# Class OutputStreamWriter

java.lang.Object
java.io.Writer
java.io.OutputStreamWriter

All Implemented Interfaces:
  `Closeable, Flushable, Appendable, AutoCloseable`

Direct Known Subclasses:
  `FileWriter`

public class OutputStreamWriter extends Writer
An OutputStreamWriter is a bridge from character streams to byte streams: Characters written to it are encoded into bytes using a specified `charset`. The charset that it uses may be specified by name or may be given explicitly, or the default charset may be accepted.

Each invocation of a write() method causes the encoding converter to be invoked on the given character(s). The resulting bytes are accumulated in a buffer before being written to the underlying output stream. Note that the characters passed to the write() methods are not buffered.

For top efficiency, consider wrapping an OutputStreamWriter within a BufferedWriter so as to avoid frequent converter invocations. For example:

        Writer out = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(anOutputStream));

A surrogate pair is a character represented by a sequence of two `char` values: A high surrogate in the range '\uD800' to '\uDBFF' followed by a low surrogate in the range '\uDC00' to '\uDFFF'.

A malformed surrogate element is a high surrogate that is not followed by a low surrogate or a low surrogate that is not preceded by a high surrogate.

This class always replaces malformed surrogate elements and unmappable character sequences with the charset's default substitution sequence. The CharsetEncoder class should be used when more control over the encoding process is required.

Since:
  1.1
See Also:
  - `BufferedWriter`
  - `OutputStream`
  - `Charset`

- ## Field Summary

  ### Fields declared in class Writer

  `lock`
  Modifier and Type
  Field
  Description
  `protected Object`
  `lock`
  The object used to synchronize operations on this stream.

- ## Constructor Summary

  Constructors
  Constructor
  Description
  `OutputStreamWriter(OutputStream out)`
  Creates an OutputStreamWriter that uses the default character encoding, or where `out` is a `PrintStream`, the charset used by the print stream.
  `OutputStreamWriter(OutputStream out, String charsetName)`
  Creates an OutputStreamWriter that uses the named charset.
  `OutputStreamWriter(OutputStream out, Charset cs)`
  Creates an OutputStreamWriter that uses the given charset.
  `OutputStreamWriter(OutputStream out, CharsetEncoder enc)`
  Creates an OutputStreamWriter that uses the given charset encoder.

- ## Method Summary

  Modifier and Type
  Method
  Description
  `void`
  `close()`
  Closes the stream, flushing it first.
  `void`
  `flush()`
  Flushes the stream.
  `String`
  `getEncoding()`
  Returns the name of the character encoding being used by this stream.
  `void`
  `write(char[] cbuf, int off, int len)`
  Writes a portion of an array of characters.
  `void`
  `write(int c)`
  Writes a single character.
  `void`
  `write(String str, int off, int len)`
  Writes a portion of a string.

  ### Methods declared in class Writer

  `append, append, append, nullWriter, write, write`
  Modifier and Type
  Method
  Description
  `Writer`
  `append(char c)`
  Appends the specified character to this writer.
  `Writer`
  `append(CharSequence csq)`
  Appends the specified character sequence to this writer.
  `Writer`
  `append(CharSequence csq, int start, int end)`
  Appends a subsequence of the specified character sequence to this writer.
  `static Writer`
  `nullWriter()`
  Returns a new `Writer` which discards all characters.
  `void`
  `write(char[] cbuf)`
  Writes an array of characters.
  `void`
  `write(String str)`
  Writes a string.

  ### Methods declared in class Object

  `clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`
  Modifier and Type
  Method
  Description
  `protected Object`
  `clone()`
  Creates and returns a copy of this object.
  `boolean`
  `equals(Object obj)`
  Indicates whether some other object is "equal to" this one.
  `protected void`
  `finalize()`
  Deprecated, for removal: This API element is subject to removal in a future version.
  Finalization is deprecated and subject to removal in a future release.
  `final Class<?>`
  `getClass()`
  Returns the runtime class of this `Object`.
  `int`
  `hashCode()`
  Returns a hash code value for this object.
  `final void`
  `notify()`
  Wakes up a single thread that is waiting on this object's monitor.
  `final void`
  `notifyAll()`
  Wakes up all threads that are waiting on this object's monitor.
  `String`
  `toString()`
  Returns a string representation of the object.
  `final void`
  `wait()`
  Causes the current thread to wait until it is awakened, typically by being notified or interrupted.
  `final void`
  `wait(long timeoutMillis)`
  Causes the current thread to wait until it is awakened, typically by being notified or interrupted, or until a certain amount of real time has elapsed.
  `final void`
  `wait(long timeoutMillis, int nanos)`
  Causes the current thread to wait until it is awakened, typically by being notified or interrupted, or until a certain amount of real time has elapsed.

