# Class Socket

java.lang.Object
java.net.Socket

All Implemented Interfaces:
  `Closeable, AutoCloseable`

Direct Known Subclasses:
  `SSLSocket`

public class Socket extends Object implements Closeable
This class implements client sockets (also called just "sockets"). A socket is an endpoint for communication between two machines.

The actual work of the socket is performed by an instance of the `SocketImpl` class.

The `Socket` class defines convenience methods to set and get several socket options. This class also defines the `setOption` and `getOption` methods to set and query socket options. A `Socket` support the following options:

> Socket options
> Option Name | Description
> --- | ---
> `SO_SNDBUF` | The size of the socket send buffer
> `SO_RCVBUF` | The size of the socket receive buffer
> `SO_KEEPALIVE` | Keep connection alive
> `SO_REUSEADDR` | Re-use address
> `SO_LINGER` | Linger on close if data is present (when configured in blocking mode only)
> `TCP_NODELAY` | Disable the Nagle algorithm

Additional (implementation specific) options may also be supported.

Since:
  1.0
See Also:
  - `SocketImpl`
  - `SocketChannel`

- ## Constructor Summary

  Constructors
  Modifier
  Constructor
  Description
  ``
  `Socket()`
  Creates an unconnected Socket.
  ``
  `Socket(String host, int port)`
  Creates a stream socket and connects it to the specified port number on the named host.
  ``
  `Socket(String host, int port, boolean stream)`
  Deprecated, for removal: This API element is subject to removal in a future version.
  The `stream` parameter provided a way in early JDK releases to create a `Socket` that used a datagram socket.
  ``
  `Socket(String host, int port, InetAddress localAddr, int localPort)`
  Creates a socket and connects it to the specified remote host on the specified remote port.
  ``
  `Socket(InetAddress address, int port)`
  Creates a stream socket and connects it to the specified port number at the specified IP address.
  ``
  `Socket(InetAddress host, int port, boolean stream)`
  Deprecated, for removal: This API element is subject to removal in a future version.
  The `stream` parameter provided a way in early JDK releases to create a `Socket` that used a datagram socket.
  ``
  `Socket(InetAddress address, int port, InetAddress localAddr, int localPort)`
  Creates a socket and connects it to the specified remote address on the specified remote port.
  ``
  `Socket(Proxy proxy)`
  Creates an unconnected socket, specifying the type of proxy, if any, that should be used regardless of any other settings.
  `protected`
  `Socket(SocketImpl impl)`
  Creates an unconnected Socket with a user-specified SocketImpl.

- ## Method Summary

  Modifier and Type
  Method
  Description
  `void`
  `bind(SocketAddress bindpoint)`
  Binds the socket to a local address.
  `void`
  `close()`
  Closes this socket.
  `void`
  `connect(SocketAddress endpoint)`
  Connects this socket to the server.
  `void`
  `connect(SocketAddress endpoint, int timeout)`
  Connects this socket to the server with a specified timeout value.
  `SocketChannel`
  `getChannel()`
  Returns the unique `SocketChannel` object associated with this socket, if any.
  `InetAddress`
  `getInetAddress()`
  Returns the address to which the socket is connected.
  `InputStream`
  `getInputStream()`
  Returns an input stream for this socket.
  `boolean`
  `getKeepAlive()`
  Tests if `SO_KEEPALIVE` is enabled.
  `InetAddress`
  `getLocalAddress()`
  Gets the local address to which the socket is bound.
  `int`
  `getLocalPort()`
  Returns the local port number to which this socket is bound.
  `SocketAddress`
  `getLocalSocketAddress()`
  Returns the address of the endpoint this socket is bound to.
  `boolean`
  `getOOBInline()`
  Tests if `SO_OOBINLINE` is enabled.
  `<T> T`
  `getOption(SocketOption<T> name)`
  Returns the value of a socket option.
  `OutputStream`
  `getOutputStream()`
  Returns an output stream for this socket.
  `int`
  `getPort()`
  Returns the remote port number to which this socket is connected.
  `int`
  `getReceiveBufferSize()`
  Gets the value of the `SO_RCVBUF` option for this `Socket`, that is the buffer size used by the platform for input on this `Socket`.
  `SocketAddress`
  `getRemoteSocketAddress()`
  Returns the address of the endpoint this socket is connected to, or `null` if it is unconnected.
  `boolean`
  `getReuseAddress()`
  Tests if `SO_REUSEADDR` is enabled.
  `int`
  `getSendBufferSize()`
  Get value of the `SO_SNDBUF` option for this `Socket`, that is the buffer size used by the platform for output on this `Socket`.
  `int`
  `getSoLinger()`
  Returns setting for `SO_LINGER`. -1 returns implies that the option is disabled.
  `int`
  `getSoTimeout()`
  Returns setting for `SO_TIMEOUT`. 0 returns implies that the option is disabled (i.e., timeout of infinity).
  `boolean`
  `getTcpNoDelay()`
  Tests if `TCP_NODELAY` is enabled.
  `int`
  `getTrafficClass()`
  Gets traffic class or type-of-service in the IP header for packets sent from this Socket
  `boolean`
  `isBound()`
  Returns the binding state of the socket.
  `boolean`
  `isClosed()`
  Returns the closed state of the socket.
  `boolean`
  `isConnected()`
  Returns the connection state of the socket.
  `boolean`
  `isInputShutdown()`
  Returns whether the read-half of the socket connection is closed.
  `boolean`
  `isOutputShutdown()`
  Returns whether the write-half of the socket connection is closed.
  `void`
  `sendUrgentData(int data)`
  Send one byte of urgent data on the socket.
  `void`
  `setKeepAlive(boolean on)`
  Enable/disable `SO_KEEPALIVE`.
  `void`
  `setOOBInline(boolean on)`
  Enable/disable `SO_OOBINLINE` (receipt of TCP urgent data) By default, this option is disabled and TCP urgent data received on a socket is silently discarded.
  `<T> Socket`
  `setOption(SocketOption<T> name, T value)`
  Sets the value of a socket option.
  `void`
  `setPerformancePreferences(int connectionTime, int latency, int bandwidth)`
  Deprecated, for removal: This API element is subject to removal in a future version.
  This method was intended to allow for protocols that are now obsolete.
  `void`
  `setReceiveBufferSize(int size)`
  Sets the `SO_RCVBUF` option to the specified value for this `Socket`.
  `void`
  `setReuseAddress(boolean on)`
  Enable/disable the `SO_REUSEADDR` socket option.
  `void`
  `setSendBufferSize(int size)`
  Sets the `SO_SNDBUF` option to the specified value for this `Socket`.
  `static void`
  `setSocketImplFactory(SocketImplFactory fac)`
  Deprecated.
  Use a `SocketFactory` and subclass `Socket` directly.
  `void`
  `setSoLinger(boolean on, int linger)`
  Enable/disable `SO_LINGER` with the specified linger time in seconds.
  `void`
  `setSoTimeout(int timeout)`
  Enable/disable `SO_TIMEOUT` with the specified timeout, in milliseconds.
  `void`
  `setTcpNoDelay(boolean on)`
  Enable/disable `TCP_NODELAY` (disable/enable Nagle's algorithm).
  `void`
  `setTrafficClass(int tc)`
  Sets traffic class or type-of-service octet in the IP header for packets sent from this Socket.
  `void`
  `shutdownInput()`
  Places the input stream for this socket at "end of stream".
  `void`
  `shutdownOutput()`
  Disables the output stream for this socket.
  `Set<SocketOption<?>>`
  `supportedOptions()`
  Returns a set of the socket options supported by this socket.
  `String`
  `toString()`
  Converts this socket to a `String`.

