# Class RandomAccessFile

java.lang.Object
java.io.RandomAccessFile

All Implemented Interfaces:
  `Closeable, DataInput, DataOutput, AutoCloseable`

public class RandomAccessFile extends Object implements DataOutput, DataInput, Closeable
Instances of this class support both reading and writing to a random access file. A random access file behaves like a large array of bytes stored in the file system. There is a kind of cursor, or index into the implied array, called the file pointer; input operations read bytes starting at the file pointer and advance the file pointer past the bytes read. If the random access file is created in read/write mode, then output operations are also available; output operations write bytes starting at the file pointer and advance the file pointer past the bytes written. Output operations that write past the current end of the implied array cause the array to be extended. The file pointer can be read by the `getFilePointer` method and set by the `seek` method.

It is generally true of all the reading routines in this class that if end-of-file is reached before the desired number of bytes has been read, an `EOFException` (which is a kind of `IOException`) is thrown. If any byte cannot be read for any reason other than end-of-file, an `IOException` other than `EOFException` is thrown. In particular, an `IOException` may be thrown if the stream has been closed.

Since:
  1.0

- ## Constructor Summary

  Constructors
  Constructor
  Description
  `RandomAccessFile(File file, String mode)`
  Creates a random access file stream to read from, and optionally to write to, the file specified by the `File` argument.
  `RandomAccessFile(String pathname, String mode)`
  Creates a random access file stream to read from, and optionally to write to, a file with the specified pathname.

- ## Method Summary

  Modifier and Type
  Method
  Description
  `void`
  `close()`
  Closes this random access file stream and releases any system resources associated with the stream.
  `final FileChannel`
  `getChannel()`
  Returns the unique `FileChannel` object associated with this file.
  `final FileDescriptor`
  `getFD()`
  Returns the opaque file descriptor object associated with this stream.
  `long`
  `getFilePointer()`
  Returns the current offset in this file.
  `long`
  `length()`
  Returns the length of this file.
  `int`
  `read()`
  Reads a byte of data from this file.
  `int`
  `read(byte[] b)`
  Reads up to `b.length` bytes of data from this file into an array of bytes.
  `int`
  `read(byte[] b, int off, int len)`
  Reads up to `len` bytes of data from this file into an array of bytes.
  `final boolean`
  `readBoolean()`
  Reads a `boolean` from this file.
  `final byte`
  `readByte()`
  Reads a signed eight-bit value from this file.
  `final char`
  `readChar()`
  Reads a character from this file.
  `final double`
  `readDouble()`
  Reads a `double` from this file.
  `final float`
  `readFloat()`
  Reads a `float` from this file.
  `final void`
  `readFully(byte[] b)`
  Reads `b.length` bytes from this file into the byte array, starting at the current file pointer.
  `final void`
  `readFully(byte[] b, int off, int len)`
  Reads exactly `len` bytes from this file into the byte array, starting at the current file pointer.
  `final int`
  `readInt()`
  Reads a signed 32-bit integer from this file.
  `final String`
  `readLine()`
  Reads the next line of text from this file.
  `final long`
  `readLong()`
  Reads a signed 64-bit integer from this file.
  `final short`
  `readShort()`
  Reads a signed 16-bit number from this file.
  `final int`
  `readUnsignedByte()`
  Reads an unsigned eight-bit number from this file.
  `final int`
  `readUnsignedShort()`
  Reads an unsigned 16-bit number from this file.
  `final String`
  `readUTF()`
  Reads in a string from this file.
  `void`
  `seek(long pos)`
  Sets the file-pointer offset, measured from the beginning of this file, at which the next read or write occurs.
  `void`
  `setLength(long newLength)`
  Sets the length of this file.
  `int`
  `skipBytes(int n)`
  Attempts to skip over `n` bytes of input discarding the skipped bytes.
  `void`
  `write(byte[] b)`
  Writes `b.length` bytes from the specified byte array to this file, starting at the current file pointer.
  `void`
  `write(byte[] b, int off, int len)`
  Writes `len` bytes from the specified byte array starting at offset `off` to this file.
  `void`
  `write(int b)`
  Writes the specified byte to this file.
  `final void`
  `writeBoolean(boolean v)`
  Writes a `boolean` to the file as a one-byte value.
  `final void`
  `writeByte(int v)`
  Writes a `byte` to the file as a one-byte value.
  `final void`
  `writeBytes(String s)`
  Writes the string to the file as a sequence of bytes.
  `final void`
  `writeChar(int v)`
  Writes a `char` to the file as a two-byte value, high byte first.
  `final void`
  `writeChars(String s)`
  Writes a string to the file as a sequence of characters.
  `final void`
  `writeDouble(double v)`
  Converts the double argument to a `long` using the `doubleToLongBits` method in class `Double`, and then writes that `long` value to the file as an eight-byte quantity, high byte first.
  `final void`
  `writeFloat(float v)`
  Converts the float argument to an `int` using the `floatToIntBits` method in class `Float`, and then writes that `int` value to the file as a four-byte quantity, high byte first.
  `final void`
  `writeInt(int v)`
  Writes an `int` to the file as four bytes, high byte first.
  `final void`
  `writeLong(long v)`
  Writes a `long` to the file as eight bytes, high byte first.
  `final void`
  `writeShort(int v)`
  Writes a `short` to the file as two bytes, high byte first.
  `final void`
  `writeUTF(String str)`
  Writes a string to the file using modified UTF-8 encoding in a machine-independent manner.

