users@jpa-spec.java.net

[jpa-spec users] [jsr338-experts] Proposal for EntityGraphs, fetch plans, etc...

From: Gordon Yorke <gordon.yorke_at_oracle.com>
Date: Tue, 27 Nov 2012 17:20:02 -0400

Hello all,
    Please find below a proposal for EntityGraphs and their use to
define entity graph fetching, loading, merging and copying. I have been
working with Mike Keith and Linda DeMichiel on this proposal and we feel
it is time to present to the expert group. Please have a look and
provide feedback as the intention is to integrate this within the 2.1 spec.
Thank you,
Gordon

----
A common functional request has been to enable users to dynamically 
define how an EntityManager operation or query should apply to an entity 
graph.  This may more commonly be known as "merge groups" or "fetch 
plans".  This functionality can be especially important when detached 
entities must be serialized and then merged into an active Persistence 
Context.
An entity graph is a template defined in the form of metadata or an 
object created by the dynamic EntityGraph API that captures the path and 
boundaries for an operation or a query   For static metadata the 
NamedEntityGraph annotation defines the attribute nodes and boundaries 
of the grouping.
@Target({TYPE})
@Retention(RUNTIME)
public @interface NamedEntityGraphs{
     NamedEntityGraph[] value();
}
@Target({TYPE})
@Retention(RUNTIME)
public @interface NamedEntityGraph{
     /**
      * (Optional) The name of the sub-graph.
      * Defaults to the entity name of the root entity.
      */
     String name() default "";
     /**
      * (Required) list of attributes that are included in in this 
sub-graph.
      */
     NamedAttributeNode[] attributeNodes();
     /**
      * (Optional) Lists all of the attributes of this Entity class to 
be listed in
      * the NamedEntityGraph without the need to explicitly list them.  
Included
      * attributes can still be fully specified by an attribute node 
referencing a
      * sub-graph.
      */
     boolean includeAllAttributes() default false;
     /**
      * (Optional) This is a list of sub-graphs that are included in the
      * entity graph. They  are referenced by name from NamedAttributeNode
      * definitions.
      */
     NamedSubGraph[] subGraphs() default {};
     /**
      * (Optional) This is a list of sub-graphs that will add additional 
attributes
      * for subclasses of the entity represented by this 
NamedEntityGraph to this
      * entity graph.  Specified attributes from superclasses are 
included in
      * subclasses.
      */
     NamedSubGraph[] subclassSubGraphs() default {};
}
The NamedEntityGraph annotation is applied to an Entity class that is 
defined as the root of a group of attributes, relationships and related 
entity classes.  The NamedAttributeNode annotations are embedded within 
the NamedEntityGraph metadata and define the attributes of the entity 
that are included in the grouping.  When a NamedAttributeNode represents 
an Entity or an Embedded  (including a collection-valued relationship or 
an element collection of embeddables), the referenced type's attributes 
can be included as a NamedSubGraph entry of the entity graph and 
referenced by name, creating a multi-level entity graph. If the 
sub-graph represents an entity with inheritance multiple NamedSubGraph 
entries can be made with the same name to extend the sub-graph for 
specific subclasses. The class type that is being extended is required 
in the NamedSubGraph.
/**
  * A NamedAttributeNode is a member attribute of a NamedEntityGraph.
  *
  * @see javax.persistence.NamedEntityGraph
  * @see javax.persistence.NamedSubGraph
*/
@Target({})
@Retention(RUNTIME)
public @interface NamedAttributeNode {
     /**
      * (Required) the name of the attribute that must be in the sub-graph.
      */
     String value();
     /**
      * (Optional) if this attribute references a managed type that has 
its own
      * AttributeNodes then this refers to that NamedSubGraph 
definition.  If the
      * target type has inheritance than multiple sub graphs can be 
specified.
      * These additional sub-graphs are intended to add additional 
attributes from
      * subclasses.  Superclass sub-graph entries will be merged into 
subclasses
      * sub-graphs.
      */
     String subGraph() default "";
    /**
     * (Optional) if the attribute references a Map type this can be 
used to specify
     * a subGraph for the Key in the case of an Entity key type.  A
     * keySubGraph can not be specified without the Map attribute also being
     * specified.  If the target type has inheritance than multiple 
sub-graphs can
     * be specified.  These additional sub-graphs are intended to add 
additional
     * attributes from subclasses. Superclass sub-graph entries will be 
merged
     * into subclasses sub-graphs.
