindParameter() variants supported

TT_TINYINT

BindParameter(pno, batSz, SQLTINYINT* user_tiP)

TT_SMALLINT

BindParameter(pno, batSz, SQLSMALLINT* user_siP)

TT_INTEGER

BindParameter(pno, batSz, SQLINTEGER* user_iP)

TT_BIGINT

BindParameter(pno, batSz, SQLBIGINT* user_biP)

BINARY_FLOAT

BindParameter(pno, batSz, float* user_fP)

BINARY_DOUBLE

BindParameter(pno, batSz, double* user_dP)

NUMBER

TT_DECIMAL

BindParameter(pno, batSz, char** user_cPP, maxByteLen)

TT_CHAR

CHAR

TT_VARCHAR

VARCHAR2

BindParameter(pno, batSz, char** user_cPP, maxByteLen)

TT_NCHAR

NCHAR

TT_NVARCHAR

NVARCHAR2

BindParameter(pno, batSz, SQLWCHAR** user_wcPP, userByteLenP,
              maxByteLen)

BINARY

VARBINARY

BindParameter(pno, batSz, const void** user_binPP, userByteLenP,
              maxByteLen)

DATE

TT_TIMESTAMP

TIMESTAMP

BindParameter(pno, batSz, TIMESTAMP_STRUCT* user_tssP)

TT_DATE

BindParameter(pno, batSz, DATE_STRUCT* user_dsP)

TT_TIME

BindParameter(pno, batSz, TIME_STRUCT* user_tsP)

ExecuteBatch()
int ExecuteBatch(unsigned short numRows)

After preparing a SQL statement with PrepareBatch() and calling BindParameter() for each parameter in the SQL statement, use ExecuteBatch() to execute the statement numRows times. The value of numRows must be no more than the batSz (batch size) value specified in the PrepareBatch() and BindParameter() calls, and can be less than batSz as required by application logic.

This method returns the number of rows that were updated, with possible values in the range 0 to batSz, inclusive. (For those familiar with ODBC, this is the third parameter, *pirow, of an ODBC SQLParamOptions call. Refer to ODBC API reference documentation for information about SQLParamOptions.)

Before calling ExecuteBatch(), the application should fill the arrays of parameters to be bound by BindParameter() with valid values.

A TTStatus object is thrown as an exception if an error occurs (often due to violation of a uniqueness constraint). In this event, the return value is not valid and the batch is incomplete and should generally be rolled back.

Example 3-5 shows how to use the ExecuteBatch() method. The bulktest Quick Start demo also shows usage of this method. (See "About the TimesTen TTClasses demos".)

Example 3-5 Using the ExecuteBatch() method

First, create a table with two columns:

CREATE TABLE batch_table (a TT_INTEGER, b VARCHAR2(100));

Here is the sample code. Populate the rows of the table in batches of 50:

#define BATCH_SIZE 50
#define VARCHAR_SIZE 100
 
int int_array[BATCH_SIZE];
char char_array[BATCH_SIZE][VARCHAR_SIZE];
 
// Prepare the statement
 
TTCmd insert;
TTConnection connection;
 
// (assume a connection has been established)
 
try {
 
  insert.PrepareBatch (&connection,
                       (const char*)"insert into batch_table values (?,?)",
                       BATCH_SIZE);
 
  // Commit the prepared statement
  connection.Commit();
 
  // Bind the arrays of parameters
  insert.BindParameter(1, BATCH_SIZE, int_array);
  insert.BindParameter(2, BATCH_SIZE, (char **)char_array, VARCHAR_SIZE);
 
  // Execute 5 batches, inserting 5 * BATCH_SIZE rows into
  // the database
  for (int iter = 0; iter < 5; iter++)
  {
    // Populate the value arrays with values.
    // (A better way of putting meaningful data into
    // the database is to read values from a file,
    // rather than generating them arbitrarily.)
 
    for (int i = 0; i < BATCH_SIZE; i++)
    {
      int_array[i] = i * iter + i;
      sprintf(char_array[i], "varchar value # %d", i*iter+ i);
    }
 
    // Execute the batch insert statement,
    // which inserts the entire contents of the
    // integer and char arrays in one operation.
    int num_ins = insert.ExecuteBatch(BATCH_SIZE);
 
    cerr << "Inserted " << num_ins << " rows." << endl;
 
    connection.Commit();
 
  } // for iter
 
} catch (TTError er1) {
  cerr << er1 << endl;
}

The number of rows updated (num_ins in the example) can be less than BATCH_SIZE if, for example, there is a violation of a uniqueness constraint on a column. You can use code similar to that in Example 3-6 to check for this situation and roll back the transaction as necessary.

Note that TimesTen has features to control database access with object-level resolution for database objects such as tables, views, materialized views, sequences, and synonyms. Access control privileges are checked both when SQL is prepared and when it is executed in the database, with most of the performance cost coming at prepare time. See "Considering TimesTen features for access control".

Example 3-6 Using ExecuteBatch() and checking against BATCH_SIZE

for (int iter = 0; iter < 5; iter++)
{

  // Populate the value arrays with values.
  // (A better way of putting meaningful data into
  // the database is to read values from a file,
  // rather than generating them arbitrarily.)

  for (int i = 0; i < BATCH_SIZE; i++)
  {
    int_array[i] = i * iter + i;
    sprintf(char_array[i], "varchar value # %d", i*iter+i);
  }

  // now we execute the batch insert statement,
  // which does the work of inserting the entire
  // contents of the integer and char arrays in
  // one operation

  int num_ins = insert.ExecuteBatch(BATCH_SIZE);

  cerr << "Inserted " << num_ins << " rows (expected "
       << BATCH_SIZE << " rows)." << endl;

  if (num_ins == BATCH_SIZE) {
    cerr << "Committing batch" << endl;
    connection.Commit();
  }
  else {
    cerr << "Some rows were not inserted as expected, rolling back "
         << "transaction." << endl;
    connection.Rollback();
    break; // jump out of batch insert loop
  }

} // for iter
PrepareBatch()
void PrepareBatch(TTConnection* cP, const char* sqlp, unsigned short batSz)

PrepareBatch() is comparable to the Prepare() method but for batch INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statements. The cP and sqlp parameters are used as for Prepare(). See "Prepare()".