  ### Methods declared in class Object

  `clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait`
  Modifier and Type
  Method
  Description
  `protected Object`
  `clone()`
  Creates and returns a copy of this object.
  `boolean`
  `equals(Object obj)`
  Indicates whether some other object is "equal to" this one.
  `protected void`
  `finalize()`
  Deprecated, for removal: This API element is subject to removal in a future version.
  Finalization is deprecated and subject to removal in a future release.
  `final Class<?>`
  `getClass()`
  Returns the runtime class of this `Object`.
  `int`
  `hashCode()`
  Returns a hash code value for this object.
  `final void`
  `notify()`
  Wakes up a single thread that is waiting on this object's monitor.
  `final void`
  `notifyAll()`
  Wakes up all threads that are waiting on this object's monitor.
  `final void`
  `wait()`
  Causes the current thread to wait until it is awakened, typically by being notified or interrupted.
  `final void`
  `wait(long timeoutMillis)`
  Causes the current thread to wait until it is awakened, typically by being notified or interrupted, or until a certain amount of real time has elapsed.
  `final void`
  `wait(long timeoutMillis, int nanos)`
  Causes the current thread to wait until it is awakened, typically by being notified or interrupted, or until a certain amount of real time has elapsed.

- ## Constructor Details

  - ### Socket

    public Socket()
    Creates an unconnected Socket.

    If the application has specified a client socket implementation factory, that factory's createSocketImpl method is called to create the actual socket implementation. Otherwise a system-default socket implementation is created.

    Since:
      1.1

  - ### Socket

    public Socket(Proxy proxy)
    Creates an unconnected socket, specifying the type of proxy, if any, that should be used regardless of any other settings.

    Examples:

    - `Socket s = new Socket(Proxy.NO_PROXY);` will create a plain socket ignoring any other proxy configuration.
    - `Socket s = new Socket(new Proxy(Proxy.Type.SOCKS, new InetSocketAddress("socks.mydom.com", 1080)));` will create a socket connecting through the specified SOCKS proxy server.
    Parameters:
      `proxy` - a `Proxy` object specifying what kind of proxying should be used.
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the proxy is of an invalid type or `null`.
    Since:
      1.5
    See Also:
      - `ProxySelector`
      - `Proxy`

  - ### Socket

    protected Socket(SocketImpl impl) throws SocketException
    Creates an unconnected Socket with a user-specified SocketImpl.
    Parameters:
      `impl` - an instance of a SocketImpl the subclass wishes to use on the Socket.
    Throws:
      `SocketException` - if there is an error in the underlying protocol, such as a TCP error.
    Since:
      1.1

  - ### Socket

    public Socket(String host, int port) throws UnknownHostException, IOException
    Creates a stream socket and connects it to the specified port number on the named host.

    If the specified host is `null` it is the equivalent of specifying the address as `InetAddress.getByName``(null)`. In other words, it is equivalent to specifying an address of the loopback interface.

    If the application has specified a client socket implementation factory, that factory's createSocketImpl method is called to create the actual socket implementation. Otherwise a system-default socket implementation is created.

