# Class PushbackReader

java.lang.Object
java.io.Reader
java.io.FilterReader
java.io.PushbackReader

All Implemented Interfaces:
  `Closeable, AutoCloseable, Readable`

public class PushbackReader extends FilterReader
A character-stream reader that allows characters to be pushed back into the stream.

Since:
  1.1

- ## Field Summary

  ### Fields declared in class FilterReader

  `in`
  Modifier and Type
  Field
  Description
  `protected Reader`
  `in`
  The underlying character-input stream.

  ### Fields declared in class Reader

  `lock`
  Modifier and Type
  Field
  Description
  `protected Object`
  `lock`
  The object used to synchronize operations on this stream.

- ## Constructor Summary

  Constructors
  Constructor
  Description
  `PushbackReader(Reader in)`
  Creates a new pushback reader with a one-character pushback buffer.
  `PushbackReader(Reader in, int size)`
  Creates a new pushback reader with a pushback buffer of the given size.

- ## Method Summary

  Modifier and Type
  Method
  Description
  `void`
  `close()`
  Closes the stream and releases any system resources associated with it.
  `void`
  `mark(int readAheadLimit)`
  Marks the present position in the stream.
  `boolean`
  `markSupported()`
  Tells whether this stream supports the mark() operation, which it does not.
  `int`
  `read()`
  Reads a single character.
  `boolean`
  `ready()`
  Tells whether this stream is ready to be read.
  `void`
  `reset()`
  Resets the stream.
  `void`
  `unread(char[] cbuf)`
  Pushes back an array of characters by copying it to the front of the pushback buffer.
  `void`
  `unread(char[] cbuf, int off, int len)`
  Pushes back a portion of an array of characters by copying it to the front of the pushback buffer.
  `void`
  `unread(int c)`
  Pushes back a single character by copying it to the front of the pushback buffer.

  ### Methods declared in class FilterReader

  `read, skip`
  Modifier and Type
  Method
  Description
  `int`
  `read(char[] cbuf, int off, int len)`
  Reads characters into a portion of an array.
  `long`
  `skip(long n)`
  Skips characters.

  ### Methods declared in class Reader

  `nullReader, of, read, read, readAllAsString, readAllLines, transferTo`
  Modifier and Type
  Method
  Description
  `static Reader`
  `nullReader()`
  Returns a new `Reader` that reads no characters.
  `static Reader`
  `of(CharSequence cs)`
  Returns a `Reader` that reads characters from a `CharSequence`.
  `int`
  `read(char[] cbuf)`
  Reads characters into an array.
  `int`
  `read(CharBuffer target)`
  Attempts to read characters into the specified character buffer.
  `String`
  `readAllAsString()`
  Reads all remaining characters into a string.
  `List<String>`
  `readAllLines()`
  Reads all remaining characters as lines of text.
  `long`
  `transferTo(Writer out)`
  Reads all characters from this reader and writes the characters to the given writer in the order that they are read.

  ### Methods declared in class Object

  `clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`
  Modifier and Type
  Method
  Description
  `protected Object`
  `clone()`
  Creates and returns a copy of this object.
  `boolean`
  `equals(Object obj)`
  Indicates whether some other object is "equal to" this one.
  `protected void`
  `finalize()`
  Deprecated, for removal: This API element is subject to removal in a future version.
  Finalization is deprecated and subject to removal in a future release.
  `final Class<?>`
  `getClass()`
  Returns the runtime class of this `Object`.
  `int`
  `hashCode()`
  Returns a hash code value for this object.
  `final void`
  `notify()`
  Wakes up a single thread that is waiting on this object's monitor.
  `final void`
  `notifyAll()`
  Wakes up all threads that are waiting on this object's monitor.
  `String`
  `toString()`
  Returns a string representation of the object.
  `final void`
  `wait()`
  Causes the current thread to wait until it is awakened, typically by being notified or interrupted.
  `final void`
  `wait(long timeoutMillis)`
  Causes the current thread to wait until it is awakened, typically by being notified or interrupted, or until a certain amount of real time has elapsed.
  `final void`
  `wait(long timeoutMillis, int nanos)`
  Causes the current thread to wait until it is awakened, typically by being notified or interrupted, or until a certain amount of real time has elapsed.