The batSz (batch size) parameter specifies the maximum number of insert, update, or delete operations that will be performed using subsequent calls to ExecuteBatch().

A TTStatus object is thrown as an exception if an error occurs.

Note that TimesTen has features to control database access with object-level resolution for database objects such as tables, views, materialized views, sequences, and synonyms. Access control privileges are checked both when SQL is prepared and when it is executed in the database, with most of the performance cost coming at prepare time. See "Considering TimesTen features for access control".

Note:

To avoid unwanted round trips between client and server when in client/server mode, the PrepareBatch() method performs what is referred to as a "deferred prepare", where the request is not sent to the server until required. See "TimesTen deferred prepare" in Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database C Developer's Guide for more information.
setParamLength()

(Version for batch operations.)

void setParamLength(int pno, unsigned short rowno, int byteLen)

This method sets the length of a bound parameter value before a call to ExecuteBatch(). The pno argument specifies the parameter number in the SQL statement (where the first parameter is number 1). The rowno argument specifies the row number in the array of parameters being bound (where the first row is row number 1). The byteLen parameter specifies the desired length, in bytes, not counting the NULL terminator. Alternatively, byteLen can be set to SQL_NTS for a null-terminated string. (It can also be set to SQL_NULL_DATA, which is equivalent to using the setParamNull() batch method, described next.)

Notes:

  • For binary and NCHAR types, as shown in Table 3-4, it is more typical to use the BindParameter() userByteLenP array to set parameter lengths. Be aware that row numbering in the array of parameters being bound starts with 0 in the userByteLenP array but with 1 when you use setParamLength().

  • There is also a non-batch version of this method. See "setParamLength()".

setParamNull()

(Version for batch operations.)

void setParamNull(int pno, unsigned short rowno)

This method sets a bound parameter value to NULL before a call to ExecuteBatch(). The pno argument specifies the parameter number in the SQL statement (where the first parameter is number 1). The rowno argument specifies the row number in the array of parameters being bound (where the first row is row number 1).

Notes:

  • For binary and nchar types, as shown in Table 3-4, there is a BindParameter() userByteLenP array. For these types, you can have a null value by specifying SQL_NULL_DATA in this array, which is equivalent to using setParamNull(). Be aware that row numbering in the array of parameters being bound starts with 0 in the userByteLenP array but with 1 when you use setParamNull().

  • There is also a non-batch version of this method. See "setParamNull()".

System catalog classes

These classes allow you to work with the TimesTen system catalog.

You can use the TTCatalog class to facilitate reading metadata from the system catalog. A TTCatalog object contains easily accessible data structures with the information that was read.

Each TTCatalog object internally contains an array of TTCatalogTable objects. Each TTCatalogTable object contains an array of TTCatalogColumn objects and an array of TTCatalogIndex objects.

The following ODBC functions are used inside TTCatalog:

This section discusses the following classes.

TTCatalog

The TTCatalog class is the top-level class used for programmatically accessing metadata information about tables in a database. A TTCatalog object contains an internal array of TTCatalogTable objects. Apart from the constructor, all public methods of TTCatalog are used to gain read-only access to that TTCatalogTable array.

The TTCatalog constructor caches the conn parameter and initializes all the internal data structures appropriately.

TTCatalog (TTConnection* conn)

To use the TTCatalog object, call its fetchCatalogData() method, described shortly. Note that after fetchCatalogData() is called, use of the other TTCatalog methods does not use a database connection.

Public members

None.

Public methods

Method Description
fetchCatalogData() Reads the catalogs in the database for information about tables and indexes and stores this information into TTCatalog internal data structures.
getNumSysTables() Returns the number of system tables in the database.
getNumTables() Returns the total number of tables (user tables plus system tables) in the database.
getNumUserTables() Returns the number of user tables in the database.
getTable() Returns a constant reference to the TTCatalogTable object for the specified table.
getTableIndex() Returns the index in the TTCatalog object for the specified table.
getUserTable() Returns a constant reference to the TTCatalogTable object corresponding to the nth user table in the system (where n is specified).

fetchCatalogData()
void fetchCatalogData()

This is the only TTCatalog method that interacts with the database. It reads the catalogs in the database for information about tables and indexes, storing the information into TTCatalog internal data structures.

Subsequent use of the constructed TTCatalog object is completely offline after it is constructed. It is no longer connected to the database.

You must call this method before you use any of the TTCatalog accessor methods.

This example demonstrates the use of TTCatalog.

Example 3-7 Fetching catalog data

TTConnection conn;
conn.Connect(DSN=TptbmData37);
TTCatalog cat (&conn);
cat.fetchCatalogData(); 

// TTCatalog cat is no longer connected to the database;
// you can now query it through its read-only methods.
cerr << "There are " << cat.getNumTables() << " tables in this database:" << endl;
for (int i=0; i < cat.getNumTables(); i++)
cerr << cat.getTable(i).getTableOwner() << "." 
     << cat.getTable(i).getTableName() << endl;
getNumSysTables()
int getNumSysTables()

Returns the number of system tables in the database. Also see getNumTables() and getNumUserTables().

getNumTables()
int getNumTables() 

Returns the total number of tables in the database (user plus system tables). Also see getNumSysTables() and getNumUserTables().

getNumUserTables()
int getNumUserTables() 

Returns the number of user tables in the database. Also see getNumSysTables() and getNumTables().

getTable()
const TTCatalogTable& getTable(const char* owner, const char* tblname)
const TTCatalogTable& getTable(int tno) 

Returns a constant reference to the TTCatalogTable object for the specified table. Also see getUserTable().

For the first signature, this is for the table named tblname and owned by owner.

For the second signature, this is for the table corresponding to table number tno in the system. This is intended to facilitate iteration through all the tables in the system. The order of the tables in this array is arbitrary. Note that the following relationship is asserted to hold:

0 <= tno <= getNumTables()

Also see "TTCatalogTable".

getTableIndex()
int getTableIndex(const char* owner, const char* tblname) const

This method fetches the index in the TTCatalog object for the specified owner.tblname object. It returns -2 if owner.tblname does not exist. It returns -1 if fetchCatalogData() was not called first.