  ### Methods declared in class Object

  `clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`
  Modifier and Type
  Method
  Description
  `protected Object`
  `clone()`
  Creates and returns a copy of this object.
  `boolean`
  `equals(Object obj)`
  Indicates whether some other object is "equal to" this one.
  `protected void`
  `finalize()`
  Deprecated, for removal: This API element is subject to removal in a future version.
  Finalization is deprecated and subject to removal in a future release.
  `final Class<?>`
  `getClass()`
  Returns the runtime class of this `Object`.
  `int`
  `hashCode()`
  Returns a hash code value for this object.
  `final void`
  `notify()`
  Wakes up a single thread that is waiting on this object's monitor.
  `final void`
  `notifyAll()`
  Wakes up all threads that are waiting on this object's monitor.
  `String`
  `toString()`
  Returns a string representation of the object.
  `final void`
  `wait()`
  Causes the current thread to wait until it is awakened, typically by being notified or interrupted.
  `final void`
  `wait(long timeoutMillis)`
  Causes the current thread to wait until it is awakened, typically by being notified or interrupted, or until a certain amount of real time has elapsed.
  `final void`
  `wait(long timeoutMillis, int nanos)`
  Causes the current thread to wait until it is awakened, typically by being notified or interrupted, or until a certain amount of real time has elapsed.

- ## Constructor Details

  - ### RandomAccessFile

    public RandomAccessFile(String pathname, String mode) throws FileNotFoundException
    Creates a random access file stream to read from, and optionally to write to, a file with the specified pathname. If the file exists it is opened; if it does not exist and write mode is specified, a new file is created. Symbolic links are automatically redirected to the target of the link. A new `FileDescriptor` object is created to represent the connection to the file.

    The `mode` argument specifies the access mode with which the file is to be opened. The permitted values and their meanings are as specified for the `RandomAccessFile(File,String)` constructor.

    Parameters:
      `pathname` - the system-dependent pathname string
      `mode` - the access mode
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the mode argument is not equal to one of `"r"`, `"rw"`, `"rws"`, or `"rwd"`
      `FileNotFoundException` - if the mode is `"r"` but the given pathname string does not denote an existing regular file, or if the mode begins with `"rw"` but the given pathname string does not denote an existing, writable regular file and a new regular file of that pathname cannot be created, or if some other error occurs while opening or creating the file

  - ### RandomAccessFile

    public RandomAccessFile(File file, String mode) throws FileNotFoundException
    Creates a random access file stream to read from, and optionally to write to, the file specified by the `File` argument. If the file exists it is opened; if it does not exist and write mode is specified, a new file is created. Symbolic links are automatically redirected to the target of the link. A new `FileDescriptor` object is created to represent the connection to the file.