- ## Constructor Details

  - ### PushbackReader

    public PushbackReader(Reader in, int size)
    Creates a new pushback reader with a pushback buffer of the given size.
    Parameters:
      `in` - The reader from which characters will be read
      `size` - The size of the pushback buffer
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if `size <= 0`

  - ### PushbackReader

    public PushbackReader(Reader in)
    Creates a new pushback reader with a one-character pushback buffer.
    Parameters:
      `in` - The reader from which characters will be read

- ## Method Details

  - ### read

    public int read() throws IOException
    Reads a single character.
    Overrides:
      `read` in class `FilterReader`
    Returns:
      The character read, or -1 if the end of the stream has been reached
    Throws:
      `IOException` - If an I/O error occurs

  - ### unread

    public void unread(int c) throws IOException
    Pushes back a single character by copying it to the front of the pushback buffer. After this method returns, the next character to be read will have the value `(char)c`.
    Parameters:
      `c` - The int value representing a character to be pushed back
    Throws:
      `IOException` - If the pushback buffer is full, or if some other I/O error occurs

  - ### unread

    public void unread(char[] cbuf, int off, int len) throws IOException
    Pushes back a portion of an array of characters by copying it to the front of the pushback buffer. After this method returns, the next character to be read will have the value `cbuf[off]`, the character after that will have the value `cbuf[off+1]`, and so forth.
    Parameters:
      `cbuf` - Character array
      `off` - Offset of first character to push back
      `len` - Number of characters to push back
    Throws:
      `IOException` - If there is insufficient room in the pushback buffer, or if some other I/O error occurs

  - ### unread

    public void unread(char[] cbuf) throws IOException
    Pushes back an array of characters by copying it to the front of the pushback buffer. After this method returns, the next character to be read will have the value `cbuf[0]`, the character after that will have the value `cbuf[1]`, and so forth.
    Parameters:
      `cbuf` - Character array to push back
    Throws:
      `IOException` - If there is insufficient room in the pushback buffer, or if some other I/O error occurs

  - ### ready

    public boolean ready() throws IOException
    Tells whether this stream is ready to be read.
    Overrides:
      `ready` in class `FilterReader`
    Returns:
      True if the next read() is guaranteed not to block for input, false otherwise. Note that returning false does not guarantee that the next read will block.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - If an I/O error occurs

  - ### mark

    public void mark(int readAheadLimit) throws IOException
    Marks the present position in the stream. The `mark` for class `PushbackReader` always throws an exception.
    Overrides:
      `mark` in class `FilterReader`
    Parameters:
      `readAheadLimit` - Limit on the number of characters that may be read while still preserving the mark. After reading this many characters, attempting to reset the stream may fail.
    Throws:
      `IOException` - Always, since mark is not supported

  - ### reset

    public void reset() throws IOException
    Resets the stream. The `reset` method of `PushbackReader` always throws an exception.
    Overrides:
      `reset` in class `FilterReader`
    Throws:
      `IOException` - Always, since reset is not supported

  - ### markSupported

    public boolean markSupported()
    Tells whether this stream supports the mark() operation, which it does not.
    Overrides:
      `markSupported` in class `FilterReader`
    Returns:
      true if and only if this stream supports the mark operation.

  - ### close

    public void close() throws IOException
    Closes the stream and releases any system resources associated with it. Once the stream has been closed, further read(), unread(), ready(), or skip() invocations will throw an IOException. Closing a previously closed stream has no effect. This method will block while there is another thread blocking on the reader.
    Specified by:
      `close` in interface `AutoCloseable`
    Specified by:
      `close` in interface `Closeable`
    Specified by:
      `close` in class `Reader`
    Throws:
      `IOException` - If an I/O error occurs