Example 3-8 retrieves information about the TTUSER.MYDATA table from a TTCatalog object. You can then call methods of TTCatalogTable, described next, to get information about this table.

Example 3-8 Retrieving table information from a catalog

TTConnection conn;
conn.Connect(...);
TTCatalog cat (&conn);
cat.fetchCatalogData();

int idx = cat.getTableIndex("TTUSER", "MYDATA");
if (idx < 0) {
  cerr << "Table TTUSER.MYDATA does not exist." << endl;
  return;
}
 
TTCatalogTable &table = cat.getTable(idx);
getUserTable()
const TTCatalogTable& getUserTable(int tno)

Returns a constant reference to the TTCatalogTable object corresponding to user table number tno in the system. This method is intended to facilitate iteration through all of the user tables in the system. The order of the user tables in this array is arbitrary. Also see getTable().

Note that the following relationship is asserted to hold:

0 <= tno <= getNumUserTables()

Note:

There is no equivalent method for system tables.

TTCatalogTable

A TTCatalogTable object is retrieved through the TTCatalog::getTable() method and stores all metadata information about the columns and indexes of a table.

Public members

None.

Public methods

Method Description
getColumn() Returns a constant reference to the TTCatalogColumn corresponding to the ith column in the table.
getIndex() Returns a constant reference to the TTCatalogIndex object corresponding to the nth index in the table, where n is specified.
getNumColumns() Returns the number of columns in the table.
getNumIndexes() Returns the number of indexes on the table.
getNumSpecialColumns() Returns the number of special columns in this table. See "TTCatalogSpecialColumn".
getSpecialColumn() Returns a special column (TTCatalogSpecialColumn object) from this table, according to the specified column number.
getTableName() Returns the name of the table.
getTableOwner() Returns the owner of the table.
getTableType() Returns the table type as from an ODBC SQLTables call.
isSystemTable() Returns TRUE if the table is a system table.
isUserTable() Returns TRUE if the table is a user table.

getColumn()
const TTCatalogColumn& getColumn(int cno)

Returns a constant reference to the TTCatalogColumn object corresponding to column number cno in the table. This method is intended to facilitate iteration through all the columns in the table.

Note that the following relationship is asserted to hold:

0 <= cno <= getNumColumns()
getIndex()
const TTCatalogIndex& getIndex(int num)

Returns a constant reference to the TTCatalogIndex object corresponding to index number num in the table. This method is intended to facilitate iteration through all the indexes of the table. The order of the indexes of a table in this array is arbitrary.

Note that the following relationship is asserted to hold:

0 <= num <= getNumIndexes()
getNumColumns()
int getNumColumns()

Returns the number of columns in the table.

getNumIndexes()
int getNumIndexes()

Returns the number of indexes on the table.

getNumSpecialColumns()
int getNumSpecialColumns()

Returns the number of special columns in this TTCatalogTable object. Because TimesTen supports only rowid special columns, this always returns 1.

Also see "TTCatalogSpecialColumn".

getSpecialColumn()
const TTCatalogSpecialColumn& getSpecialColumn(int num) const

Returns a special column (TTCatalogSpecialColumn object) from this TTCatalogTable object, according to the specified column number. In TimesTen this can only be a rowid pseudocolumn.

Also see "TTCatalogSpecialColumn".

getTableName()
const char* getTableName()

Returns the name of the table.

getTableOwner()
const char* getTableOwner()

Returns the owner of the table.

getTableType()
const char* getTableType() const

Returns the table type of this TTCatalogTable object, as from an ODBC SQLTables call. In TimesTen this may be TABLE, SYSTEM TABLE, VIEW, or SYNONYM.

isSystemTable()
bool isSystemTable()

Returns TRUE if the table is a system table (owned by SYS or TTREP) or FALSE otherwise.

The isSystemTable() method and isUserTable() method (described next) are useful for applications that iterate over all tables in a database after a call to TTCatalog::fetchCatalogData(), so that you can filter or annotate tables to differentiate the system and user tables. The TTClasses demo program catalog provides an example of how this can be done. (See "About the TimesTen TTClasses demos".)

isUserTable()
bool isUserTable()

Returns TRUE if this is a user table, which is to say it is not a system table, or FALSE otherwise. Note that isUserTable() returns the opposite of isSystemTable() for any table. The description of isSystemTable(), immediately preceding, discusses the usage and usefulness of these methods.

TTCatalogColumn

The TTCatalogColumn class is used to store all metadata information about a single column of a table. This table is represented by the TTCatalogTable object from which the column was retrieved through a TTCatalogTable::getColumn() call.

Public members

None.

Public methods

Method Description
getColumnName() Return the name of the column.
getDataType() Returns an integer representing the ODBC SQL data type of the column.
getLength() Returns the length of the column, in bytes.
getNullable() Indicates whether the column can contain NULL values.
getPrecision() Returns the precision of the column.
getRadix() Returns the radix of the column.
getScale() Returns the scale of the column.
getTypeName() Returns the database-dependent name of the type returned by getDataType().

getColumnName()
const char* getColumnName()

Returns the name of the column.

getDataType()
int getDataType()

Returns an integer representing the data type of the column. This is the standard ODBC SQL Type.

getLength()
int getLength()

Returns the length of data in the column, in bytes.

getNullable()
int getNullable()

Indicates whether the column can contain NULL values. It returns SQL_NO_NULLS, SQL_NULLABLE, or SQL_NULLABLE_UNKNOWN.

getPrecision()
int getPrecision()

Returns the precision of data in the column, referring to the maximum number of digits that are used by the data type.

getRadix()
int getRadix()

Returns the radix of the column, according to ODBC SQLColumns functionality.

getScale()
int getScale()

Returns the scale of data in the column, referring to the maximum number of digits to the right of the decimal point.

getTypeName()
const char* getTypeName()

Returns the database-dependent name of the type returned by getDataType().