    The `mode` argument specifies the access mode in which the file is to be opened. The permitted values and their meanings are:

    Access mode permitted values and meanings
    Value | Meaning
    --- | ---
    `"r"` | Open for reading only. Invoking any of the `write` methods of the resulting object will cause an `IOException` to be thrown.
    `"rw"` | Open for reading and writing. If the file does not already exist then an attempt will be made to create it.
    `"rws"` | Open for reading and writing, as with `"rw"`, and also require that every update to the file's content or metadata be written synchronously to the underlying storage device.
    `"rwd"` | Open for reading and writing, as with `"rw"`, and also require that every update to the file's content be written synchronously to the underlying storage device.

    The `"rws"` and `"rwd"` modes work much like the `force(boolean)` method of the `FileChannel` class, passing arguments of `true` and `false`, respectively, except that they always apply to every I/O operation and are therefore often more efficient. If the file resides on a local storage device then when an invocation of a method of this class returns it is guaranteed that all changes made to the file by that invocation will have been written to that device. This is useful for ensuring that critical information is not lost in the event of a system crash. If the file does not reside on a local device then no such guarantee is made.

    The `"rwd"` mode can be used to reduce the number of I/O operations performed. Using `"rwd"` only requires updates to the file's content to be written to storage; using `"rws"` requires updates to both the file's content and its metadata to be written, which generally requires at least one more low-level I/O operation.

    Parameters:
      `file` - the file object
      `mode` - the access mode, as described above
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the mode argument is not equal to one of `"r"`, `"rw"`, `"rws"`, or `"rwd"`
      `FileNotFoundException` - if the mode is `"r"` but the given file object does not denote an existing regular file, or if the mode begins with `"rw"` but the given file object does not denote an existing, writable regular file and a new regular file of that pathname cannot be created, or if some other error occurs while opening or creating the file
    See Also:
      - `FileChannel.force(boolean)`

- ## Method Details

  - ### getFD

    public final FileDescriptor getFD() throws IOException
    Returns the opaque file descriptor object associated with this stream.
    Returns:
      the file descriptor object associated with this stream.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs.
    See Also:
      - `FileDescriptor`

  - ### getChannel

    public final FileChannel getChannel()
    Returns the unique `FileChannel` object associated with this file.

    The `position` of the returned channel will always be equal to this object's file-pointer offset as returned by the `getFilePointer` method. Changing this object's file-pointer offset, whether explicitly or by reading or writing bytes, will change the position of the channel, and vice versa. Changing the file's length via this object will change the length seen via the file channel, and vice versa.

    Returns:
      the file channel associated with this file
    Since:
      1.4

  - ### read

    public int read() throws IOException
    Reads a byte of data from this file. The byte is returned as an integer in the range 0 to 255 (`0x00-0x0ff`). This method blocks if no input is yet available.

    Although `RandomAccessFile` is not a subclass of `InputStream`, this method behaves in exactly the same way as the `InputStream.read()` method of `InputStream`.

    Returns:
      the next byte of data, or `-1` if the end of the file has been reached.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs. Not thrown if end-of-file has been reached.

  - ### read

    public int read(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException
    Reads up to `len` bytes of data from this file into an array of bytes. This method blocks until at least one byte of input is available.

    Although `RandomAccessFile` is not a subclass of `InputStream`, this method behaves in exactly the same way as the `InputStream.read(byte[], int, int)` method of `InputStream`.

    Parameters:
      `b` - the buffer into which the data is read.
      `off` - the start offset in array `b` at which the data is written.
      `len` - the maximum number of bytes read.
    Returns:
      the total number of bytes read into the buffer, or `-1` if there is no more data because the end of the file has been reached.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - If the first byte cannot be read for any reason other than end of file, or if the random access file has been closed, or if some other I/O error occurs.
      `NullPointerException` - If `b` is `null`.
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - If `off` is negative, `len` is negative, or `len` is greater than `b.length - off`

  - ### read

    public int read(byte[] b) throws IOException
    Reads up to `b.length` bytes of data from this file into an array of bytes. This method blocks until at least one byte of input is available.

    Although `RandomAccessFile` is not a subclass of `InputStream`, this method behaves in exactly the same way as the `InputStream.read(byte[])` method of `InputStream`.

    Parameters:
      `b` - the buffer into which the data is read.
    Returns:
      the total number of bytes read into the buffer, or `-1` if there is no more data because the end of this file has been reached.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - If the first byte cannot be read for any reason other than end of file, or if the random access file has been closed, or if some other I/O error occurs.
      `NullPointerException` - If `b` is `null`.