     */
     String keySubGraph() default "";
}
/**
  * A NamedSubGraph is a member of a NamedEntityGraph that represents a 
managed
  * type. The NamedSubGraph is only referenced from within a 
NamedEntityGraph and
  * can not be referenced on its own. It is referenced by name from a
  * NamedAttributeNode of the NamedEntityGraph.
  *
  * @see javax.persistence.NamedEntityGraph
* @see javax.persistence.NamedAttributeNode
  */
@Target({})
@Retention(RUNTIME)
public @interface NamedSubGraph {
     /**
      * (Required) the name of the sub-graph as referenced from a
      * NamedAttributeNode.
      */
     String name();
     /**
      * (Optional) the type represented by this subgraph. Required when this
      * subgraph is extending a subclass' definition.
      */
     Class type default void.class;
     /** (Required)
      * if this NamedAttributeNode references a managed type then this 
list is
      * the attributes of that type that must be included.
      */
     NamedAttributeNode[] attributeNodes();
}
For example:
@Entity
public class Employee{
   @Id
   @GeneratedValue
   protected long id;
   @Basic
   protected String name;
   @Basic
   protected String employeeNumber;
   @OneToMany()
   protected List<Dependants> dependants;
   @OneToMany()
   protected List<Project> projects;
   @OneToMany()
   protected List<PhoneNumber> phoneNumbers;
   ...
}
@Entity
@Inheritance
public class Project{
     @Id
     @GeneratedValue
     protected long id;
     @OneToOne(fetch=FetchType.EAGER)
     protected Requirements doc;
    ...
}
@Entity
public class LargeProject extends Project{
     @OneToOne(fetch=FetchType.LAZY)
     protected Employee approver;
    ...
}
@Entity
public class Phonenumber{
     @Id
     protected String number;
     protected PhoneTypeEnum type;
    ...
}
@Entity
public class Requirements{
     @Id
     protected long id;
     @Lob
     protected String description;
     @OneToOne(fetch=FetchType.LAZY)
     protected Approval approval
    ...
}
@NamedEntityGraph(
     attributeNodes={
         @NamedAttributeNode(
             value="projects",
             subGraph="projects"
         ),
         @NamedttributeNode(name = "phoneNumbers"),
     },
     subGraphs={
         @NamedSubGraph(
             name="projects",
             attributeNodes={
                 @NamedAttributeNode("requirements")
             }
         ),
         @NamedSubGraph(
             name="projects",
             type=LargeProject.class,
             attributeNodes={
                 @NamedAttributeNode("approver")
             }
         )
     }
)
@NamedEntityGraph(
     name-"Project",
     attributeNodes={
         @NamedAttributeNode("requirements")
     },
     subclassSubGraphs={
         @NamedSubGraph(
             type=LargeProject.class,
             attributeNodes={
                 @NamedAttributeNode("approver")
             }
         )
     }
)
@NamedEntityGraph(
     name="EmployeeProjectRequirements"
     attributeNodes={
         @NamedAttributeNode(
             value="projects",
             subGraph="projects"
         ),
         @NamedttributeNode(name = "phoneNumbers"),
     },
     subGraphs={
         @NamedSubGraph(
             name="projects",
             attributeNodes={
                 @NamedAttributeNode(
                      value ="requirements",
                      subGraph="requirements"
                 )
             }
         ),
         @NamedSubGraph(
             name="requirements",
             attributeNodes={
                 @NamedAttributeNode("description"),
                 @NamedAttributeNode("approval")
             }
         )
     }
)
The entity graph could also be created dynamically through the following 
APIs:
/**
  * This type represents the root of an entity graph that will be used as a
  * template to define the attribute nodes and boundaries of a graph of 
entities and
  * entity relationships. The root must be an Entity type.
  *
  * @param <T>
  *            the type of the root entity.
  */
public interface EntityGraph<T> {
     /**
      * Returns the name of the static EntityGraph.  Will return null if the
      * EntityGraph is not a named EntityGraph.
      */
     public String getName();
     /*
      * Add an AttributeNode attribute to the entity graph.
      *
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the attribute is not an 
attribute of
      * this entity.
      * @throws IllegalStateException if this EntityGraph has been 
statically
      * defined
      */
     public <X> void addAttributeNodes(String ... attributeName);
     /*
      * Add an AttributeNode attribute to the entity graph.