    Parameters:
      `host` - the host name, or `null` for the loopback address.
      `port` - the port number.
    Throws:
      `UnknownHostException` - if the IP address of the host could not be determined.
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs when creating the socket.
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the port parameter is outside the specified range of valid port values, which is between 0 and 65535, inclusive.

  - ### Socket

    public Socket(InetAddress address, int port) throws IOException
    Creates a stream socket and connects it to the specified port number at the specified IP address.

    If the application has specified a client socket implementation factory, that factory's createSocketImpl method is called to create the actual socket implementation. Otherwise a system-default socket implementation is created.

    Parameters:
      `address` - the IP address.
      `port` - the port number.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs when creating the socket.
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the port parameter is outside the specified range of valid port values, which is between 0 and 65535, inclusive.
      `NullPointerException` - if `address` is null.

  - ### Socket

    public Socket(String host, int port, InetAddress localAddr, int localPort) throws IOException
    Creates a socket and connects it to the specified remote host on the specified remote port. The Socket will also bind() to the local address and port supplied.

    If the specified host is `null` it is the equivalent of specifying the address as `InetAddress.getByName``(null)`. In other words, it is equivalent to specifying an address of the loopback interface.

    A local port number of `zero` will let the system pick up a free port in the `bind` operation.

    Parameters:
      `host` - the name of the remote host, or `null` for the loopback address.
      `port` - the remote port
      `localAddr` - the local address the socket is bound to, or `null` for the `anyLocal` address.
      `localPort` - the local port the socket is bound to, or `zero` for a system selected free port.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs when creating the socket.
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the port parameter or localPort parameter is outside the specified range of valid port values, which is between 0 and 65535, inclusive.
    Since:
      1.1

  - ### Socket

    public Socket(InetAddress address, int port, InetAddress localAddr, int localPort) throws IOException
    Creates a socket and connects it to the specified remote address on the specified remote port. The Socket will also bind() to the local address and port supplied.

    If the specified local address is `null` it is the equivalent of specifying the address as the AnyLocal address (see `InetAddress.isAnyLocalAddress``()`).

    A local port number of `zero` will let the system pick up a free port in the `bind` operation.

    Parameters:
      `address` - the remote address
      `port` - the remote port
      `localAddr` - the local address the socket is bound to, or `null` for the `anyLocal` address.
      `localPort` - the local port the socket is bound to or `zero` for a system selected free port.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs when creating the socket.
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the port parameter or localPort parameter is outside the specified range of valid port values, which is between 0 and 65535, inclusive.
      `NullPointerException` - if `address` is null.
    Since:
      1.1

  - ### Socket

    @Deprecated(forRemoval=true, since="1.1") public Socket(String host, int port, boolean stream) throws IOException
    Deprecated, for removal: This API element is subject to removal in a future version.
    The `stream` parameter provided a way in early JDK releases to create a `Socket` that used a datagram socket. This feature no longer exists. Instead use `DatagramSocket` for datagram sockets.
    Creates a stream socket and connects it to the specified port number on the named host.

    If the specified host is `null` it is the equivalent of specifying the address as `InetAddress.getByName``(null)`. In other words, it is equivalent to specifying an address of the loopback interface.

    If the application has specified a client socket implementation factory, that factory's createSocketImpl method is called to create the actual socket implementation. Otherwise a system-default socket implementation is created.

    Parameters:
      `host` - the host name, or `null` for the loopback address.
      `port` - the port number.
      `stream` - must be true, false is not allowed.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs when creating the socket.
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the stream parameter is `false` or if the port parameter is outside the specified range of valid port values, which is between 0 and 65535, inclusive.

  - ### Socket

    @Deprecated(forRemoval=true, since="1.1") public Socket(InetAddress host, int port, boolean stream) throws IOException
    Deprecated, for removal: This API element is subject to removal in a future version.
    The `stream` parameter provided a way in early JDK releases to create a `Socket` that used a datagram socket. This feature no longer exists. Instead use `DatagramSocket` for datagram sockets.
    Creates a socket and connects it to the specified port number at the specified IP address.

    If the application has specified a client socket implementation factory, that factory's createSocketImpl method is called to create the actual socket implementation. Otherwise a system-default socket implementation is created.

    Parameters:
      `host` - the IP address.
      `port` - the port number.
      `stream` - must be true, false is not allowed.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs when creating the socket.
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the stream parameter is `false` or if the port parameter is outside the specified range of valid port values, which is between 0 and 65535, inclusive.
      `NullPointerException` - if `host` is null.

- ## Method Details

  - ### connect

    public void connect(SocketAddress endpoint) throws IOException
    Connects this socket to the server.

    If the connection cannot be established, then the socket is closed, and an `IOException` is thrown.

    This method is interruptible in the following circumstances:

    1. The socket is associated with a `SocketChannel`. In that case, interrupting a thread establishing a connection will close the underlying channel and cause this method to throw `ClosedByInterruptException` with the thread's interrupted status set.
    2. The socket uses the system-default socket implementation and a virtual thread is establishing a connection. In that case, interrupting the virtual thread will cause it to wakeup and close the socket. This method will then throw `SocketException` with the thread's interrupted status set.
    Parameters:
      `endpoint` - the `SocketAddress`
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an error occurs during the connection, the socket is already connected or the socket is closed
      `UnknownHostException` - if the connection could not be established because the endpoint is an unresolved `InetSocketAddress`
      `IllegalBlockingModeException` - if this socket has an associated channel, and the channel is in non-blocking mode
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if endpoint is null or is a SocketAddress subclass not supported by this socket
    Since:
      1.4

  - ### connect

    public void connect(SocketAddress endpoint, int timeout) throws IOException
    Connects this socket to the server with a specified timeout value. A timeout of zero is interpreted as an infinite timeout. The connection will then block until established or an error occurs.