TTCatalogIndex

The TTCatalogIndex class is used to store all metadata information about an index of a table. This table is represented by the TTCatalogTable object from which the index was retrieved through a TTCatalogTable::getIndex() call.

Public members

None.

Public methods

Method Description
getCollation() Returns the collation of the specified column in the index.
getColumnName() Returns the name of the specified column in the index.
getIndexName() Returns the name of the index.
getIndexOwner() Returns the owner of the index.
getNumColumns() Returns the number of columns in the index.
getTableName() Returns the name of the table for which the index was created.
getType() Returns the type of the index.
isUnique() Indicates whether the index is a unique index.

getCollation()
char getCollation (int num)

Returns the collation of column number num in the index. Values returned are "A" for ascending order or "D" for descending order.

getColumnName()
const char* getColumnName(int num)

Returns the name of column number num in the index.

getIndexName()
const char* getIndexName()

Returns the name of the index.

getIndexOwner()
const char* getIndexOwner()

Returns the owner of the index.

getNumColumns()
int getNumColumns()

Returns the number of columns in the index.

getTableName()
const char* getTableName()

Returns the name of the table for which the index was created. This is the table represented by the TTCatalogTable object from which the index was retrieved through a TTCatalogTable::getIndex() call.

getType()
int getType()

Returns the type of the index. For TimesTen, the allowable values are PRIMARY_KEY, HASH_INDEX (the same as PRIMARY_KEY), and TTREE_INDEX.

isUnique()
bool isUnique()

Returns TRUE if the index is a unique index or FALSE otherwise.

TTCatalogSpecialColumn

This class is a wrapper for results from an ODBC SQLSpecialColumns call on a table represented by a TTCatalogTable object. In TimesTen, a rowid pseudocolumn is the only type of special column supported, so a TTCatalogSpecialColumn object can only contain information about rowids.

Usage

Obtain a TTCatalogSpecialColumn object by calling the getSpecialColumn() method on the relevant TTCatalogTable object.

Public members

None.

Public methods

Method Description
getColumnName() Returns the name of the special column.
getDataType() Returns the data type of the special column, as an integer.
getLength() Returns the length of data in the special column, in bytes.
getPrecision() Returns the precision of the special column.
getScale() Returns the scale of the special column.
getTypeName() Returns the data type of the special column, as a character string.

getColumnName()
const char* getColumnName()

Returns the name of the special column.

getDataType()
int getDataType()

Returns an integer representing the ODBC SQL data type of the special column. In TimesTen this can be only SQL_ROWID.

getLength()
int getLength()

Returns the length of data in the special column, in bytes.

getPrecision()
int getPrecision()

Returns the precision for data in the special column, referring to the maximum number of digits used by the data type.

getScale()
int getScale()

Returns the scale for data in the special column, referring to the maximum number of digits to the right of the decimal point.

getTypeName()
const char* getTypeName()

Returns the data type name that corresponds to the ODBC SQL data type value returned by getDataType(). In TimesTen this can be only ROWID.

XLA classes

TTClasses provides a set of classes for applications to use with the TimesTen Transaction Log API (XLA).

XLA is a set of C-callable functions that allow an application to monitor changes made to one or more database tables. Whenever another application changes a monitored table, the application using XLA is informed of the changes. For more information about XLA, see "XLA and TimesTen Event Management" in Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database C Developer's Guide.

The XLA classes support as many XLA columns as the maximum number of columns supported by TimesTen. For more information, see "System Limits" in Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database System Tables and Limits Reference.

Important:

As noted in "Considerations when using an ODBC driver manager (Windows)", XLA functionality does not work in TTClasses when you use an ODBC driver manager.

This section discusses the following classes:

TTXlaPersistConnection

Use TTXlaPersistConnection to create an XLA connection to a database.

Usage

An XLA application can create multiple TTXlaPersistConnection objects if needed. Each TTXlaPersistConnection object must be associated with its own bookmark, which is specified at connect time and must be maintained through the ackUpdates() and deleteBookmarkAndDisconnect() methods. Most applications require only one or at most two XLA bookmarks.

After an XLA connection is established, the application should enter a loop in which the fetchUpdatesWait() method is called repeatedly until application termination. This loop should fetch updates from XLA as rapidly as possible to ensure that the transaction log does not fill up available disk space.

Notes:

  • The transaction log is in a file system location according to the TimesTen LogDir attribute setting, if specified, or the DataStore attribute setting. Refer to "Data store attributes" in Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database Reference.

  • Each bookmark establishes its own log hold on the transaction log. (See "ttLogHolds" in Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database Reference for related information.) If any bookmark is not moved forward periodically, transaction logs cannot be purged by checkpoint operations. This can fill up disk space over time.

After processing a batch of updates, the application should call ackUpdates() to acknowledge those updates and get ready for the next call to fetchUpdatesWait(). A batch of updates can be replayed using the setBookmarkIndex() and getBookmarkIndex() methods. Also, if the XLA application disconnects after fetchUpdatesWait() but before ackUpdates(), the next connection (with the same bookmark name) that calls fetchUpdatesWait() will see that same batch of updates.

Updates that occur while a TTXlaPersistConnection object is disconnected from the database are not lost. They are stored in the transaction log until another TTXlaPersistConnection object connects with the same bookmark name.

Note that privilege to connect to a database must be granted to users through the CREATE SESSION privilege, either directly or through the PUBLIC role. See "Access control for connections". In addition, the XLA privilege is required to create an XLA connection.

Public members

None.

Public methods

Method Description
ackUpdates() Advances the bookmark to the next set of updates.
Connect() Connects with the specified bookmark, or creates one if it does not exist (depending on the method signature).
deleteBookmarkAndDisconnect() Deletes the bookmark and disconnects from the database.
Disconnect() Closes an XLA connection to a database.
fetchUpdatesWait() Fetches updates to the transaction log within the specified wait period.
getBookmarkIndex() Gets the current transaction log position.
setBookmarkIndex() Returns to the transaction log position that was acquired by a getBookmarkIndex() call.

ackUpdates()
void ackUpdates()

Use this method to advance the bookmark to the next set of updates. After you have acknowledged a set of updates, the updates cannot be viewed again by this bookmark. Therefore, a setBookmarkIndex() call will not work after an ackUpdates() call. (See the descriptions of getBookmarkIndex() and setBookmarkIndex() for information about replaying a set of updates.)