      *
      * @throws IllegalStateException if this EntityGraph has been 
statically
      * defined
      */
     public <X> void addAttributeNodes(Attribute<T, X> ... attribute);
     /*
      * Used to add a node of the graph that corresponds to a managed 
type. This
      * allows for construction of multi-node Entity graphs that include 
related
      * managed types.
      *
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the attribute's target type 
is not a
      * managed type
      *
      * @throws IllegalStateException if this EntityGraph has been 
statically
      * defined
      */
     public <X> SubGraph<X> addSubGraph(Attribute<T, X> attribute);
     /**
      * Used to add a node of the graph that corresponds to a managed 
type with
      * inheritance.  This allows for multiple subclass sub-graphs to be 
defined
      * for this node of the entity graph. Subclass sub-graphs will 
include the
      * specified attributes of superclass sub-graphs
      *
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException
      *             if the attribute's target type is not a managed type
      * @throws IllegalStateException
      *             if this EntityGraph has been statically defined
      */
     public <X> SubGraph<? extends X> addSubGraph(Attribute<T, X> 
attribute, Class<? extends X> type);
     /*
      * Used to add a node of the graph that corresponds to a managed 
type. This
      * allows for construction of multi-node Entity graphs that include 
related
      * managed types.
      *
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the attribute is not an 
attribute of
      * this entity.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the attribute's target type 
is not a
      * managed type
      *
      * @throws IllegalStateException if this EntityGraph has been 
statically
      * defined
      */
     public <X> SubGraph<X> addSubGraph(String attribute);
     /**
      * Used to add a node of the graph that corresponds to a managed 
type with
      * inheritance.  This allows for multiple subclass sub-graphs to be 
defined
      * for this node of the entity graph.  Subclass sub-graphs will 
include the
      * specified attributes of superclass sub-graphs
      *
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the attribute is not an 
attribute of
      * this managed type.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException
      *             if the attribute's target type is not a managed type
      * @throws IllegalStateException
      *             if this EntityGraph has been statically defined
      */
     public <X> SubGraph<X> addSubGraph(String attribute, Class<X> type);
     /*
      * Used to add a node of the graph that corresponds to a map key 
that is a
      * managed type. This allows for construction of multi-node Entity 
graphs that
      * include related managed types.
      *
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the attribute's target type 
is not a
      * managed type entity
      *
      * @throws IllegalStateException if this EntityGraph has been 
statically
      * defined
      */
     public <X> SubGraph<X> addKeySubGraph(Attribute<T, X> attribute);
     /*
      * Used to add a node of the graph that corresponds to a map key 
that is a
      * managed type with inheritance. This allows for construction of 
multi-
      * node Entity graphs that include related managed types.  Subclass 
sub-graphs
      * will include the specified attributes of superclass sub-graphs
      *
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the attribute's target type 
is not a
      * managed type entity
      *
      * @throws IllegalStateException if this EntityGraph has been 
statically
      * defined
      */
     public <X> SubGraph<? Extends X> addKeySubGraph(Attribute<T, X> 
attribute, Class<? Extends X> type);
     /*
      * Used to add a node of the graph that corresponds to a map key 
that is a
      * managed type. This allows for construction of multi-node Entity 
graphs that
      * include related managed types.
      *
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the attribute is not an 
attribute of
      * this entity.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the attribute's target type 
is not a
      * managed type
      *
      * @throws IllegalStateException if this EntityGraph has been 
statically
      * defined
      */
     public <X> SubGraph<X> addKeySubGraph(String attribute);
     /*
      * Used to add a node of the graph that corresponds to a map key 
that is a
      * managed type with inheritance. This allows for construction of 
multi-
      * node Entity graphs that include related managed types.  Subclass 
sub-graphs
      * will include the specified attributes of superclass sub-graphs
      *
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the attribute is not an 
attribute of
      * this entity.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the attribute's target type 
is not a
      * managed type
      *
      * @throws IllegalStateException if this EntityGraph has been 
statically
      * defined
      */
     public <X> SubGraph<X> addKeySubGraph(String attribute, Class<X> type);
     /*
      * returns the attributes of this entity that are included in the 
entity
      * graph
      */
     public List<AttributeNode<?>> getAttributeNodes();
}
/**
  * Represents an AttributeNode of an entity graph.
  */
public interface AttributeNode<T> {
     /*
      * returns the Type of the AttributeNode.