  - ### readFully

    public final void readFully(byte[] b) throws IOException
    Reads `b.length` bytes from this file into the byte array, starting at the current file pointer. This method reads repeatedly from the file until the requested number of bytes are read. This method blocks until the requested number of bytes are read, the end of the stream is detected, or an exception is thrown.
    Specified by:
      `readFully` in interface `DataInput`
    Parameters:
      `b` - the buffer into which the data is read.
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if `b` is `null`.
      `EOFException` - if this file reaches the end before reading all the bytes.
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs.

  - ### readFully

    public final void readFully(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException
    Reads exactly `len` bytes from this file into the byte array, starting at the current file pointer. This method reads repeatedly from the file until the requested number of bytes are read. This method blocks until the requested number of bytes are read, the end of the stream is detected, or an exception is thrown.
    Specified by:
      `readFully` in interface `DataInput`
    Parameters:
      `b` - the buffer into which the data is read.
      `off` - the start offset into the data array `b`.
      `len` - the number of bytes to read.
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if `b` is `null`.
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if `off` is negative, `len` is negative, or `len` is greater than `b.length - off`.
      `EOFException` - if this file reaches the end before reading all the bytes.
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs.

  - ### skipBytes

    public int skipBytes(int n) throws IOException
    Attempts to skip over `n` bytes of input discarding the skipped bytes.

    This method may skip over some smaller number of bytes, possibly zero. This may result from any of a number of conditions; reaching end of file before `n` bytes have been skipped is only one possibility. This method never throws an `EOFException`. The actual number of bytes skipped is returned. If `n` is negative, no bytes are skipped.

    Specified by:
      `skipBytes` in interface `DataInput`
    Parameters:
      `n` - the number of bytes to be skipped.
    Returns:
      the actual number of bytes skipped.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs.

  - ### write

    public void write(int b) throws IOException
    Writes the specified byte to this file. The write starts at the current file pointer.
    Specified by:
      `write` in interface `DataOutput`
    Parameters:
      `b` - the `byte` to be written.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs.

  - ### write

    public void write(byte[] b) throws IOException
    Writes `b.length` bytes from the specified byte array to this file, starting at the current file pointer.
    Specified by:
      `write` in interface `DataOutput`
    Parameters:
      `b` - the data.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs.

  - ### write

    public void write(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException
    Writes `len` bytes from the specified byte array starting at offset `off` to this file.
    Specified by:
      `write` in interface `DataOutput`
    Parameters:
      `b` - the data.
      `off` - the start offset in the data.
      `len` - the number of bytes to write.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs.
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - If `off` is negative, `len` is negative, or `len` is greater than `b.length - off`

  - ### getFilePointer

    public long getFilePointer() throws IOException
    Returns the current offset in this file.
    Returns:
      the offset from the beginning of the file, in bytes, at which the next read or write occurs.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs.

  - ### seek

    public void seek(long pos) throws IOException
    Sets the file-pointer offset, measured from the beginning of this file, at which the next read or write occurs. The offset may be set beyond the end of the file. Setting the offset beyond the end of the file does not change the file length. The file length will change only by writing after the offset has been set beyond the end of the file.
    Parameters:
      `pos` - the offset position, measured in bytes from the beginning of the file, at which to set the file pointer.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if `pos` is less than `0` or if an I/O error occurs.

  - ### length

    public long length() throws IOException
    Returns the length of this file.
    Returns:
      the length of this file, measured in bytes.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs.

  - ### setLength

    public void setLength(long newLength) throws IOException
    Sets the length of this file.

    If the present length of the file as returned by the length method is greater than the desired length of the file specified by the `newLength` argument, then the file will be truncated.

    If the present length of the file is smaller than the desired length, then the file will be extended. The contents of the extended portion of the file are not defined.

    If the present length of the file is equal to the desired length, then the file and its length will be unchanged.

    In all cases, after this method returns, the file offset as returned by the getFilePointer method will equal the minimum of the desired length and the file offset before this method was called, even if the length is unchanged. In other words, this method constrains the file offset to the closed interval `[0,newLength]`.

