Oracle® TimesTen In-Memory Database C Developer's Guide Release 11.2.1 Part Number E13066-08 |
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This chapter describes how to tune a C application to run optimally on a TimesTen database. See "TimesTen Database Performance Tuning" in Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database Operations Guide for more general tuning tips.
This chapter includes the following topics:
TimesTen permits ODBC applications that do not need some of the functionality provided by a driver manager to link without one. In particular, applications that do not need ODBC access to database systems other than TimesTen should consider omitting the driver manager. This is done by linking the application directly with the TimesTen direct or client driver, as described in "Linking options". The performance improvement will be significant.
"Testing link options" explains how to determine whether an application is linked directly with the driver or with the driver manager.
Note:
It is permissible for some applications connected to a database to be linked with the driver manager, while others connected to the same database are direct-linked.You can improve performance by using groups, referred to as batches, of statement executions in your application.
The SQLParamOptions
ODBC function allows an application to specify multiple values for the set of parameters assigned by SQLBindParameter
. This is useful for processing the same SQL statement multiple times with various parameter values. For example, your application can specify multiple sets of values for the set of parameters associated with an INSERT
statement, and then execute the INSERT
statement once to perform all the insert operations.
TimesTen supports the use of SQLParamOptions
with INSERT
, UPDATE
and DELETE
statements, but not with SELECT
statements. TimesTen recommends the following batch sizes for Release 11.2.1:
256 for INSERT
statements
31 for UPDATE
statements
31 for DELETE
statements
Table 7-1 provides a summary of SQLParamOptions
arguments. Refer to ODBC API reference documentation for details.
Table 7-1 SQLParamOptions arguments
Argument | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
|
|
Statement handle. |
|
|
Number of values for each parameter. |
|
|
Pointer to storage for the current row number. |
Assuming the crow
value is greater than 1, the rgbValue
argument of SQLBindParameter
points to an array of parameter values and the pcbValue
argument points to an array of lengths. (Also see "SQLBindParameter function".)
Refer to the TimesTen Quick Start demo source file bulkinsert.c
for a complete working example of batching. (Also, for programming in C++ with TTClasses, see bulktest.cpp
.)
Note:
When usingSQLParamOptions
with the TimesTen Client/Server driver, data-at-execution parameters are not supported.The purpose of a SQLBindCol
or SQLBindParameter
call is to associate a type conversion and program buffer with a data column or parameter. For a given SQL statement, if the type conversion or memory buffer for a given data column or parameter is not going to change over repeated executions of the statement, it is better not to make repeated calls to SQLBindCol
or SQLBindParameter
.
Note:
A call toSQLFreeStmt
with the SQL_UNBIND
option unbinds all columns.SQLGetData
can be used for fetching data without binding columns. This can sometimes have a negative impact on performance because applications have to issue a SQLGetData
ODBC call for every column of every row that is fetched. In contrast, using bound columns requires only one ODBC call for each fetched column. Further, the TimesTen ODBC driver is more highly optimized for the bound columns method of fetching data.
SQLGetData
can be very useful, though, for doing piece-wise fetches of data from long character or binary columns.
TimesTen instruction paths are so short that even small delays due to data conversion can cause a relatively large percentage increase in transaction time. To avoid data type conversions:
Match input argument types to expression types.
Match the types of output buffers to the types of the fetched values.
Match the connection character set to the database character set.
TimesTen provides the TT_PREFETCH_COUNT
option, which can be set through SQLSetStmtOption
and allows an application to fetch multiple rows of data. This feature is available for applications that use the Read Committed isolation level. For applications that retrieve large amounts of TimesTen data, fetching multiple rows can increase performance greatly. However, locks are held on all rows being retrieved until all the application has received all the data, decreasing concurrency. For more information on how to use TT_PREFETCH_COUNT
, see "Prefetching multiple rows of data".