      */
     public Type<T> getType();
     /*
      * returns the name of the referencing attribute.
      */
     public String getAttributeName();
}
/**
  * This type represents a AttributeNode of an EntityGraph that 
corresponds to a
  * Managed Type. Using this class an entity graph can be embedded within an
  * EntityGraph.
  *
  * @param <T>
  *            the Class type of the AttributeNode.
  */
public interface SubGraph<T> extends AttributeNode<T> {
     /**
      * Add an AttributeNode attribute to the entity graph.
      *
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the attribute is not an 
attribute of
      * this managed type.
      * @throws IllegalStateException
      *             if this EntityGraph has been statically defined
      */
     public <X> void  addAttributeNodes(String ... attributeName);
     /**
      * Add an AttributeNode attribute to the entity graph.
      *
      * @throws IllegalStateException
      *             if this EntityGraph has been statically defined
      */
     public <X> void addAttributeNodes(Attribute<T, X> ... attribute);
     /**
      * Used to add a node of the graph that corresponds to a managed 
type. This
      * allows for construction of multi-node Entity graphs that include 
related
      * managed types.
      *
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException
      *             if the attribute's target type is not a managed type
      * @throws IllegalStateException
      *             if this EntityGraph has been statically defined
      */
     public <X> SubGraph<X> addSubGraph(Attribute<T, X> attribute);
     /**
      * Used to add a node of the graph that corresponds to a managed 
type with
      * inheritance.  This allows for multiple subclass sub-graphs to be 
defined
      * for this node of the entity graph. Subclass sub-graphs will 
include the
      * specified attributes of superclass sub-graphs
      *
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException
      *             if the attribute's target type is not a managed type
      * @throws IllegalStateException
      *             if this EntityGraph has been statically defined
      */
     public <X> SubGraph<? extends X> addSubGraph(Attribute<T, X> 
attribute, Class<? extends X> type);
     /**
      * Used to add a node of the graph that corresponds to a managed 
type. This
      * allows for construction of multi-node Entity graphs that include 
related
      * managed types.
      *
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the attribute is not an 
attribute of
      * this managed type.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException
      *             if the attribute's target type is not a managed type
      * @throws IllegalStateException
      *             if this EntityGraph has been statically defined
      */
     public <X> SubGraph<X> addSubGraph(String attribute);
     /**
      * Used to add a node of the graph that corresponds to a managed 
type with
      * inheritance.  This allows for multiple subclass sub-graphs to be 
defined
      * for this node of the entity graph. Subclass sub-graphs will 
include the
      * specified attributes of superclass sub-graphs
      *
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the attribute is not an 
attribute of
      * this managed type.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException
      *             if the attribute's target type is not a managed type
      * @throws IllegalStateException
      *             if this EntityGraph has been statically defined
      */
     public <X> SubGraph<X> addSubGraph(String attribute, Class<X> type);
     /*
      * Used to add a node of the graph that corresponds to a map key 
that is a
      * managed type. This allows for construction of multi-node Entity 
graphs that
      * include related managed types.
      *
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the attribute's target type 
is not a
      * managed type entity
      *
      * @throws IllegalStateException if this EntityGraph has been 
statically
      * defined
      */
     public <X> SubGraph<X> addKeySubGraph(Attribute<T, X> attribute);
     /*
      * Used to add a node of the graph that corresponds to a map key 
that is a
      * managed type with inheritance. This allows for construction of 
multi-
      * node Entity graphs that include related managed types.  Subclass 
sub-graphs
      * will include the specified attributes of superclass sub-graphs
      *
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the attribute's target type 
is not a
      * managed type entity
      *
      * @throws IllegalStateException if this EntityGraph has been 
statically
      * defined
      */
     public <X> SubGraph<? Extends X> addKeySubGraph(Attribute<T, X> 
attribute, Class<? Extends X> type);
     /*
      * Used to add a node of the graph that corresponds to a map key 
that is a
      * managed type. This allows for construction of multi-node Entity 
graphs that
      * include related managed types.