Applications should acknowledge updates when a batch of XLA records have been read and processed, so that the transaction log does not fill up available disk space; however, do not call ackUpdates() too frequently, because it is a relatively expensive operation.

If an application uses XLA to read a batch of records and then a failure occurs before ackUpdates() is called, the records will be retrieved when the application reestablishes an XLA connection.

Note:

The transaction log is in a file system location according to the TimesTen LogDir attribute setting, if specified, or the DataStore attribute setting. Refer to "Data store attributes" in Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database Reference.
Connect()
virtual void Connect(const char* connStr, const char* bookmarkStr, 
                     bool createBookmarkFlag)
virtual void Connect(const char* connStr, const char* username, 
                     const char* password, const char* bookmarkStr, 
                     bool createBookmarkFlag)
virtual void Connect(const char* connStr, 
                     TTConnection::DRIVER_COMPLETION_ENUM driverCompletion,
                     const char* bookmarkStr, bool createBookmarkFlag)

virtual void Connect(const char* connStr, const char* bookmarkStr)
virtual void Connect(const char* connStr, const char* username, 
                     const char* password, const char* bookmarkStr)
virtual void Connect(const char* connStr,
                     TTConnection::DRIVER_COMPLETION_ENUM driverCompletion,
                     const char* bookmarkStr)

Each XLA connection has a bookmark name associated with it, so that after disconnecting and reconnecting, the same place in the transaction log can be found. The name for the bookmark of a connection is specified in the bookmarkStr parameter.

For the first set of methods listed above, the createBookmarkFlag boolean parameter indicates whether the specified bookmark is new or was previously created. If you indicate that a bookmark is new (createBookmarkFlag==true) and it already exists, an error will be returned. Similarly, if you indicate that a bookmark already exists (createBookmarkFlag==false) and it does not exist, an error will be returned.

For the second set of methods listed, without createBookmarkFlag, TTClasses first tries to connect reusing the supplied bookmark (behavior equivalent to createBookmarkFlag==false). If that bookmark does not exist, TTClasses then tries to connect and create a new bookmark with the name bookmarkStr (behavior equivalent to createBookmarkFlag==true). These methods are provided as a convenience, to simplify XLA connection logic if you would rather not concern yourself with whether the XLA bookmark exists.

In either mode, with or without createBookmarkFlag, specify a user name and password either through the connection string or through the separate parameters, or specify a DRIVER_COMPLETION_ENUM value. Refer to "TTConnection" for information about DRIVER_COMPLETION_ENUM.

Note that privilege to connect to a database must be granted to users through the CREATE SESSION privilege, either directly or through the PUBLIC role. See "Access control for connections". In addition, the XLA privilege is required to create an XLA connection.

Note:

Only one XLA connection can connect with a given bookmark name. An error will be returned if multiple connections try to connect to the same bookmark.
deleteBookmarkAndDisconnect()
void deleteBookmarkAndDisconnect()

This method first deletes the bookmark that is currently associated with the connection, so that the database no longer keeps records relevant to that bookmark, then disconnects from the database.

To disconnect without deleting the bookmark, use the Disconnect() method instead.

Disconnect()
virtual void Disconnect()

This method closes an XLA connection to a database. The XLA bookmark persists after you call this method.

To delete the bookmark and disconnect from the database, use deleteBookmarkAndDisconnect() instead.

fetchUpdatesWait()
void fetchUpdatesWait(ttXlaUpdateDesc_t*** arry, int maxrecs,
                      int* recsP, int seconds)

Use this method to fetch a set of records describing changes to a database. A list of ttXlaUpdateDesc_t structures is returned. If there are no XLA updates to be fetched, this method waits the specified number of seconds before returning.

Specify the number of seconds to wait, seconds, and the maximum number of records to receive, maxrecs. The method returns the number of records actually received, recsP, and an array of pointers, arry, that point to structures defining the changes.

The ttXlaUpdateDesc_t structures that are returned by this method are defined in the XLA specification. No C++ object-oriented encapsulation of these methods is provided. Typically, after calling fetchUpdatesWait(), an application processes these ttXlaUpdateDesc_t structures in a sequence of calls to TTXlaTableList::HandleChange().

See "ttXlaUpdateDesc_t" in Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database C Developer's Guide for information about that data structure.

getBookmarkIndex()
void getBookmarkIndex()

This method gets the current bookmark location, storing it into a class private data member where it is available for use by subsequent setBookmarkIndex() calls.

setBookmarkIndex()
void setBookmarkIndex()

This method returns to the saved transaction log index, restoring the bookmark to the address previously acquired by a getBookmarkIndex() call. Use this method to replay a batch of XLA records.

Note that ackUpdates() invalidates the stored transaction log placeholder. After ackUpdates(), a call to setBookmarkIndex() returns an error because it is no longer possible to go back to the previously acquired bookmark location.

TTXlaRowViewer

Use TTXlaRowViewer, which represents a row image from change notification records, to examine XLA change notification record structures and old and new column values.

Usage

Methods of this class are used to examine column values from row images contained in change notification records. Also see related information about the TTXlaTable class ("TTXlaTable").

Before a row can be examined, the TTXlaRowViewer object must be associated with a row using the setTuple() method, which is invoked inside the TTXlaTableHandler::HandleInsert(), HandleUpdate(), or HandleDelete() method, or by a user-written overloaded method. Columns can be checked for null values using the isNull() method. Non-null column values can be examined using the appropriate overloaded Get() method.

Public members

None.

