Module java.base
Package java.util.random

# Interface RandomGenerator

All Known Subinterfaces:
  `RandomGenerator.ArbitrarilyJumpableGenerator`, `RandomGenerator.JumpableGenerator`, `RandomGenerator.LeapableGenerator`, `RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator`, `RandomGenerator.StreamableGenerator`

All Known Implementing Classes:
  `Random`, `SecureRandom`, `SplittableRandom`, `ThreadLocalRandom`

public interface RandomGenerator
The `RandomGenerator` interface is designed to provide a common protocol for objects that generate random or (more typically) pseudorandom sequences of numbers (or Boolean values). Such a sequence may be obtained by either repeatedly invoking a method that returns a single pseudorandomly chosen value, or by invoking a method that returns a stream of pseudorandomly chosen values.

Ideally, given an implicitly or explicitly specified range of values, each value would be chosen independently and uniformly from that range. In practice, one may have to settle for some approximation to independence and uniformity.

In the case of `int`, `long`, and `boolean` values, if there is no explicit specification of range, then the range includes all possible values of the type. In the case of `float` and `double` values, first a value is always chosen uniformly from the set of 2w values between 0.0 (inclusive) and 1.0 (exclusive), where w is `Float.PRECISION` for `float` values and `Double.PRECISION` for `double` values, such that adjacent values differ by 2−w (notice that this set is a subset of the set of all representable floating-point values between 0.0 (inclusive) and 1.0 (exclusive)); then if an explicit range was specified, then the chosen number is computationally scaled and translated so as to appear to have been chosen approximately uniformly from that explicit range.

Each method that returns a stream produces a stream of values each of which is chosen in the same manner as for a method that returns a single pseudorandomly chosen value. For example, if `r` implements `RandomGenerator`, then the method call `r.ints(100)` returns a stream of 100 `int` values. These are not necessarily the exact same values that would have been returned if instead `r.nextInt()` had been called 100 times; all that is guaranteed is that each value in the stream is chosen in a similar pseudorandom manner from the same range.

Every object that implements the `RandomGenerator` interface by using a pseudorandom algorithm is assumed to contain a finite amount of state. Using such an object to generate a pseudorandomly chosen value alters its state by computing a new state as a function of the current state, without reference to any information other than the current state. The number of distinct possible states of such an object is called its period. (Some implementations of the `RandomGenerator` interface may be truly random rather than pseudorandom, for example relying on the statistical behavior of a physical object to derive chosen values. Such implementations do not have a fixed period.)

As a rule, objects that implement the `RandomGenerator` interface need not be thread-safe. It is recommended that multithreaded applications use either `ThreadLocalRandom` or (preferably) pseudorandom number generators that implement the `RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator` or `RandomGenerator.JumpableGenerator` interface.

Objects that implement `RandomGenerator` are typically not cryptographically secure. Consider instead using `SecureRandom` to get a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator for use by security-sensitive applications. Note, however, that `SecureRandom` does implement the `RandomGenerator` interface, so that instances of `SecureRandom` may be used interchangeably with other types of pseudorandom generators in applications that do not require a secure generator.

Unless explicit stated otherwise, the use of null for any method argument will cause a NullPointerException.

Since:
  17

- ## Nested Class Summary

  Nested Classes
  Modifier and Type
  Interface
  Description
  `static interface`
  `RandomGenerator.ArbitrarilyJumpableGenerator`
  This interface is designed to provide a common protocol for objects that generate sequences of pseudorandom values and can easily jump forward, by an arbitrary amount, to a distant point in the state cycle.
  `static interface`
  `RandomGenerator.JumpableGenerator`
  This interface is designed to provide a common protocol for objects that generate pseudorandom values and can easily jump forward, by a moderate amount (ex. 264) to a distant point in the state cycle.
  `static interface`
  `RandomGenerator.LeapableGenerator`
  This interface is designed to provide a common protocol for objects that generate sequences of pseudorandom values and can easily not only jump but also leap forward, by a large amount (ex. 2128), to a very distant point in the state cycle.
  `static interface`
  `RandomGenerator.SplittableGenerator`
  This interface is designed to provide a common protocol for objects that generate sequences of pseudorandom values and can be split into two objects (the original one and a new one) each of which obey that same protocol (and therefore can be recursively split indefinitely).
  `static interface`
  `RandomGenerator.StreamableGenerator`
  The `RandomGenerator.StreamableGenerator` interface augments the `RandomGenerator` interface to provide methods that return streams of `RandomGenerator` objects.