      *
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the attribute is not an 
attribute of
      * this entity.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the attribute's target type 
is not a
      * managed type
      *
      * @throws IllegalStateException if this EntityGraph has been 
statically
      * defined
      */
     public <X> SubGraph<X> addKeySubGraph(String attribute);
     /*
      * Used to add a node of the graph that corresponds to a map key 
that is a
      * managed type with inheritance. This allows for construction of 
multi-
      * node Entity graphs that include related managed types.  Subclass 
sub-graphs
      * will include the specified attributes of superclass sub-graphs
      *
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the attribute is not an 
attribute of
      * this entity.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the attribute's target type 
is not a
      * managed type
      *
      * @throws IllegalStateException if this EntityGraph has been 
statically
      * defined
      */
     public <X> SubGraph<X> addKeySubGraph(String attribute, Class<X> type);
     /**
      * returns the attributes of this managed type that are included in the
      * sub-graph
      */
     public List<AttributeNode<?>> getAttributeNodes();
     /**
      * returns the attribute that references this sub-graph.
      /
     public <T> Attribute<T,X> getReferencingAttribute();
     /**
      * returns the type of this sub-graph if it was used to extend a 
superclass'
      * sub-graph definition.
      */
     public Class<X> getClassType();
}
public interface EntityManagerFactory {
      ...
     /**
      * returns any named EntityGraph that has been created through static
      * metadata. Returned EntityGraphs should be considered immutable.
      */
     public <T> EntityGraph<T> getEntityGraph(String graphName);
     /**
      * add a named copy of the EntityGraph to the EntityManagerFactory
      */
     public void addNamedEntityGraph(String graphName, EntityGraph 
entityGraph);
     /**
      * returns a mutable EntityGraph that can be used to dynamically 
create an
      * EntityGraph.
      */
     public <T> EntityGraph<T> createEntityGraph(Class<T> rootType);
     /**
      * returns a mutable copy of the named EntityGraph
      */
     public EntityGraph<?> createEntityGraph(String graphName);
Example:
EntityGroup employee = emf.createEntityGraph(Employee.class);
    employee.addAttributeNode("phoneNumbers");
    SubGraph projects = employee.addSubGraph("projects");
    projects.addAttributeNode("requirements");
    SubGraph largeProjects = employee.addSubGraph("projects", 
LargeProject.class);
    largeProjects.addAttributeNode("approver");
    EntityGroup employee = emf.createEntityGraph(Employee.class);
    employee.addAttributeNode("phoneNumbers");
    SubGraph requirements = employee.addSubGraph("projects")
.addSubGraph("requirements");
    requirements.addAttributeNode("description");
    requirements.addAttributeNode("approval");
Once the EntityGraph is available or has been created it can be applied 
to operations on the EntityManager or used with queries to control eager 
loading of results.
The standard property javax.persistence.fetchgraph can be used with the 
find operation or as a query hint to specify a EntityGraph that defines 
additional FetchType semantics whereby  any AttributeNode of the 
EntityGraph is treated as FetchType.EAGER and any attribute not 
specified in the EntityGraph is treated as FetchType.LAZY. The primary 
key of an entity is always retrieved even if not present in the fetch 
group.
The following characterizes the semantics of entity graphs that are used 
as fetch graphs.
A fetch graph attribute node specified within an entity graph or 
sub-graph specifies how an attribute is to be fetched.  Attributes that 
are not specified are treated as FetchType.LAZY.
The following rules apply, depending on attribute type.
A primary key attribute never needs to be specified in an attribute 
node.  (This applies to composite primary keys as well, including 
embedded id primary keys.)  When an entity is fetched, its primary key 
is always fetched.  It is not incorrect, however, to specify primary key 
attributes.
Attributes other than primary key attributes are not fetched unless the 
attribute is specified.  The following rules apply to the specification 
of attributes:
The default fetch graph for an entity or embeddable consists of the 
transitive closure of all of its attributes that are specified 
asFetchType.EAGER (or defaulted as such).
If the attribute is an embedded attribute, and the attribute is 
specified in an attribute node, but a subgraph is not specified for the 
attribute, the default fetch graph for the embeddable is fetched.  If a 
subgraph is specified for the attribute, the attributes of the 
embeddable are fetched according to their specification in the 
corresponding subgraph, and the rules of this section recursively apply.
If the attribute is an element collection of basic type, and the 
attribute is specified in an attribute node, the element collection 
together with its basic elements is fetched.
If the attribute is an element collection of embeddables, and the 
attribute is specified in an attribute node, but a subgraph is not 
specified for the attribute, the element collection together with the 
default fetch graph of its embeddable elements is fetched.  If a 
subgraph is specified for the attribute, the attributes of the 
embeddable elements will be fetched according to the corresponding 
subgraph specification, and the rules of this section recursively apply.