- ## Constructor Details

  - ### OutputStreamWriter

    public OutputStreamWriter(OutputStream out, String charsetName) throws UnsupportedEncodingException
    Creates an OutputStreamWriter that uses the named charset.
    Parameters:
      `out` - An OutputStream
      `charsetName` - The name of a supported `charset`
    Throws:
      `UnsupportedEncodingException` - If the named encoding is not supported

  - ### OutputStreamWriter

    public OutputStreamWriter(OutputStream out)
    Creates an OutputStreamWriter that uses the default character encoding, or where `out` is a `PrintStream`, the charset used by the print stream.
    Parameters:
      `out` - An OutputStream
    See Also:
      - `Charset.defaultCharset()`

  - ### OutputStreamWriter

    public OutputStreamWriter(OutputStream out, Charset cs)
    Creates an OutputStreamWriter that uses the given charset.
    Parameters:
      `out` - An OutputStream
      `cs` - A charset
    Since:
      1.4

  - ### OutputStreamWriter

    public OutputStreamWriter(OutputStream out, CharsetEncoder enc)
    Creates an OutputStreamWriter that uses the given charset encoder.
    Parameters:
      `out` - An OutputStream
      `enc` - A charset encoder
    Since:
      1.4

- ## Method Details

  - ### getEncoding

    public String getEncoding()
    Returns the name of the character encoding being used by this stream.

    If the encoding has an historical name then that name is returned; otherwise the encoding's canonical name is returned.

    If this instance was created with the `OutputStreamWriter(OutputStream, String)` constructor then the returned name, being unique for the encoding, may differ from the name passed to the constructor. This method may return `null` if the stream has been closed.

    Returns:
      The historical name of this encoding, or possibly `null` if the stream has been closed
    See Also:
      - `Charset`

  - ### write

    public void write(int c) throws IOException
    Writes a single character.
    Overrides:
      `write` in class `Writer`
    Parameters:
      `c` - int specifying a character to be written
    Throws:
      `IOException` - If an I/O error occurs

  - ### write

    public void write(char[] cbuf, int off, int len) throws IOException
    Writes a portion of an array of characters.
    Specified by:
      `write` in class `Writer`
    Parameters:
      `cbuf` - Buffer of characters
      `off` - Offset from which to start writing characters
      `len` - Number of characters to write
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - If `off` is negative, or `len` is negative, or `off + len` is negative or greater than the length of the given array
      `IOException` - If an I/O error occurs

  - ### write

    public void write(String str, int off, int len) throws IOException
    Writes a portion of a string.
    Overrides:
      `write` in class `Writer`
    Parameters:
      `str` - A String
      `off` - Offset from which to start writing characters
      `len` - Number of characters to write
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - If `off` is negative, or `len` is negative, or `off + len` is negative or greater than the length of the given string
      `IOException` - If an I/O error occurs

  - ### flush

    public void flush() throws IOException
    Flushes the stream.
    Specified by:
      `flush` in interface `Flushable`
    Specified by:
      `flush` in class `Writer`
    Throws:
      `IOException` - If an I/O error occurs

  - ### close

    public void close() throws IOException
    Description copied from class: `Writer`
    Closes the stream, flushing it first. Once the stream has been closed, further write() or flush() invocations will cause an IOException to be thrown. Closing a previously closed stream has no effect.
    Specified by:
      `close` in interface `AutoCloseable`
    Specified by:
      `close` in interface `Closeable`
    Specified by:
      `close` in class `Writer`
    Throws:
      `IOException` - If an I/O error occurs