    If the connection cannot be established, or the timeout expires before the connection is established, then the socket is closed, and an `IOException` is thrown.

    This method is interruptible in the following circumstances:

    1. The socket is associated with a `SocketChannel`. In that case, interrupting a thread establishing a connection will close the underlying channel and cause this method to throw `ClosedByInterruptException` with the thread's interrupted status set.
    2. The socket uses the system-default socket implementation and a virtual thread is establishing a connection. In that case, interrupting the virtual thread will cause it to wakeup and close the socket. This method will then throw `SocketException` with the thread's interrupted status set.
    API Note:
      Establishing a TCP/IP connection is subject to connect timeout settings in the operating system. The typical operating system timeout is in the range of tens of seconds to minutes. If the operating system timeout expires before the `timeout` specified to this method then an `IOException` is thrown. The `timeout` specified to this method is typically a timeout value that is shorter than the operating system timeout.
    Parameters:
      `endpoint` - the `SocketAddress`
      `timeout` - the timeout value to be used in milliseconds.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an error occurs during the connection, the socket is already connected or the socket is closed
      `SocketTimeoutException` - if timeout expires before connecting
      `UnknownHostException` - if the connection could not be established because the endpoint is an unresolved `InetSocketAddress`
      `IllegalBlockingModeException` - if this socket has an associated channel, and the channel is in non-blocking mode
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if endpoint is null or is a SocketAddress subclass not supported by this socket, or if `timeout` is negative
    Since:
      1.4

  - ### bind

    public void bind(SocketAddress bindpoint) throws IOException
    Binds the socket to a local address.

    If the address is `null`, then the system will pick up an ephemeral port and a valid local address to bind the socket.

    Parameters:
      `bindpoint` - the `SocketAddress` to bind to
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if the bind operation fails, the socket is already bound or the socket is closed.
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if bindpoint is a SocketAddress subclass not supported by this socket
    Since:
      1.4
    See Also:
      - `isBound()`

  - ### getInetAddress

    public InetAddress getInetAddress()
    Returns the address to which the socket is connected.

    If the socket was connected prior to being `closed`, then this method will continue to return the connected address after the socket is closed.

    Returns:
      the remote IP address to which this socket is connected, or `null` if the socket is not connected.

  - ### getLocalAddress

    public InetAddress getLocalAddress()
    Gets the local address to which the socket is bound.
    Returns:
      the local address to which the socket is bound, or the wildcard address if the socket is closed or not bound yet.
    Since:
      1.1

  - ### getPort

    public int getPort()
    Returns the remote port number to which this socket is connected.

    If the socket was connected prior to being `closed`, then this method will continue to return the connected port number after the socket is closed.

    Returns:
      the remote port number to which this socket is connected, or 0 if the socket is not connected yet.

  - ### getLocalPort

    public int getLocalPort()
    Returns the local port number to which this socket is bound.

    If the socket was bound prior to being `closed`, then this method will continue to return the local port number after the socket is closed.

    Returns:
      the local port number to which this socket is bound or -1 if the socket is not bound yet.

  - ### getRemoteSocketAddress

    public SocketAddress getRemoteSocketAddress()
    Returns the address of the endpoint this socket is connected to, or `null` if it is unconnected.

    If the socket was connected prior to being `closed`, then this method will continue to return the connected address after the socket is closed.

    Returns:
      a `SocketAddress` representing the remote endpoint of this socket, or `null` if it is not connected yet.
    Since:
      1.4
    See Also:
      - `getInetAddress()`
      - `getPort()`
      - `connect(SocketAddress, int)`
      - `connect(SocketAddress)`

  - ### getLocalSocketAddress

    public SocketAddress getLocalSocketAddress()
    Returns the address of the endpoint this socket is bound to.

    If a socket bound to an endpoint represented by an `InetSocketAddress` is `closed`, then this method will continue to return an `InetSocketAddress` after the socket is closed. In that case the returned `InetSocketAddress`'s address is the `wildcard` address and its port is the local port that it was bound to.

    Returns:
      a `SocketAddress` representing the local endpoint of this socket, or `null` if the socket is not bound yet.
    Since:
      1.4
    See Also:
      - `getLocalAddress()`
      - `getLocalPort()`
      - `bind(SocketAddress)`

  - ### getChannel

    public SocketChannel getChannel()
    Returns the unique `SocketChannel` object associated with this socket, if any.

    A socket will have a channel if, and only if, the channel itself was created via the `SocketChannel.open` or `ServerSocketChannel.accept` methods.

    Returns:
      the socket channel associated with this socket, or `null` if this socket was not created for a channel
    Since:
      1.4

  - ### getInputStream

    public InputStream getInputStream() throws IOException
    Returns an input stream for this socket.

    If this socket has an associated channel then the resulting input stream delegates all of its operations to the channel. If the channel is in non-blocking mode then the input stream's `read` operations will throw an `IllegalBlockingModeException`.