If the attribute is a one-to-one or many-to-one relationship, and the 
attribute is specified in an attribute node, but a subgraph is not 
specified for the attribute, the default fetch graph of the target 
entity is fetched.  If a subgraph is specified for the attribute, the 
attributes of the target entity will be fetched according to the 
corresponding subgraph specification, and the rules of this section 
recursively apply.
If the attribute is a one-to-many or many-to-many relationship, and the 
attribute is specified in an attribute node, but a subgraph is not 
specified, the collection will be fetched and the default fetch graphs 
of the referenced entities will be fetched.  If a subgraph is specified 
for the attribute, the entities in the collection will be fetched 
according to the corresponding subgraph specification, and the rules of 
this section recursively apply.
If the key of a map which has been specified in an attribute node is a 
basic type, it will always be fetched and if the key of a map which has 
been specified in an attribute node is an embedded type the default 
fetch graph will be fetched for the embeddable; otherwise, if a map key 
subgraph is not specified for the attribute node, the map key will be 
fetched according to its default fetch graph.  If a key subgraph is 
specified for the map key attribute, the map key attribute will be 
fetched according to the map key subgraph specification, and the rules 
of this section recursively apply.
So using the following entity graph:
@NamedEntityGraph(
)
used to load a Phonenumber only the id and the FKs would be retrieved.
When using the following entity graph:
@NamedEntityGraph(
     attributeNodes={
         @NamedAttributeNode("projects"),
     }
)
loading an Employee  the PKs and FKs would be retrieved and the 
"projects" attribute would be eagerly loaded.
The standard property javax.persistence.loadgraph can be used to specify 
an entity graph that defines additional FetchType semantics with any 
attribute node of the entity graph becoming FetchType.EAGER and any 
unspecified attributes remain as defined in the mapping.
The following characterizes the semantics of entity graphs that are used 
as load graphs.
A load graph attribute node specified within an entity graph or 
sub-graph specifies how an attribute is to be fetched.  Attributes that 
are not specified are treated according to their default FetchType.
The following rules apply to the specification of attributes:
A primary key attribute never needs to be specified in an attribute 
node.  (This applies to composite primary keys as well, including 
embedded id primary keys.)  When an entity is fetched, its primary key 
is always fetched.  It is not incorrect, however, to specify primary key 
attributes.
If the attribute is an embedded attribute, and the attribute is 
specified in an attribute node, but a subgraph is not specified for the 
attribute, the default fetch graph for the embeddable is fetched. If a 
subgraph is specified for the attribute, any attributes of the 
embeddable that are not further specified within the subgraph are 
treated according to their fetch type; attributes that are specified by 
the subgraph are also fetched; and the rules of this section recursively 
apply.
If the attribute is an element collection of basic type, and the 
attribute is specified in an attribute node, the element collection 
together with its basic elements is fetched.  If the attribute is an 
element collection of embeddables, and the attribute is specified in an 
attribute node, but a subgraph is not specified for the attribute, the 
element collection together with the default fetch graph of its 
embeddable elements is fetched.  If a subgraph is specified for the 
attribute, any attributes of the embeddables that are not further 
specified are treated according to their fetch type; attributes that are 
specified by the subgraph are also fetched; and the rules of this 
section recursively apply.
If the attribute is a one-to-one or many-to-one relationship, and the 
attribute is specified in an attribute node, but a subgraph is not 
specified for the attribute, the default fetch graph of the target 
entity is fetched.  If a subgraph is specified for the attribute, any 
attributes of the target entity that are not further specified are 
treated according to their fetch type; attributes that are specified by 
the subgraph are also fetched; and the rules of this section recursively 
apply.
If the attribute is a one-to-many or many-to-many relationship, and the 
attribute is specified in an attribute node, but a subgraph is not 
specified, the collection will be fetched and the default fetch graphs 
of the referenced entities will be fetched.  If a subgraph is specified 
for the attribute, any entities in the collection will be treated 
according to their fetch type; attributes that are specified by the 
subgraph are also fetched; and the rules of this section recursively apply.
If a collection-valued attribute is a map, keys that are basic or 
embeddable types will be fetched when the map is fetched; entity map key 
attributes will be fetched according to their fetch type and, if a key 
subgraph is specified, additional entity attributes are fetched as 
specified in the subgraph; and the rules of this section recursively apply.
So using the following entity graph:
@NamedEntityGraph(
)
used to load a Phonenumber only the id and the FKs would be retrieved. 