- ## Method Summary

  Modifier and Type
  Method
  Description
  `default DoubleStream`
  `doubles()`
  Returns an effectively unlimited stream of pseudorandomly chosen `double` values.
  `default DoubleStream`
  `doubles(double randomNumberOrigin, double randomNumberBound)`
  Returns an effectively unlimited stream of pseudorandomly chosen `double` values, where each value is between the specified origin (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
  `default DoubleStream`
  `doubles(long streamSize)`
  Returns a stream producing the given `streamSize` number of pseudorandomly chosen `double` values.
  `default DoubleStream`
  `doubles(long streamSize, double randomNumberOrigin, double randomNumberBound)`
  Returns a stream producing the given `streamSize` number of pseudorandomly chosen `double` values, where each value is between the specified origin (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
  `static RandomGenerator`
  `getDefault()`
  Returns a `RandomGenerator` meeting the minimal requirement of having an algorithm whose state bits are greater than or equal 64.
  `default IntStream`
  `ints()`
  Returns an effectively unlimited stream of pseudorandomly chosen `int` values.
  `default IntStream`
  `ints(int randomNumberOrigin, int randomNumberBound)`
  Returns an effectively unlimited stream of pseudorandomly chosen `int` values, where each value is between the specified origin (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
  `default IntStream`
  `ints(long streamSize)`
  Returns a stream producing the given `streamSize` number of pseudorandomly chosen `int` values.
  `default IntStream`
  `ints(long streamSize, int randomNumberOrigin, int randomNumberBound)`
  Returns a stream producing the given `streamSize` number of pseudorandomly chosen `int` values, where each value is between the specified origin (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
  `default boolean`
  `isDeprecated()`
  Return true if the implementation of RandomGenerator (algorithm) has been marked for deprecation.
  `default LongStream`
  `longs()`
  Returns an effectively unlimited stream of pseudorandomly chosen `long` values.
  `default LongStream`
  `longs(long streamSize)`
  Returns a stream producing the given `streamSize` number of pseudorandomly chosen `long` values.
  `default LongStream`
  `longs(long randomNumberOrigin, long randomNumberBound)`
  Returns an effectively unlimited stream of pseudorandomly chosen `long` values, where each value is between the specified origin (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
  `default LongStream`
  `longs(long streamSize, long randomNumberOrigin, long randomNumberBound)`
  Returns a stream producing the given `streamSize` number of pseudorandomly chosen `long` values, where each value is between the specified origin (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
  `default boolean`
  `nextBoolean()`
  Returns a pseudorandomly chosen `boolean` value.
  `default void`
  `nextBytes(byte[] bytes)`
  Fills a user-supplied byte array with generated byte values pseudorandomly chosen uniformly from the range of values between -128 (inclusive) and 127 (inclusive).
  `default double`
  `nextDouble()`
  Returns a pseudorandom `double` value between zero (inclusive) and one (exclusive).
  `default double`
  `nextDouble(double bound)`
  Returns a pseudorandomly chosen `double` value between zero (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
  `default double`
  `nextDouble(double origin, double bound)`
  Returns a pseudorandomly chosen `double` value between the specified origin (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
  `default double`
  `nextExponential()`
  Returns a nonnegative `double` value pseudorandomly chosen from an exponential distribution whose mean is 1.
  `default float`
  `nextFloat()`
  Returns a pseudorandom `float` value between zero (inclusive) and one (exclusive).
  `default float`
  `nextFloat(float bound)`
  Returns a pseudorandomly chosen `float` value between zero (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
  `default float`
  `nextFloat(float origin, float bound)`
  Returns a pseudorandomly chosen `float` value between the specified origin (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
  `default double`
  `nextGaussian()`
  Returns a `double` value pseudorandomly chosen from a Gaussian (normal) distribution whose mean is 0 and whose standard deviation is 1.
  `default double`
  `nextGaussian(double mean, double stddev)`
  Returns a `double` value pseudorandomly chosen from a Gaussian (normal) distribution with a mean and standard deviation specified by the arguments.
  `default int`
  `nextInt()`
  Returns a pseudorandomly chosen `int` value.
  `default int`
  `nextInt(int bound)`
  Returns a pseudorandomly chosen `int` value between zero (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
  `default int`
  `nextInt(int origin, int bound)`
  Returns a pseudorandomly chosen `int` value between the specified origin (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
  `long`
  `nextLong()`
  Returns a pseudorandomly chosen `long` value.
  `default long`
  `nextLong(long bound)`
  Returns a pseudorandomly chosen `long` value between zero (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
  `default long`
  `nextLong(long origin, long bound)`
  Returns a pseudorandomly chosen `long` value between the specified origin (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
  `static RandomGenerator`
  `of(String name)`
  Returns an instance of `RandomGenerator` that utilizes the `name` algorithm.