    Parameters:
      `newLength` - The desired length of the file
    Throws:
      `IOException` - If the argument is negative or if some other I/O error occurs
    Since:
      1.2

  - ### close

    public void close() throws IOException
    Closes this random access file stream and releases any system resources associated with the stream. A closed random access file cannot perform input or output operations and cannot be reopened.

    If this file has an associated channel then the channel is closed as well.

    Specified by:
      `close` in interface `AutoCloseable`
    Specified by:
      `close` in interface `Closeable`
    API Note:
      If this stream has an associated channel then this method will close the channel, which in turn will close this stream. Subclasses that override this method should be prepared to handle possible reentrant invocation.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs.

  - ### readBoolean

    public final boolean readBoolean() throws IOException
    Reads a `boolean` from this file. This method reads a single byte from the file, starting at the current file pointer. A value of `0` represents `false`. Any other value represents `true`. This method blocks until the byte is read, the end of the stream is detected, or an exception is thrown.
    Specified by:
      `readBoolean` in interface `DataInput`
    Returns:
      the `boolean` value read.
    Throws:
      `EOFException` - if this file has reached the end.
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs.

  - ### readByte

    public final byte readByte() throws IOException
    Reads a signed eight-bit value from this file. This method reads a byte from the file, starting from the current file pointer. If the byte read is `b`, where `0 <= b <= 255`, then the result is:

            (byte)(b)

    This method blocks until the byte is read, the end of the stream is detected, or an exception is thrown.

    Specified by:
      `readByte` in interface `DataInput`
    Returns:
      the next byte of this file as a signed eight-bit `byte`.
    Throws:
      `EOFException` - if this file has reached the end.
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs.

  - ### readUnsignedByte

    public final int readUnsignedByte() throws IOException
    Reads an unsigned eight-bit number from this file. This method reads a byte from this file, starting at the current file pointer, and returns that byte.

    This method blocks until the byte is read, the end of the stream is detected, or an exception is thrown.

    Specified by:
      `readUnsignedByte` in interface `DataInput`
    Returns:
      the next byte of this file, interpreted as an unsigned eight-bit number.
    Throws:
      `EOFException` - if this file has reached the end.
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs.

  - ### readShort

    public final short readShort() throws IOException
    Reads a signed 16-bit number from this file. The method reads two bytes from this file, starting at the current file pointer. If the two bytes read, in order, are `b1` and `b2`, where each of the two values is between `0` and `255`, inclusive, then the result is equal to:

            (short)((b1 << 8) | b2)

    This method blocks until the two bytes are read, the end of the stream is detected, or an exception is thrown.

    Specified by:
      `readShort` in interface `DataInput`
    Returns:
      the next two bytes of this file, interpreted as a signed 16-bit number.
    Throws:
      `EOFException` - if this file reaches the end before reading two bytes.
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs.

  - ### readUnsignedShort

    public final int readUnsignedShort() throws IOException
    Reads an unsigned 16-bit number from this file. This method reads two bytes from the file, starting at the current file pointer. If the bytes read, in order, are `b1` and `b2`, where `0 <= b1, b2 <= 255`, then the result is equal to:

            (b1 << 8) | b2

    This method blocks until the two bytes are read, the end of the stream is detected, or an exception is thrown.

    Specified by:
      `readUnsignedShort` in interface `DataInput`
    Returns:
      the next two bytes of this file, interpreted as an unsigned 16-bit integer.
    Throws:
      `EOFException` - if this file reaches the end before reading two bytes.
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs.

  - ### readChar

    public final char readChar() throws IOException
    Reads a character from this file. This method reads two bytes from the file, starting at the current file pointer. If the bytes read, in order, are `b1` and `b2`, where `0 <= b1, b2 <= 255`, then the result is equal to:

            (char)((b1 << 8) | b2)

    This method blocks until the two bytes are read, the end of the stream is detected, or an exception is thrown.

    Specified by:
      `readChar` in interface `DataInput`
    Returns:
      the next two bytes of this file, interpreted as a `char`.
    Throws:
      `EOFException` - if this file reaches the end before reading two bytes.
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs.