The requirements attribute would not be loaded but would be lazy.
When using the following entity graph:
@NamedEntityGraph(
     attributeNodes={
         @NamedAttributeNode("projects"),
     }
)
loading an Employee  the PKs and FKs would be retrieved and the 
"projects" attribute would be eagerly loaded.
EntityManager API
public interface EntityManager {
     /**
      * Copy the provided entity graph  using the EntityGraph as a 
template to
specify
      * the attributes that will be copied. Attributes not included in 
the entity graph will not be copied.
      *
      * @param entity
      *            entity instance
      * @param EntityGraph
      *            the entity graph template for applying copy.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException
      *             if the instance is not an entity or the EntityGraph 
root is
      *             not the same class as the entity.
      */
     public void copy(Object entity, EntityGraph entityGraph, 
Map<String,  Object> properties);
     ...
     /**
      * Merge the state of the given entity into the current persistence 
context
      * using the EntityGraph as a template for applying the merge 
operation.
      *
      *
      * @param entity
      *            entity instance
      * @param EntityGraph
      *            the entity graph template for applying merge.
      * @return the managed instance that the state was merged to
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException
      *             if instance is not an entity, is a removed entity or 
the root
      *             of the EntityGraph is not of the same type as the entity
      * @throws TransactionRequiredException
      *             if there is no transaction when invoked on a
      *             container-managed entity manager of that is of type
      * <code>PersistenceContextType.TRANSACTION</code>
      */
     public <T> T merge(T entity, EntityGraph entityGraph, Map<String, 
Object> properties);
     ...etc
}
_Merge_
When using an entity graph  in combination with the "merge" operation 
any listed attribute node will be merged and any unlisted attribute node 
will not be merged, this includes @Basic mappings.  Any attribute that 
references a Map is considered to include both the key and the value.  
If the attribute node references a sub-graph or map key sub-graph for 
the relationship target then the merge will operate on that target 
object as well with only those attributes referenced in the sub-graph 
being merged and this will apply recursively.
For example with the merge operation applied with the following entity 
graph :
@NamedEntityGraph(
     attributeNodes={
         @NamedAttributeNode("name"),
         @NamedAttributeNode(
             value="projects",
             subGraph="projects"
         ),
         @NamedAttributeNode("phoneNumbers"),
     },
     subGraphs={
         @NamedSubGraph(
             name="projects",
             attributeNodes={
                 @NamedAttributeNode("requirements")
             }
         )
     }
)
Only the name, projects and phoneNumbers attributes of the Employee will 
be merged.  The merge will be  applied to the projects but only the 
requirements attribute of the Project will be merged and the merge will 
not be  applied to the Requirement target.  The PhoneNumber target will 
not be merged.
_Copy_
A new operation "copy" is being introduced.  This operation is intended 
to be used when a user wishes to disconnect a graph of entities from a 
larger graph.  When using an entity graph  in combination with the 
"copy" operation a copy of the provided entity is created and the 
attributes of the copied entity are populated based on the attributes 
listed in the entity graph.  If an attribute node for an  attribute is 
present then the attribute will be copied.  If the attribute node 
represents an attribute that has a managed type as the target, element 
or key type then that target instance is copied as well and the copy is 
set in the new tree.  If a sub-graph is defined for the value or key 
then any attributes corresponding to the attribute nodes within the 
sub-graph will be copied as above.  If no sub-graph is defined for the 
attribute node then no attributes of the target are copied.
For example with the copy operation applied with the following entity 
graph :
@NamedEntityGraph(
     attributeNodes={
         @NamedAttributeNode("name"),
         @NamedAttributeNode(
             value="projects",
             subGraph="projects"
         ),
         @NamedAttributeNode("phoneNumbers"),
     },
     subGraphs={
         @NamedSubGraph(
             name="projects",
             attributeNodes={
                 @NamedAttributeNode("requirements")
             }
         )
     }
)
When applied to an Employee instance a new copy of the Employee will be 
created and the "name" , "phoneNumbers" and "projects" attributes will 
be copied over.  For each PhoneNumber in the phoneNumbers list a new 
copy of the PhoneNumber will be created and used but no attributes will 
be copied.  For each Project in the projects list a new copy of the 
Project will be created and used and only the requirements attribute 
will be copied.  For each Requirement in the requirements list a new 
copy of the Requirement will be created but no attributes will be copied.