    Reading from the input stream is interruptible in the following circumstances:

    1. The socket is associated with a `SocketChannel`. In that case, interrupting a thread reading from the input stream will close the underlying channel and cause the read method to throw `ClosedByInterruptException` with the thread's interrupted status set.
    2. The socket uses the system-default socket implementation and a virtual thread is reading from the input stream. In that case, interrupting the virtual thread will cause it to wakeup and close the socket. The read method will then throw `SocketException` with the thread's interrupted status set.

    Under abnormal conditions the underlying connection may be broken by the remote host or the network software (for example a connection reset in the case of TCP connections). When a broken connection is detected by the network software the following applies to the returned input stream :-

    - The network software may discard bytes that are buffered by the socket. Bytes that aren't discarded by the network software can be read using `read`.

    - If there are no bytes buffered on the socket, or all buffered bytes have been consumed by `read`, then all subsequent calls to `read` will throw an `IOException`.

    - If there are no bytes buffered on the socket, and the socket has not been closed using `close`, then `available` will return `0`.

    Closing the returned `InputStream` will close the associated socket.

    Returns:
      an input stream for reading bytes from this socket.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs when creating the input stream, the socket is closed, the socket is not connected, or the socket input has been shutdown using `shutdownInput()`

  - ### getOutputStream

    public OutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException
    Returns an output stream for this socket.

    If this socket has an associated channel then the resulting output stream delegates all of its operations to the channel. If the channel is in non-blocking mode then the output stream's `write` operations will throw an `IllegalBlockingModeException`.

    Writing to the output stream is interruptible in the following circumstances:

    1. The socket is associated with a `SocketChannel`. In that case, interrupting a thread writing to the output stream will close the underlying channel and cause the write method to throw `ClosedByInterruptException` with the thread's interrupted status set.
    2. The socket uses the system-default socket implementation and a virtual thread is writing to the output stream. In that case, interrupting the virtual thread will cause it to wakeup and close the socket. The write method will then throw `SocketException` with the thread's interrupted status set.

    Closing the returned `OutputStream` will close the associated socket.

    Returns:
      an output stream for writing bytes to this socket.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs when creating the output stream, the socket is not connected or the socket is closed.

  - ### setTcpNoDelay

    public void setTcpNoDelay(boolean on) throws SocketException
    Enable/disable `TCP_NODELAY` (disable/enable Nagle's algorithm).
    Parameters:
      `on` - `true` to enable `TCP_NODELAY`, `false` to disable.
    Throws:
      `SocketException` - if there is an error in the underlying protocol, such as a TCP error, or the socket is closed.
    Since:
      1.1
    See Also:
      - `getTcpNoDelay()`

  - ### getTcpNoDelay

    public boolean getTcpNoDelay() throws SocketException
    Tests if `TCP_NODELAY` is enabled.
    Returns:
      a `boolean` indicating whether or not `TCP_NODELAY` is enabled.
    Throws:
      `SocketException` - if there is an error in the underlying protocol, such as a TCP error, or the socket is closed.
    Since:
      1.1
    See Also:
      - `setTcpNoDelay(boolean)`

  - ### setSoLinger

    public void setSoLinger(boolean on, int linger) throws SocketException
    Enable/disable `SO_LINGER` with the specified linger time in seconds. The maximum timeout value is platform specific. The setting only affects socket close.
    Parameters:
      `on` - whether or not to linger on.
      `linger` - how long to linger for, if on is true.
    Throws:
      `SocketException` - if there is an error in the underlying protocol, such as a TCP error, or the socket is closed.
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the linger value is negative.
    Since:
      1.1
    See Also:
      - `getSoLinger()`

  - ### getSoLinger

    public int getSoLinger() throws SocketException
    Returns setting for `SO_LINGER`. -1 returns implies that the option is disabled. The setting only affects socket close.
    Returns:
      the setting for `SO_LINGER`.
    Throws:
      `SocketException` - if there is an error in the underlying protocol, such as a TCP error, or the socket is closed.
    Since:
      1.1
    See Also:
      - `setSoLinger(boolean, int)`

  - ### sendUrgentData

    public void sendUrgentData(int data) throws IOException
    Send one byte of urgent data on the socket. The byte to be sent is the lowest eight bits of the data parameter. The urgent byte is sent after any preceding writes to the socket OutputStream and before any future writes to the OutputStream.
    Parameters:
      `data` - The byte of data to send
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if there is an error sending the data.
    Since:
      1.4

  - ### setOOBInline

    public void setOOBInline(boolean on) throws SocketException
    Enable/disable `SO_OOBINLINE` (receipt of TCP urgent data) By default, this option is disabled and TCP urgent data received on a socket is silently discarded. If the user wishes to receive urgent data, then this option must be enabled. When enabled, urgent data is received inline with normal data.

    Note, only limited support is provided for handling incoming urgent data. In particular, no notification of incoming urgent data is provided and there is no capability to distinguish between normal data and urgent data unless provided by a higher level protocol.