  - ### readInt

    public final int readInt() throws IOException
    Reads a signed 32-bit integer from this file. This method reads 4 bytes from the file, starting at the current file pointer. If the bytes read, in order, are `b1`, `b2`, `b3`, and `b4`, where `0 <= b1, b2, b3, b4 <= 255`, then the result is equal to:

            (b1 << 24) | (b2 << 16) + (b3 << 8) + b4

    This method blocks until the four bytes are read, the end of the stream is detected, or an exception is thrown.

    Specified by:
      `readInt` in interface `DataInput`
    Returns:
      the next four bytes of this file, interpreted as an `int`.
    Throws:
      `EOFException` - if this file reaches the end before reading four bytes.
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs.

  - ### readLong

    public final long readLong() throws IOException
    Reads a signed 64-bit integer from this file. This method reads eight bytes from the file, starting at the current file pointer. If the bytes read, in order, are `b1`, `b2`, `b3`, `b4`, `b5`, `b6`, `b7`, and `b8,` where:

            0 <= b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8 <= 255

    then the result is equal to:

            ((long)b1 << 56) + ((long)b2 << 48)
                + ((long)b3 << 40) + ((long)b4 << 32)
                + ((long)b5 << 24) + ((long)b6 << 16)
                + ((long)b7 << 8) + b8

    This method blocks until the eight bytes are read, the end of the stream is detected, or an exception is thrown.

    Specified by:
      `readLong` in interface `DataInput`
    Returns:
      the next eight bytes of this file, interpreted as a `long`.
    Throws:
      `EOFException` - if this file reaches the end before reading eight bytes.
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs.

  - ### readFloat

    public final float readFloat() throws IOException
    Reads a `float` from this file. This method reads an `int` value, starting at the current file pointer, as if by the `readInt` method and then converts that `int` to a `float` using the `intBitsToFloat` method in class `Float`.

    This method blocks until the four bytes are read, the end of the stream is detected, or an exception is thrown.

    Specified by:
      `readFloat` in interface `DataInput`
    Returns:
      the next four bytes of this file, interpreted as a `float`.
    Throws:
      `EOFException` - if this file reaches the end before reading four bytes.
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs.
    See Also:
      - `readInt()`
      - `Float.intBitsToFloat(int)`

  - ### readDouble

    public final double readDouble() throws IOException
    Reads a `double` from this file. This method reads a `long` value, starting at the current file pointer, as if by the `readLong` method and then converts that `long` to a `double` using the `longBitsToDouble` method in class `Double`.

    This method blocks until the eight bytes are read, the end of the stream is detected, or an exception is thrown.

    Specified by:
      `readDouble` in interface `DataInput`
    Returns:
      the next eight bytes of this file, interpreted as a `double`.
    Throws:
      `EOFException` - if this file reaches the end before reading eight bytes.
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs.
    See Also:
      - `readLong()`
      - `Double.longBitsToDouble(long)`

  - ### readLine

    public final String readLine() throws IOException
    Reads the next line of text from this file. This method successively reads bytes from the file, starting at the current file pointer, until it reaches a line terminator or the end of the file. Each byte is converted into a character by taking the byte's value for the lower eight bits of the character and setting the high eight bits of the character to zero. This method does not, therefore, support the full Unicode character set.

    A line of text is terminated by a carriage-return character (`'\r'`), a newline character (`'\n'`), a carriage-return character immediately followed by a newline character, or the end of the file. Line-terminating characters are discarded and are not included as part of the string returned.

    This method blocks until a newline character is read, a carriage return and the byte following it are read (to see if it is a newline), the end of the file is reached, or an exception is thrown.

    Specified by:
      `readLine` in interface `DataInput`
    Returns:
      the next line of text from this file, or null if end of file is encountered before even one byte is read.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs.

  - ### readUTF

    public final String readUTF() throws IOException
    Reads in a string from this file. The string has been encoded using a modified UTF-8 format.

    The first two bytes are read, starting from the current file pointer, as if by `readUnsignedShort`. This value gives the number of following bytes that are in the encoded string, not the length of the resulting string. The following bytes are then interpreted as bytes encoding characters in the modified UTF-8 format and are converted into characters.

    This method blocks until all the bytes are read, the end of the stream is detected, or an exception is thrown.