- ## Method Details

  - ### of

    static RandomGenerator of(String name)
    Returns an instance of `RandomGenerator` that utilizes the `name` algorithm.
    Parameters:
      `name` - Name of random number generator algorithm
    Returns:
      An instance of `RandomGenerator`
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if name is null
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the named algorithm is not found

  - ### getDefault

    static RandomGenerator getDefault()
    Returns a `RandomGenerator` meeting the minimal requirement of having an algorithm whose state bits are greater than or equal 64.
    Implementation Requirements:
      Since algorithms will improve over time, there is no guarantee that this method will return the same algorithm over time.

      The default implementation selects L32X64MixRandom.

    Returns:
      a `RandomGenerator`

  - ### isDeprecated

    default boolean isDeprecated()
    Return true if the implementation of RandomGenerator (algorithm) has been marked for deprecation.
    Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation checks for the @Deprecated annotation.
    Implementation Note:
      Random number generator algorithms evolve over time; new algorithms will be introduced and old algorithms will lose standing. If an older algorithm is deemed unsuitable for continued use, it will be marked as deprecated to indicate that it may be removed at some point in the future.
    Returns:
      true if the implementation of RandomGenerator (algorithm) has been marked for deprecation

  - ### doubles

    default DoubleStream doubles()
    Returns an effectively unlimited stream of pseudorandomly chosen `double` values.
    Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation produces a sequential stream that repeatedly calls `nextDouble`().
    Implementation Note:
      It is permitted to implement this method in a manner equivalent to `doubles` (`Long.MAX_VALUE`).
    Returns:
      a stream of pseudorandomly chosen `double` values

  - ### doubles

    default DoubleStream doubles(double randomNumberOrigin, double randomNumberBound)
    Returns an effectively unlimited stream of pseudorandomly chosen `double` values, where each value is between the specified origin (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
    Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation produces a sequential stream that repeatedly calls `nextDouble`(randomNumberOrigin, randomNumberBound).
    Implementation Note:
      It is permitted to implement this method in a manner equivalent to `doubles` (`Long.MAX_VALUE`, randomNumberOrigin, randomNumberBound).
    Parameters:
      `randomNumberOrigin` - the least value that can be produced
      `randomNumberBound` - the upper bound (exclusive) for each value produced
    Returns:
      a stream of pseudorandomly chosen `double` values, each between the specified origin (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive)
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if `randomNumberOrigin` is not finite, or `randomNumberBound` is not finite, or `randomNumberOrigin` is greater than or equal to `randomNumberBound`

  - ### doubles

    default DoubleStream doubles(long streamSize)
    Returns a stream producing the given `streamSize` number of pseudorandomly chosen `double` values.
    Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation produces a sequential stream that repeatedly calls `nextDouble()`.
    Parameters:
      `streamSize` - the number of values to generate
    Returns:
      a stream of pseudorandomly chosen `double` values
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if `streamSize` is less than zero