    Parameters:
      `on` - `true` to enable `SO_OOBINLINE`, `false` to disable.
    Throws:
      `SocketException` - if there is an error in the underlying protocol, such as a TCP error, or the socket is closed.
    Since:
      1.4
    See Also:
      - `getOOBInline()`

  - ### getOOBInline

    public boolean getOOBInline() throws SocketException
    Tests if `SO_OOBINLINE` is enabled.
    Returns:
      a `boolean` indicating whether or not `SO_OOBINLINE` is enabled.
    Throws:
      `SocketException` - if there is an error in the underlying protocol, such as a TCP error, or the socket is closed.
    Since:
      1.4
    See Also:
      - `setOOBInline(boolean)`

  - ### setSoTimeout

    public void setSoTimeout(int timeout) throws SocketException
    Enable/disable `SO_TIMEOUT` with the specified timeout, in milliseconds. With this option set to a positive timeout value, a read() call on the InputStream associated with this Socket will block for only this amount of time. If the timeout expires, a java.net.SocketTimeoutException is raised, though the Socket is still valid. A timeout of zero is interpreted as an infinite timeout. The option must be enabled prior to entering the blocking operation to have effect.
    Parameters:
      `timeout` - the specified timeout, in milliseconds.
    Throws:
      `SocketException` - if there is an error in the underlying protocol, such as a TCP error, or the socket is closed.
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if `timeout` is negative
    Since:
      1.1
    See Also:
      - `getSoTimeout()`

  - ### getSoTimeout

    public int getSoTimeout() throws SocketException
    Returns setting for `SO_TIMEOUT`. 0 returns implies that the option is disabled (i.e., timeout of infinity).
    Returns:
      the setting for `SO_TIMEOUT`
    Throws:
      `SocketException` - if there is an error in the underlying protocol, such as a TCP error, or the socket is closed.
    Since:
      1.1
    See Also:
      - `setSoTimeout(int)`

  - ### setSendBufferSize

    public void setSendBufferSize(int size) throws SocketException
    Sets the `SO_SNDBUF` option to the specified value for this `Socket`. The `SO_SNDBUF` option is used by the platform's networking code as a hint for the size to set the underlying network I/O buffers.

    Because `SO_SNDBUF` is a hint, applications that want to verify what size the buffers were set to should call `getSendBufferSize()`.

    Parameters:
      `size` - the size to which to set the send buffer size. This value must be greater than 0.
    Throws:
      `SocketException` - if there is an error in the underlying protocol, such as a TCP error, or the socket is closed.
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the value is 0 or is negative.
    Since:
      1.2
    See Also:
      - `getSendBufferSize()`

  - ### getSendBufferSize

    public int getSendBufferSize() throws SocketException
    Get value of the `SO_SNDBUF` option for this `Socket`, that is the buffer size used by the platform for output on this `Socket`.
    Returns:
      the value of the `SO_SNDBUF` option for this `Socket`.
    Throws:
      `SocketException` - if there is an error in the underlying protocol, such as a TCP error, or the socket is closed.
    Since:
      1.2
    See Also:
      - `setSendBufferSize(int)`

  - ### setReceiveBufferSize

    public void setReceiveBufferSize(int size) throws SocketException
    Sets the `SO_RCVBUF` option to the specified value for this `Socket`. The `SO_RCVBUF` option is used by the platform's networking code as a hint for the size to set the underlying network I/O buffers.

    Increasing the receive buffer size can increase the performance of network I/O for high-volume connection, while decreasing it can help reduce the backlog of incoming data.

    Because `SO_RCVBUF` is a hint, applications that want to verify what size the buffers were set to should call `getReceiveBufferSize()`.

    The value of `SO_RCVBUF` is also used to set the TCP receive window that is advertised to the remote peer. Generally, the window size can be modified at any time when a socket is connected. However, if a receive window larger than 64K is required then this must be requested before the socket is connected to the remote peer. There are two cases to be aware of:

    1. For sockets accepted from a ServerSocket, this must be done by calling `ServerSocket.setReceiveBufferSize(int)` before the ServerSocket is bound to a local address.
    2. For client sockets, setReceiveBufferSize() must be called before connecting the socket to its remote peer.
    Parameters:
      `size` - the size to which to set the receive buffer size. This value must be greater than 0.
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the value is 0 or is negative.
      `SocketException` - if there is an error in the underlying protocol, such as a TCP error, or the socket is closed.
    Since:
      1.2
    See Also:
      - `getReceiveBufferSize()`
      - `ServerSocket.setReceiveBufferSize(int)`

  - ### getReceiveBufferSize

    public int getReceiveBufferSize() throws SocketException
    Gets the value of the `SO_RCVBUF` option for this `Socket`, that is the buffer size used by the platform for input on this `Socket`.
    Returns:
      the value of the `SO_RCVBUF` option for this `Socket`.
    Throws:
      `SocketException` - if there is an error in the underlying protocol, such as a TCP error, or the socket is closed.
    Since:
      1.2
    See Also:
      - `setReceiveBufferSize(int)`

  - ### setKeepAlive

    public void setKeepAlive(boolean on) throws SocketException
    Enable/disable `SO_KEEPALIVE`.
    Parameters:
      `on` - whether or not to have socket keep alive turned on.
    Throws:
      `SocketException` - if there is an error in the underlying protocol, such as a TCP error, or the socket is closed.
    Since:
      1.3
    See Also:
      - `getKeepAlive()`

  - ### getKeepAlive

    public boolean getKeepAlive() throws SocketException
    Tests if `SO_KEEPALIVE` is enabled.
    Returns:
      a `boolean` indicating whether or not `SO_KEEPALIVE` is enabled.
    Throws:
      `SocketException` - if there is an error in the underlying protocol, such as a TCP error, or the socket is closed.
    Since:
      1.3
    See Also:
      - `setKeepAlive(boolean)`

  - ### setTrafficClass

    public void setTrafficClass(int tc) throws SocketException
    Sets traffic class or type-of-service octet in the IP header for packets sent from this Socket. As the underlying network implementation may ignore this value applications should consider it a hint.