    Specified by:
      `readUTF` in interface `DataInput`
    Returns:
      a Unicode string.
    Throws:
      `EOFException` - if this file reaches the end before reading all the bytes.
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs.
      `UTFDataFormatException` - if the bytes do not represent valid modified UTF-8 encoding of a Unicode string.
    See Also:
      - `readUnsignedShort()`

  - ### writeBoolean

    public final void writeBoolean(boolean v) throws IOException
    Writes a `boolean` to the file as a one-byte value. The value `true` is written out as the value `(byte)1`; the value `false` is written out as the value `(byte)0`. The write starts at the current position of the file pointer.
    Specified by:
      `writeBoolean` in interface `DataOutput`
    Parameters:
      `v` - a `boolean` value to be written.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs.

  - ### writeByte

    public final void writeByte(int v) throws IOException
    Writes a `byte` to the file as a one-byte value. The write starts at the current position of the file pointer.
    Specified by:
      `writeByte` in interface `DataOutput`
    Parameters:
      `v` - a `byte` value to be written.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs.

  - ### writeShort

    public final void writeShort(int v) throws IOException
    Writes a `short` to the file as two bytes, high byte first. The write starts at the current position of the file pointer.
    Specified by:
      `writeShort` in interface `DataOutput`
    Parameters:
      `v` - a `short` to be written.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs.

  - ### writeChar

    public final void writeChar(int v) throws IOException
    Writes a `char` to the file as a two-byte value, high byte first. The write starts at the current position of the file pointer.
    Specified by:
      `writeChar` in interface `DataOutput`
    Parameters:
      `v` - a `char` value to be written.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs.

  - ### writeInt

    public final void writeInt(int v) throws IOException
    Writes an `int` to the file as four bytes, high byte first. The write starts at the current position of the file pointer.
    Specified by:
      `writeInt` in interface `DataOutput`
    Parameters:
      `v` - an `int` to be written.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs.

  - ### writeLong

    public final void writeLong(long v) throws IOException
    Writes a `long` to the file as eight bytes, high byte first. The write starts at the current position of the file pointer.
    Specified by:
      `writeLong` in interface `DataOutput`
    Parameters:
      `v` - a `long` to be written.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs.

  - ### writeFloat

    public final void writeFloat(float v) throws IOException
    Converts the float argument to an `int` using the `floatToIntBits` method in class `Float`, and then writes that `int` value to the file as a four-byte quantity, high byte first. The write starts at the current position of the file pointer.
    Specified by:
      `writeFloat` in interface `DataOutput`
    Parameters:
      `v` - a `float` value to be written.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs.
    See Also:
      - `Float.floatToIntBits(float)`

  - ### writeDouble

    public final void writeDouble(double v) throws IOException
    Converts the double argument to a `long` using the `doubleToLongBits` method in class `Double`, and then writes that `long` value to the file as an eight-byte quantity, high byte first. The write starts at the current position of the file pointer.
    Specified by:
      `writeDouble` in interface `DataOutput`
    Parameters:
      `v` - a `double` value to be written.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs.
    See Also:
      - `Double.doubleToLongBits(double)`

  - ### writeBytes

    public final void writeBytes(String s) throws IOException
    Writes the string to the file as a sequence of bytes. Each character in the string is written out, in sequence, by discarding its high eight bits. The write starts at the current position of the file pointer.
    Specified by:
      `writeBytes` in interface `DataOutput`
    Parameters:
      `s` - a string of bytes to be written.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs.

  - ### writeChars

    public final void writeChars(String s) throws IOException
    Writes a string to the file as a sequence of characters. Each character is written to the data output stream as if by the `writeChar` method. The write starts at the current position of the file pointer.
    Specified by:
      `writeChars` in interface `DataOutput`
    Parameters:
      `s` - a `String` value to be written.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs.
    See Also:
      - `writeChar(int)`

  - ### writeUTF

    public final void writeUTF(String str) throws IOException
    Writes a string to the file using modified UTF-8 encoding in a machine-independent manner.

    First, two bytes are written to the file, starting at the current file pointer, as if by the `writeShort` method giving the number of bytes to follow. This value is the number of bytes actually written out, not the length of the string. Following the length, each character of the string is output, in sequence, using the modified UTF-8 encoding for each character.

    Specified by:
      `writeUTF` in interface `DataOutput`
    Parameters:
      `str` - a string to be written.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs.