# Class Stack<E>

java.lang.Object
java.util.AbstractCollection<E>
java.util.AbstractList<E>
java.util.Vector<E>
java.util.Stack<E>

Type Parameters:
  `E` - Type of component elements

All Implemented Interfaces:
  `Serializable`, `Cloneable`, `Iterable<E>`, `Collection<E>`, `List<E>`, `RandomAccess`, `SequencedCollection<E>`

public class Stack<E> extends Vector<E>
The `Stack` class represents a last-in-first-out (LIFO) stack of objects. It extends class `Vector` with five operations that allow a vector to be treated as a stack. The usual `push` and `pop` operations are provided, as well as a method to `peek` at the top item on the stack, a method to test for whether the stack is `empty`, and a method to `search` the stack for an item and discover how far it is from the top.

When a stack is first created, it contains no items.

A more complete and consistent set of LIFO stack operations is provided by the `Deque` interface and its implementations, which should be used in preference to this class. For example:

       Deque<Integer> stack = new ArrayDeque<Integer>();

Since:
  1.0
See Also:
  - Serialized Form

- ## Field Summary

  ### Fields declared in class java.util.Vector

  `capacityIncrement, elementCount, elementData`

  ### Fields declared in class java.util.AbstractList

  `modCount`

- ## Constructor Summary

  Constructors
  Constructor
  Description
  `Stack()`
  Creates an empty Stack.

- ## Method Summary

  Modifier and Type
  Method
  Description
  `boolean`
  `empty()`
  Tests if this stack is empty.
  `E`
  `peek()`
  Looks at the object at the top of this stack without removing it from the stack.
  `E`
  `pop()`
  Removes the object at the top of this stack and returns that object as the value of this function.
  `E`
  `push(E item)`
  Pushes an item onto the top of this stack.
  `int`
  `search(Object o)`
  Returns the 1-based position where an object is on this stack.

  ### Methods declared in class java.util.Vector

  `add, add, addAll, addAll, addElement, capacity, clear, clone, contains, containsAll, copyInto, elementAt, elements, ensureCapacity, equals, firstElement, forEach, get, hashCode, indexOf, indexOf, insertElementAt, isEmpty, iterator, lastElement, lastIndexOf, lastIndexOf, listIterator, listIterator, remove, remove, removeAll, removeAllElements, removeElement, removeElementAt, removeIf, removeRange, replaceAll, retainAll, set, setElementAt, setSize, size, spliterator, subList, toArray, toArray, toString, trimToSize`

  ### Methods declared in class java.lang.Object

  `finalize, getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait`

  ### Methods declared in interface java.util.Collection

  `parallelStream, stream, toArray`

  ### Methods declared in interface java.util.List

  `addFirst, addLast, getFirst, getLast, removeFirst, removeLast, reversed, sort`

- ## Constructor Details

  - ### Stack

    public Stack()
    Creates an empty Stack.

- ## Method Details

  - ### push

    public E push(E item)
    Pushes an item onto the top of this stack. This has exactly the same effect as:

    >      addElement(item)

    Parameters:
      `item` - the item to be pushed onto this stack.
    Returns:
      the `item` argument.
    See Also:
      - `Vector.addElement(E)`

  - ### pop

    public E pop()
    Removes the object at the top of this stack and returns that object as the value of this function.
    Returns:
      The object at the top of this stack (the last item of the `Vector` object).
    Throws:
      `EmptyStackException` - if this stack is empty.

  - ### peek

    public E peek()
    Looks at the object at the top of this stack without removing it from the stack.
    Returns:
      the object at the top of this stack (the last item of the `Vector` object).
    Throws:
      `EmptyStackException` - if this stack is empty.

  - ### empty

    public boolean empty()
    Tests if this stack is empty.
    Returns:
      `true` if and only if this stack contains no items; `false` otherwise.

  - ### search

    public int search(Object o)
    Returns the 1-based position where an object is on this stack. If the object `o` occurs as an item in this stack, this method returns the distance from the top of the stack of the occurrence nearest the top of the stack; the topmost item on the stack is considered to be at distance `1`. The `equals` method is used to compare `o` to the items in this stack.
    Parameters:
      `o` - the desired object.
    Returns:
      the 1-based position from the top of the stack where the object is located; the return value `-1` indicates that the object is not on the stack.