    The tc must be in the range `0 <= tc <= 255` or an IllegalArgumentException will be thrown.

    Notes:

    For Internet Protocol v4 the value consists of an `integer`, the least significant 8 bits of which represent the value of the TOS octet in IP packets sent by the socket. RFC 1349 defines the TOS values as follows:

    - `IPTOS_LOWCOST (0x02)`
    - `IPTOS_RELIABILITY (0x04)`
    - `IPTOS_THROUGHPUT (0x08)`
    - `IPTOS_LOWDELAY (0x10)`
    The last low order bit is always ignored as this corresponds to the MBZ (must be zero) bit.

    Setting bits in the precedence field may result in a SocketException indicating that the operation is not permitted.

    As RFC 1122 section 4.2.4.2 indicates, a compliant TCP implementation should, but is not required to, let application change the TOS field during the lifetime of a connection. So whether the type-of-service field can be changed after the TCP connection has been established depends on the implementation in the underlying platform. Applications should not assume that they can change the TOS field after the connection.

    For Internet Protocol v6 `tc` is the value that would be placed into the sin6_flowinfo field of the IP header.

    Parameters:
      `tc` - an `int` value for the bitset.
    Throws:
      `SocketException` - if there is an error setting the traffic class or type-of-service, or the socket is closed.
    Since:
      1.4
    See Also:
      - `getTrafficClass()`
      - `StandardSocketOptions.IP_TOS`

  - ### getTrafficClass

    public int getTrafficClass() throws SocketException
    Gets traffic class or type-of-service in the IP header for packets sent from this Socket

    As the underlying network implementation may ignore the traffic class or type-of-service set using `setTrafficClass(int)` this method may return a different value than was previously set using the `setTrafficClass(int)` method on this Socket.

    Returns:
      the traffic class or type-of-service already set
    Throws:
      `SocketException` - if there is an error obtaining the traffic class or type-of-service value, or the socket is closed.
    Since:
      1.4
    See Also:
      - `setTrafficClass(int)`
      - `StandardSocketOptions.IP_TOS`

  - ### setReuseAddress

    public void setReuseAddress(boolean on) throws SocketException
    Enable/disable the `SO_REUSEADDR` socket option.

    When a TCP connection is closed the connection may remain in a timeout state for a period of time after the connection is closed (typically known as the `TIME_WAIT` state or `2MSL` wait state). For applications using a well known socket address or port it may not be possible to bind a socket to the required `SocketAddress` if there is a connection in the timeout state involving the socket address or port.

    Enabling `SO_REUSEADDR` prior to binding the socket using `bind(SocketAddress)` allows the socket to be bound even though a previous connection is in a timeout state.

    When a `Socket` is created the initial setting of `SO_REUSEADDR` is disabled.

    The behaviour when `SO_REUSEADDR` is enabled or disabled after a socket is bound (See `isBound()`) is not defined.

    Parameters:
      `on` - whether to enable or disable the socket option
    Throws:
      `SocketException` - if an error occurs enabling or disabling the `SO_REUSEADDR` socket option, or the socket is closed.
    Since:
      1.4
    See Also:
      - `getReuseAddress()`
      - `bind(SocketAddress)`
      - `isClosed()`
      - `isBound()`

  - ### getReuseAddress

    public boolean getReuseAddress() throws SocketException
    Tests if `SO_REUSEADDR` is enabled.
    Returns:
      a `boolean` indicating whether or not `SO_REUSEADDR` is enabled.
    Throws:
      `SocketException` - if there is an error in the underlying protocol, such as a TCP error, or the socket is closed.
    Since:
      1.4
    See Also:
      - `setReuseAddress(boolean)`

  - ### close

    public void close() throws IOException
    Closes this socket.

    Any thread currently blocked in an I/O operation upon this socket will throw a `SocketException`.

    Once a socket has been closed, it is not available for further networking use (i.e. can't be reconnected or rebound) and several of the methods defined by this class will throw an exception if invoked on the closed socket. A new socket needs to be created.

    Closing this socket will also close the socket's `InputStream` and `OutputStream`.

    If this socket has an associated channel then the channel is closed as well.

    Specified by:
      `close` in interface `AutoCloseable`
    Specified by:
      `close` in interface `Closeable`
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs when closing this socket.
    See Also:
      - `isClosed()`

  - ### shutdownInput

    public void shutdownInput() throws IOException
    Places the input stream for this socket at "end of stream". Any data sent to the input stream side of the socket is acknowledged and then silently discarded.

    If you read from a socket input stream after invoking this method on the socket, the stream's `available` method will return 0, and its `read` methods will return `-1` (end of stream).

    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs when shutting down this socket, the socket is not connected or the socket is closed.
    Since:
      1.3
    See Also:
      - `shutdownOutput()`
      - `close()`
      - `setSoLinger(boolean, int)`
      - `isInputShutdown()`

  - ### shutdownOutput

    public void shutdownOutput() throws IOException
    Disables the output stream for this socket. For a TCP socket, any previously written data will be sent followed by TCP's normal connection termination sequence. If you write to a socket output stream after invoking shutdownOutput() on the socket, the stream will throw an IOException.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs when shutting down this socket, the socket is not connected or the socket is closed.
    Since:
      1.3
    See Also:
      - `shutdownInput()`
      - `close()`
      - `setSoLinger(boolean, int)`
      - `isOutputShutdown()`

  - ### toString

    public String toString()
    Converts this socket to a `String`.
    Overrides:
      `toString` in class `Object`
    Returns:
      a string representation of this socket.

  - ### isConnected

    public boolean isConnected()
    Returns the connection state of the socket.

    Note: Closing a socket doesn't clear its connection state, which means this method will return `true` for a closed socket (see `isClosed()`) if it was successfully connected prior to being closed.

    Returns:
      true if the socket was successfully connected to a server
    Since:
      1.4

  - ### isBound

    public boolean isBound()
    Returns the binding state of the socket.

    Note: Closing a socket doesn't clear its binding state, which means this method will return `true` for a closed socket (see `isClosed()`) if it was successfully bound prior to being closed.

    Returns:
      true if the socket was successfully bound to an address
    Since:
      1.4
    See Also:
      - `bind(SocketAddress)`

  - ### isClosed

    public boolean isClosed()
    Returns the closed state of the socket.
    Returns:
      true if the socket has been closed
    Since:
      1.4
    See Also:
      - `close()`

  - ### isInputShutdown

    public boolean isInputShutdown()
    Returns whether the read-half of the socket connection is closed.
    Returns:
      true if the input of the socket has been shutdown
    Since:
      1.4
    See Also:
      - `shutdownInput()`

  - ### isOutputShutdown

    public boolean isOutputShutdown()
    Returns whether the write-half of the socket connection is closed.
    Returns:
      true if the output of the socket has been shutdown
    Since:
      1.4
    See Also:
      - `shutdownOutput()`

  - ### setSocketImplFactory

    @Deprecated(since="17") public static void setSocketImplFactory(SocketImplFactory fac) throws IOException
    Deprecated.
    Use a `SocketFactory` and subclass `Socket` directly.
    This method provided a way in early JDK releases to replace the system wide implementation of `Socket`. It has been mostly obsolete since Java 1.4. If required, a `Socket` can be created to use a custom implementation by extending `Socket` and using the protected constructor that takes an implementation as a parameter.
    Sets the client socket implementation factory for the application. The factory can be specified only once.

    When an application creates a new client socket, the socket implementation factory's `createSocketImpl` method is called to create the actual socket implementation.

    Passing `null` to the method is a no-op unless the factory was already set.

    Parameters:
      `fac` - the desired factory.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs when setting the socket factory.
      `SocketException` - if the factory is already defined.
    See Also:
      - `SocketImplFactory.createSocketImpl()`

  - ### setPerformancePreferences

    @Deprecated(since="26", forRemoval=true) public void setPerformancePreferences(int connectionTime, int latency, int bandwidth)
    Deprecated, for removal: This API element is subject to removal in a future version.
    This method was intended to allow for protocols that are now obsolete.
    Sets performance preferences for this socket.

    Sockets use the TCP/IP protocol by default. Some implementations may offer alternative protocols which have different performance characteristics than TCP/IP. This method allows the application to express its own preferences as to how these tradeoffs should be made when the implementation chooses from the available protocols.

    Performance preferences are described by three integers whose values indicate the relative importance of short connection time, low latency, and high bandwidth. The absolute values of the integers are irrelevant; in order to choose a protocol the values are simply compared, with larger values indicating stronger preferences. Negative values represent a lower priority than positive values. If the application prefers short connection time over both low latency and high bandwidth, for example, then it could invoke this method with the values `(1, 0, 0)`. If the application prefers high bandwidth above low latency, and low latency above short connection time, then it could invoke this method with the values `(0, 1, 2)`.

    Invoking this method after this socket has been connected will have no effect.

    Parameters:
      `connectionTime` - An `int` expressing the relative importance of a short connection time
      `latency` - An `int` expressing the relative importance of low latency
      `bandwidth` - An `int` expressing the relative importance of high bandwidth
    Since:
      1.5

  - ### setOption

    public <T> Socket setOption(SocketOption<T> name, T value) throws IOException
    Sets the value of a socket option.
    Type Parameters:
      `T` - The type of the socket option value
    Parameters:
      `name` - The socket option
      `value` - The value of the socket option. A value of `null` may be valid for some options.
    Returns:
      this Socket
    Throws:
      `UnsupportedOperationException` - if the socket does not support the option.
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the value is not valid for the option.
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs, or if the socket is closed.
      `NullPointerException` - if name is `null`
    Since:
      9

  - ### getOption

    public <T> T getOption(SocketOption<T> name) throws IOException
    Returns the value of a socket option.
    Type Parameters:
      `T` - The type of the socket option value
    Parameters:
      `name` - The socket option
    Returns:
      The value of the socket option.
    Throws:
      `UnsupportedOperationException` - if the socket does not support the option.
      `IOException` - if an I/O error occurs, or if the socket is closed.
      `NullPointerException` - if name is `null`
    Since:
      9

  - ### supportedOptions

    public Set<SocketOption<?>> supportedOptions()
    Returns a set of the socket options supported by this socket. This method will continue to return the set of options even after the socket has been closed.
    Returns:
      A set of the socket options supported by this socket. This set may be empty if the socket's SocketImpl cannot be created.
    Since:
      9