# Class BufferedReader

java.lang.Object
java.io.Reader
java.io.BufferedReader

All Implemented Interfaces:
  `Closeable, AutoCloseable, Readable`

Direct Known Subclasses:
  `LineNumberReader`

public class BufferedReader extends Reader
Reads text from a character-input stream, buffering characters so as to provide for the efficient reading of characters, arrays, and lines.

The buffer size may be specified, or the default size may be used. The default is large enough for most purposes.

In general, each read request made of a Reader causes a corresponding read request to be made of the underlying character or byte stream. It is therefore advisable to wrap a `BufferedReader` around any `Reader` whose `read()` operations may be costly, such as `FileReader`s and `InputStreamReader`s. For example,

        BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("foo.in"));

will buffer the input from the specified file. Without buffering, each invocation of `read()` or `readLine()` could cause bytes to be read from the file, converted into characters, and then returned, which can be very inefficient.

Programs that use `DataInputStream`s for textual input can be localized by replacing each `DataInputStream` with an appropriate `BufferedReader`.

API Note:
  Once wrapped in a `BufferedReader`, the underlying `Reader` should not be used directly nor wrapped with another reader.
Since:
  1.1
See Also:
  - `FileReader`
  - `InputStreamReader`
  - `Files.newBufferedReader(Path, Charset)`

- ## Field Summary

  ### Fields declared in class Reader

  `lock`
  Modifier and Type
  Field
  Description
  `protected Object`
  `lock`
  The object used to synchronize operations on this stream.

- ## Constructor Summary

  Constructors
  Constructor
  Description
  `BufferedReader(Reader in)`
  Creates a buffering character-input stream that uses a default-sized input buffer.
  `BufferedReader(Reader in, int sz)`
  Creates a buffering character-input stream that uses an input buffer of the specified size.

- ## Method Summary

  Modifier and Type
  Method
  Description
  `void`
  `close()`
  Closes the stream and releases any system resources associated with it.
  `Stream<String>`
  `lines()`
  Returns a `Stream`, the elements of which are lines read from this `BufferedReader`.
  `void`
  `mark(int readAheadLimit)`
  Marks the present position in the stream.
  `boolean`
  `markSupported()`
  Tells whether this stream supports the mark() operation, which it does.
  `int`
  `read()`
  Reads a single character.
  `int`
  `read(char[] cbuf, int off, int len)`
  Reads characters into a portion of an array.
  `String`
  `readLine()`
  Reads a line of text.
  `boolean`
  `ready()`
  Tells whether this stream is ready to be read.
  `void`
  `reset()`
  Resets the stream to the most recent mark.

  ### Methods declared in class Reader

  `nullReader, of, read, read, readAllAsString, readAllLines, skip, transferTo`
  Modifier and Type
  Method
  Description
  `static Reader`
  `nullReader()`
  Returns a new `Reader` that reads no characters.
  `static Reader`
  `of(CharSequence cs)`
  Returns a `Reader` that reads characters from a `CharSequence`.
  `int`
  `read(char[] cbuf)`
  Reads characters into an array.
  `int`
  `read(CharBuffer target)`
  Attempts to read characters into the specified character buffer.
  `String`
  `readAllAsString()`
  Reads all remaining characters into a string.
  `List<String>`
  `readAllLines()`
  Reads all remaining characters as lines of text.
  `long`
  `skip(long n)`
  Skips characters.
  `long`
  `transferTo(Writer out)`
  Reads all characters from this reader and writes the characters to the given writer in the order that they are read.

  ### Methods declared in class Object

  `clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`
  Modifier and Type
  Method
  Description
  `protected Object`
  `clone()`
  Creates and returns a copy of this object.
  `boolean`
  `equals(Object obj)`
  Indicates whether some other object is "equal to" this one.
  `protected void`
  `finalize()`
  Deprecated, for removal: This API element is subject to removal in a future version.
  Finalization is deprecated and subject to removal in a future release.
  `final Class<?>`
  `getClass()`
  Returns the runtime class of this `Object`.
  `int`
  `hashCode()`
  Returns a hash code value for this object.
  `final void`
  `notify()`
  Wakes up a single thread that is waiting on this object's monitor.
  `final void`
  `notifyAll()`
  Wakes up all threads that are waiting on this object's monitor.
  `String`
  `toString()`
  Returns a string representation of the object.
  `final void`
  `wait()`
  Causes the current thread to wait until it is awakened, typically by being notified or interrupted.
  `final void`
  `wait(long timeoutMillis)`
  Causes the current thread to wait until it is awakened, typically by being notified or interrupted, or until a certain amount of real time has elapsed.
  `final void`
  `wait(long timeoutMillis, int nanos)`
  Causes the current thread to wait until it is awakened, typically by being notified or interrupted, or until a certain amount of real time has elapsed.

- ## Constructor Details

  - ### BufferedReader

    public BufferedReader(Reader in, int sz)
    Creates a buffering character-input stream that uses an input buffer of the specified size.
    Parameters:
      `in` - A Reader
      `sz` - Input-buffer size
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - If `sz <= 0`

  - ### BufferedReader

    public BufferedReader(Reader in)
    Creates a buffering character-input stream that uses a default-sized input buffer.
    Parameters:
      `in` - A Reader

- ## Method Details

  - ### read

    public int read() throws IOException
    Reads a single character.
    Overrides:
      `read` in class `Reader`
    Returns:
      The character read, as an integer in the range 0 to 65535 (`0x00-0xffff`), or -1 if the end of the stream has been reached
    Throws:
      `IOException` - If an I/O error occurs

  - ### read

    public int read(char[] cbuf, int off, int len) throws IOException
    Reads characters into a portion of an array.

    This method implements the general contract of the corresponding `read` method of the `Reader` class. As an additional convenience, it attempts to read as many characters as possible by repeatedly invoking the `read` method of the underlying stream. This iterated `read` continues until one of the following conditions becomes true:

    - The specified number of characters have been read,
    - The `read` method of the underlying stream returns `-1`, indicating end-of-file, or
    - The `ready` method of the underlying stream returns `false`, indicating that further input requests would block.
    If the first `read` on the underlying stream returns `-1` to indicate end-of-file then this method returns `-1`. Otherwise this method returns the number of characters actually read.

    Subclasses of this class are encouraged, but not required, to attempt to read as many characters as possible in the same fashion.

    Ordinarily this method takes characters from this stream's character buffer, filling it from the underlying stream as necessary. If, however, the buffer is empty, the mark is not valid, and the requested length is at least as large as the buffer, then this method will read characters directly from the underlying stream into the given array. Thus redundant `BufferedReader`s will not copy data unnecessarily.

    Specified by:
      `read` in class `Reader`
    Parameters:
      `cbuf` - Destination buffer
      `off` - Offset at which to start storing characters
      `len` - Maximum number of characters to read
    Returns:
      The number of characters read, or -1 if the end of the stream has been reached
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - If `off` is negative, or `len` is negative, or `len` is greater than `cbuf.length - off`
      `IOException` - If an I/O error occurs

  - ### readLine

    public String readLine() throws IOException
    Reads a line of text. A line is considered to be terminated by any one of a line feed ('\n'), a carriage return ('\r'), a carriage return followed immediately by a line feed, or by reaching the end-of-file (EOF).
    Returns:
      A String containing the contents of the line, not including any line-termination characters, or null if the end of the stream has been reached without reading any characters
    Throws:
      `IOException` - If an I/O error occurs
    See Also:
      - `Files.readAllLines(Path, Charset)`

  - ### ready

    public boolean ready() throws IOException
    Tells whether this stream is ready to be read. A buffered character stream is ready if the buffer is not empty, or if the underlying character stream is ready.
    Overrides:
      `ready` in class `Reader`
    Returns:
      True if the next read() is guaranteed not to block for input, false otherwise. Note that returning false does not guarantee that the next read will block.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - If an I/O error occurs

  - ### markSupported

    public boolean markSupported()
    Tells whether this stream supports the mark() operation, which it does.
    Overrides:
      `markSupported` in class `Reader`
    Returns:
      true if and only if this stream supports the mark operation.

  - ### mark

    public void mark(int readAheadLimit) throws IOException
    Marks the present position in the stream. Subsequent calls to reset() will attempt to reposition the stream to this point.
    Overrides:
      `mark` in class `Reader`
    Parameters:
      `readAheadLimit` - Limit on the number of characters that may be read while still preserving the mark. An attempt to reset the stream after reading characters up to this limit or beyond may fail. A limit value larger than the size of the input buffer will cause a new buffer to be allocated whose size is no smaller than limit. Therefore large values should be used with care.
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - If `readAheadLimit < 0`
      `IOException` - If an I/O error occurs

  - ### reset

    public void reset() throws IOException
    Resets the stream to the most recent mark.
    Overrides:
      `reset` in class `Reader`
    Throws:
      `IOException` - If the stream has never been marked, or if the mark has been invalidated

  - ### close

    public void close() throws IOException
    Description copied from class: `Reader`
    Closes the stream and releases any system resources associated with it. Once the stream has been closed, further read(), ready(), mark(), reset(), or skip() invocations will throw an IOException. Closing a previously closed stream has no effect.
    Specified by:
      `close` in interface `AutoCloseable`
    Specified by:
      `close` in interface `Closeable`
    Specified by:
      `close` in class `Reader`
    Throws:
      `IOException` - If an I/O error occurs

  - ### lines

    public Stream<String> lines()
    Returns a `Stream`, the elements of which are lines read from this `BufferedReader`. The `Stream` is lazily populated, i.e., read only occurs during the terminal stream operation.

    The reader must not be operated on during the execution of the terminal stream operation. Otherwise, the result of the terminal stream operation is undefined.

    After execution of the terminal stream operation there are no guarantees that the reader will be at a specific position from which to read the next character or line.

    If an `IOException` is thrown when accessing the underlying `BufferedReader`, it is wrapped in an `UncheckedIOException` which will be thrown from the `Stream` method that caused the read to take place. This method will return a Stream if invoked on a BufferedReader that is closed. Any operation on that stream that requires reading from the BufferedReader after it is closed, will cause an UncheckedIOException to be thrown.

    Returns:
      a `Stream<String>` providing the lines of text described by this `BufferedReader`
    Since:
      1.8