Public methods

Method Description
columnPrec() Returns the precision of the specified column in the row image.
columnScale() Returns the scale of the specified column in the row image.
Get() Fetches the value of the specified column in the row image.
getColumn() Returns the specified column from the row image.
isColumnTTTimestamp() Indicates whether the specified column in the row image is a TT_TIMESTAMP column.
isNull() Indicates whether the specified column in the row image has the value NULL.
numUpdatedCols() Returns the number of columns in the row image that have been updated.
setTuple() Associates the TTXlaRowViewer object with the specified row image.
updatedCol() Returns the column number in the row image of a column that has been updated, typically during iteration through all updated columns.

columnPrec()
int columnPrec(int cno)

Returns the precision of data in column number cno of the row image, referring to the maximum number of digits that are used by the data type.

columnScale()
int columnScale(int cno)

Returns the scale of data in column number cno of the row image, referring to the maximum number of digits to the right of the decimal point.

Get()
void Get(int cno, TYPE* valueP)
void Get(int cno, TYPE* valueP, int* byteLenP)

Fetches the value of column number cno in the row image. These methods are very similar to the TTCmd::getColumn() methods.

Table 3-5 that follows shows the supported SQL data types and the appropriate versions of Get() to use for each data type. Design the application according to the types of data that are stored. For example, data of type NUMBER(9,0) can be accessed by the Get(int, int*) method without loss of information.

Table 3-5 Get() variants for supported data types

XLA data type Database data type Get variant

TTXLA_CHAR_TT

TT_CHAR

Get(cno, char** cPP)

TTXLA_NCHAR_TT

TT_NCHAR

Get(cno, SQLWCHAR** wcPP, byteLenP)

TTXLA_VARCHAR_TT

TT_VARCHAR

Get(cno, char** cPP)

TTXLA_NVARCHAR_TT

TT_NVARCHAR

Get(cno, SQLWCHAR** wcPP, byteLenP)

TTXLA_TINYINT

TT_TINYINT

Get(cno, SQLTINYINT* iP)

TTXLA_SMALLINT

TT_SMALLINT

Get(cno, short* iP)

TTXLA_INTEGER

TT_INTEGER

Get(cno, int* iP)

TTXLA_BIGINT

TT_BIGINT

Get(cno, SQLBIGINT* biP)

TTXLA_BINARY_FLOAT

BINARY_FLOAT

Get(cno, float* fP)

TTXLA_BINARY_DOUBLE

BINARY_DOUBLE

Get(cno, double* dP)

TTXLA_DECIMAL_TT

TT_DECIMAL

Get(cno, char** cPP)

TTXLA_TIME

TT_TIME

Get(cno, TIME_STRUCT* tP)

TTXLA_DATE_TT

TT_DATE

Get(cno, DATE_STRUCT* dP)

TTXLA_TIMESTAMP_TT

TT_TIMESTAMP

Get(cno, TIMESTAMP_STRUCT* tsP)

TTXLA_BINARY

BINARY

Get(cno, const void** binPP,
    byteLenP)

TTXLA_VARBINARY

VARBINARY

Get(cno, const void** binPP,
    byteLenP)

TTXLA_NUMBER

NUMBER

Get(cno, double* dP)
Get(cno, char** cPP)
Get(cno, short* iP)
Get(cno, int* iP)
Get(cno, SQLBIGINT* biP)

TTXLA_DATE

DATE

Get(cno, TIMESTAMP_STRUCT* tsP)

TTXLA_TIMESTAMP

TIMESTAMP

Get(cno, TIMESTAMP_STRUCT* tsP)

TTXLA_CHAR

CHAR

Get(cno, char** cPP)

TTXLA_NCHAR

NCHAR

Get(cno, SQLWCHAR** wcPP, byteLenP)

TTXLA_VARCHAR

VARCHAR2

Get(cno, char** cPP)

TTXLA_NVARCHAR

NVARCHAR2

Get(cno, SQLWCHAR** wcPP, byteLenP)

TTXLA_FLOAT

FLOAT

Get(cno, double* dP)
Get(cno, char** cPP)

getColumn()
const TTXlaColumn* getColumn(u_int cno) const

Returns a TTXlaColumn object with metadata for column number cno in the row image.

isColumnTTTimestamp()
bool isColumnTTTimestamp(int cno)

Returns TRUE if column number cno in the row image is a TT_TIMESTAMP column or FALSE otherwise.

isNull()
bool isNull(int cno)

Indicates whether the column number cno in the row image has the value NULL, returning TRUE if so or FALSE if not.

numUpdatedCols()
SQLUSMALLINT numUpdatedCols()

Returns the number of columns that have been updated in the row image.

setTuple()
void setTuple(ttXlaUpdateDesc_t* updateDescP, int whichTuple)

Before a row can be examined, this method must be called to associate the TTXlaRowViewer object with a particular row image. It is invoked inside the TTXlaTableHandler::HandleInsert(), HandleUpdate(), or HandleDelete() method, or by a user-written overloaded method. You would typically call it when overloading the TTXlaTableHandler::HandleChange() method. The Quick Start xlasubscriber1 demo provides an example of its usage. (See "About the TimesTen TTClasses demos".)

The ttXlaUpdateDesc_t structures that are returned by TTXlaPersistConnection::fetchUpdatesWait() contain either zero, one, or two rows. Note the following:

  • Structures that define a row that was inserted into a table contain the row image of the inserted row.

  • Structures that define a row that was deleted from a table contain the row image of the deleted row.

  • Structures that define a row that was updated in a table contain the images of the row before and after the update.

  • Structures that define other changes to the table or the database contain no row images. For example, structures reporting that an index was dropped contain no row images.

The setTuple() method takes two arguments:

  • A pointer to a particular ttXlaUpdateDesc_t structure defining a database change.

  • An integer specifying which type of row image in the update structure should be examined. The following are valid values:

    • INSERTED_TUP: Examine the inserted row.

    • DELETED_TUP: Examine the deleted row.

    • UPDATE_OLD_TUP: Examine the row before it was updated.

    • UPDATE_NEW_TUP: Examine the row after it was updated.

updatedCol()
SQLUSMALLINT updatedCol(u_int cno)

Returns the column number of a column that has been updated. For the input parameter you can iterate from 1 through n, where n is the number returned by numUpdatedCols(). Example 3-9 shows a snippet from the TimesTen Quick Start demo xlasubscriber1, where updatedCol() is used with numUpdatedCols() to retrieve each column that has been updated. (See "About the TimesTen TTClasses demos".)

Example 3-9 Using TTXlaRowViewer::numUpdatedCols() and updatedCol()

void
SampleHandler::HandleUpdate(ttXlaUpdateDesc_t* )
{
  cerr << row2.numUpdatedCols() << " column(s) updated: ";
  for ( int i = 1; i <= row2.numUpdatedCols(); i++ )
  {
    cerr << row2.updatedCol(i) << "("
         << row2.getColumn(row2.updatedCol(i)-1)->getColName() << ") ";
  }
  cerr << endl;
}

TTXlaTableHandler

The TTXlaTableHandler class provides methods that enable and disable change tracking for a table. Methods are also provided to handle update notification records from XLA. It is intended as a base class from which application developers write customized classes to process changes to a particular table.

The constructor associates the TTXlaTableHandler object with a particular table and initializes the TTXlaTable data member contained within the TTXlaTableHandler object:

TTXlaTableHandler(TTXlaPersistConnection& conn, const char* ownerP, 
                  const char* nameP)

Also see "TTXlaTable".

Usage

Application developers can derive one or more classes from TTXlaTableHandler and can put most of the application logic in the HandleInsert(), HandleDelete(), and HandleUpdate() methods of that class.

One strategy is to derive multiple classes from TTXlaTableHandler, one for each table. Business logic to handle changes to customer data might be implemented in a CustomerTableHandler class, for example, while business logic to handle changes to order data might be implemented in an OrderTableHandler class.

Another strategy is to derive one or more generic classes from TTXlaTableHandler to handle various scenarios. For example, a generic class derived from TTXlaTableHandler could be used to publish changes using a publish/subscribe system.

See the xlasubscriber1 and xlasubscriber2 demos in the TimesTen Quick Start for examples of classes that extend TTXlaTableHandler. (Refer to "About the TimesTen TTClasses demos".)

Public members

None

Protected members

Member Description
TTXlaTable tbl The metadata associated with the table being handled.
TTXlaRowViewer row Used to view the row being inserted or deleted, or the old image of the row being updated, in user-written HandleInsert(), HandleDelete(), and HandleUpdate() methods.
TTXlaRowViewer row2 Used to view the new image of the row being updated in user-written HandleUpdate() methods.

Public methods

Method Description
DisableTracking() Disables XLA update tracking for the table.
EnableTracking() Enables XLA update tracking for the table.
generateSQL() Returns the SQL associated with a given XLA record.
HandleChange() Dispatches a record from ttXlaUpdateDesc_t to the appropriate handling routine for processing.
HandleDelete() Invoked when the HandleChange() method is called to process a delete operation.
HandleInsert() Invoked when the HandleChange() method is called to process an insert operation.
HandleUpdate() Invoked when the HandleChange() method is called to process an update operation.

DisableTracking()
virtual void DisableTracking()

Disables XLA update tracking for the table. After this method is called, XLA will not return information about changes to the table.

EnableTracking()
virtual void EnableTracking()

Enables XLA update tracking for the table. Until this method is called, XLA will not return information about changes to the table.

generateSQL()
void generateSQL (ttXlaUpdateDesc_t* updateDescP, char* buffer, 
                  SQLINTEGER maxByteLen, SQLINTEGER* actualByteLenP)

This method prints the SQL associated with a given XLA record. The SQL string is returned through the buffer parameter. Allocate space for the buffer and specify its maximum length, maxByteLen. The actualByteLenP parameter returns information about the actual length of the SQL string returned.

If maxByteLen is less than the length of the generated SQL string, a TTStatus error will be thrown, and the contents of buffer and actualByteLenP will not be modified.

HandleChange()
virtual void HandleChange(ttXlaUpdateDesc_t* updateDescP)
virtual void HandleChange(ttXlaUpdateDesc_t* updateDescP, void* pData)

Dispatches a ttXlaUpdateDesc_t object to the appropriate handling routine for processing. The update description is analyzed to determine if it is for a delete, insert or update operation. The appropriate handing method is then called: HandleDelete(), HandleInsert(), or HandleUpdate().

Classes that inherit from TTXlaTableHandler can use the optional pData parameter when they overload the TTXlaTableHandler::HandleChange() method. This optional parameter is useful for determining whether the batch of XLA records that was just processed ends on a transaction boundary. Knowing this will help an application decide the appropriate time to invoke TTConnection::ackUpdates(). See "Acknowledging XLA updates at transaction boundaries" for an example that uses the pData parameter.

Also see "HandleChange()" for TTXlaTableList objects.

HandleDelete()
virtual void HandleDelete(ttXlaUpdateDesc_t* updateDescP) = 0

This method is invoked whenever the HandleChange() method is called to process a delete operation.

HandleDelete() is not implemented in the TTXlaTableHandler base class. It must be provided by any classes derived from it, with appropriate logic to handle deleted rows.

The row that was deleted from the table is available through the protected member row of type TTXlaRowViewer.

HandleInsert()
virtual void HandleInsert(ttXlaUpdateDesc_t* updateDescP) = 0

This method is invoked whenever the HandleChange() method is called to process an insert operation.

HandleInsert() is not implemented in the TTXlaTableHandler base class. It must be provided by any classes derived from it, with appropriate logic to handle inserted rows.

The row that was inserted into the table is available through the protected member row of type TTXlaRowViewer.

HandleUpdate()
virtual void HandleUpdate(ttXlaUpdateDesc_t* updateDescP) = 0

This method is invoked whenever the HandleChange() method is called to process an update operation.

HandleUpdate() is not implemented in the TTXlaTableHandler base class. It must be provided by any classes derived from it, with appropriate logic to handle updated rows.

The previous version of the row that was updated from the table is available through the protected member row of type TTXlaRowViewer. The new version of the row is available through the protected member row2, also of type TTXlaRowViewer.

TTXlaTableList

The TTXlaTableList class provides a list of TTXlaTableHandler objects and is used to dispatch update notification events to the appropriate TTXlaTableHandler object. When an update notification is received from XLA, the appropriate HandleXxxxxx() method of the appropriate TTXlaTableHandler object is called to process the record.

For example, if an object of type CustomerTableHandler is handling changes to table CUSTOMER, and an object of type OrderTableHandler is handling changes to table ORDERS, the application should include both of these objects in a TTXlaTableList object. As XLA update notification records are fetched from XLA, they can be dispatched to the correct handler by a call to TTXlaTableList::HandleChange().

The constructor has two forms:

TTXlaTableList(TTXlaPersistConnection* cP, unsigned int num_tbls_to_monitor)

Where num_tbls_to_monitor is the number of database objects to monitor.

Or:

TTXlaTableList(TTXlaPersistConnection* cP);

Where cP references the database connection to be used for XLA operations. This form of the constructor can monitor up to 150 database objects.

Usage

By registering TTXlaTableHandler objects in a TTXlaTableList object, the process of fetching update notification records from XLA and dispatching them to the appropriate methods for processing can be accomplished using a loop.

Public members

None

Public methods

Method Description
add() Adds a TTXlaTableHandler object to the list.
del() Deletes a TTXlaTableHandler object from the list.
HandleChange() Processes a record obtained from a ttXlaUpdateDesc_t structure.

add()
void add(TTXlaTableHandler* tblh)

Adds a TTXlaTableHandler object to the list.

del()
void del(TTXlaTableHandler* tblh)

Deletes a TTXlaTableHandler object from the list.

HandleChange()
void HandleChange(ttXlaUpdateDesc_t* updateDescP)
void HandleChange(ttXlaUpdateDesc_t* updateDescP, void* pData)

When a ttXlaUpdateDesc_t object is received from XLA, it can be processed by calling this method, which determines which table the record references and calls the HandleChange() method of the appropriate TTXlaTableHandler object.

See "HandleChange()" for TTXlaTableHandler objects, including a discussion of the pData parameter.

TTXlaTable

The TTXlaTable class encapsulates the metadata for a table being monitored for changes. It acts as a metadata interface for the TimesTen ttXlaTblDesc_t C data structure. (See "ttXlaTblDesc_t" in Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database C Developer's Guide.)

Usage

When a user application creates a class that extends TTXlaTableHandler, it will typically call TTXlaTable::getColNumber() to map a column name to its XLA column number. You can then use the column number as input to the TTXlaRowViewer::Get() method. This is shown in the xlasubscriber2 demo in the TimesTen Quick Start. (Refer to "About the TimesTen TTClasses demos".)

This class also provides useful metadata functions to return the name, owner, and number of columns in the table.

Public members

None.

Public methods

Method Description
getColNumber() Returns the column number of the specified column in the table.
getNCols() Returns the number of columns in the table.
getOwnerName() Returns the name of owner of the table.
getTableName() Returns the name of the table.

getColNumber()
int getColNumber(const char* colNameP) const

For a specified column name in the table, this method returns its column number, or -1 if there is no column by that name.

getNCols()
int getNCols() const

Returns the number of columns in the table.

getOwnerName()
const char* getOwnerName() const

Returns the user name of the owner of the table.

getTableName()
const char* getTableName() const

Returns the name of the table.

TTXlaColumn

A TTXlaColumn object contains the metadata for a single column of a table being monitored for changes. It acts as a metadata interface for the TimesTen ttXlaColDesc_t C data structure. (See "ttXlaColDesc_t" in Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database C Developer's Guide.) Information including the column name, type, precision, and scale can be retrieved.

Usage

Applications can associate a column with a TTXlaColumn object by using the TTXlaRowViewer::getColumn() method.

Public members

None.

Public methods

Method Description
getColName() Returns the name of the column.
getPrecision() Returns the precision of the column.
getScale() Returns the scale of the column.
getSize() Returns the size of the column data, in bytes.
getSysColNum() Returns the system-generated column number of this column as stored in the database.
getType() Returns the data type of the column, as an integer.
getUserColNum() Returns a column number optionally specified by the user, or 0.
isNullable() Indicates whether the column allows NULL values
isPKColumn() Indicates whether the column is the primary key for the table.
isTTTimestamp() Indicates whether the column is a TT_TIMESTAMP column.
isUpdated() Indicates whether the column was updated.

getColName()
const char* getColName() const

Returns the name of the column.

getPrecision()
SQLULEN getPrecision() const

Returns the precision for data in the column, referring to the maximum number of digits that are used by the data type.

getScale()
int getScale() const

Returns the scale for data in the column, referring to the maximum number of digits to the right of the decimal point.

getSize()
SQLUINTEGER getSize() const

Returns the size of values in the column, in bytes.

getSysColNum()
SQLUINTEGER getSysColNum() const

This is the system-generated column number of the column, numbered from 1. It equals the corresponding COLNUM value in SYS.COLUMNS. (See "SYS.COLUMNS" in Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database System Tables and Limits Reference.)

getType()
int getType() const

Returns an integer representing the TimesTen XLA data type (TTXLA_xxx) of the column. This is a value from the dataType field of the TimesTen ttXlaColDesc_t data structure. In some cases this corresponds to an ODBC SQL data type (SQL_xxx) and the corresponding standard integer value.

Refer to "About XLA data types" in Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database C Developer's Guide for information regarding TimesTen XLA data types. The corresponding integer values are defined for use in any TTClasses application that includes the TTXla.h header file.

Also refer to "ttXlaColDesc_t" in Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database C Developer's Guide for information about that data structure.

getUserColNum()
SQLUINTEGER getUserColNum() const

Returns a column number optionally specified by the user through the ttSetUserColumnID TimesTen built-in procedure, or 0.

See "ttSetUserColumnID" in Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database Reference.

isNullable()
bool isNullable() const

Returns TRUE if null values are allowed inthe column, or FALSE otherwise.

isPKColumn()
bool isPKColumn() const

Returns TRUE if this column is the primary key for the table, or FALSE otherwise.

isTTTimestamp()
bool isTTTimestamp() const

Returns TRUE if this column is a TT_TIMESTAMP column, or FALSE otherwise.

isUpdated()
bool isUpdated() const

Returns TRUE if this column was updated, or FALSE otherwise.