  - ### doubles

    default DoubleStream doubles(long streamSize, double randomNumberOrigin, double randomNumberBound)
    Returns a stream producing the given `streamSize` number of pseudorandomly chosen `double` values, where each value is between the specified origin (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
    Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation produces a sequential stream that repeatedly calls `nextDouble`(randomNumberOrigin, randomNumberBound).
    Parameters:
      `streamSize` - the number of values to generate
      `randomNumberOrigin` - the least value that can be produced
      `randomNumberBound` - the upper bound (exclusive) for each value produced
    Returns:
      a stream of pseudorandomly chosen `double` values, each between the specified origin (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive)
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if `streamSize` is less than zero, or `randomNumberOrigin` is not finite, or `randomNumberBound` is not finite, or `randomNumberOrigin` is greater than or equal to `randomNumberBound`

  - ### ints

    default IntStream ints()
    Returns an effectively unlimited stream of pseudorandomly chosen `int` values.
    Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation produces a sequential stream that repeatedly calls `nextInt`().
    Implementation Note:
      It is permitted to implement this method in a manner equivalent to `ints` (`Long.MAX_VALUE`).
    Returns:
      a stream of pseudorandomly chosen `int` values

  - ### ints

    default IntStream ints(int randomNumberOrigin, int randomNumberBound)
    Returns an effectively unlimited stream of pseudorandomly chosen `int` values, where each value is between the specified origin (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
    Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation produces a sequential stream that repeatedly calls `nextInt`(randomNumberOrigin, randomNumberBound).
    Implementation Note:
      It is permitted to implement this method in a manner equivalent to `ints` (`Long.MAX_VALUE`, randomNumberOrigin, randomNumberBound).
    Parameters:
      `randomNumberOrigin` - the least value that can be produced
      `randomNumberBound` - the upper bound (exclusive) for each value produced
    Returns:
      a stream of pseudorandomly chosen `int` values, each between the specified origin (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive)
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if `randomNumberOrigin` is greater than or equal to `randomNumberBound`

  - ### ints

    default IntStream ints(long streamSize)
    Returns a stream producing the given `streamSize` number of pseudorandomly chosen `int` values.
    Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation produces a sequential stream that repeatedly calls `nextInt`().
    Parameters:
      `streamSize` - the number of values to generate
    Returns:
      a stream of pseudorandomly chosen `int` values
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if `streamSize` is less than zero

  - ### ints

    default IntStream ints(long streamSize, int randomNumberOrigin, int randomNumberBound)
    Returns a stream producing the given `streamSize` number of pseudorandomly chosen `int` values, where each value is between the specified origin (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
    Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation produces a sequential stream that repeatedly calls `nextInt`(randomNumberOrigin, randomNumberBound).
    Parameters:
      `streamSize` - the number of values to generate
      `randomNumberOrigin` - the least value that can be produced
      `randomNumberBound` - the upper bound (exclusive) for each value produced
    Returns:
      a stream of pseudorandomly chosen `int` values, each between the specified origin (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive)
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if `streamSize` is less than zero, or `randomNumberOrigin` is greater than or equal to `randomNumberBound`

  - ### longs

    default LongStream longs()
    Returns an effectively unlimited stream of pseudorandomly chosen `long` values.
    Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation produces a sequential stream that repeatedly calls `nextLong`().
    Implementation Note:
      It is permitted to implement this method in a manner equivalent to `longs` (`Long.MAX_VALUE`).
    Returns:
      a stream of pseudorandomly chosen `long` values

  - ### longs

    default LongStream longs(long randomNumberOrigin, long randomNumberBound)
    Returns an effectively unlimited stream of pseudorandomly chosen `long` values, where each value is between the specified origin (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
    Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation produces a sequential stream that repeatedly calls `nextLong`(randomNumberOrigin, randomNumberBound).
    Implementation Note:
      It is permitted to implement this method in a manner equivalent to `longs` (`Long.MAX_VALUE`, randomNumberOrigin, randomNumberBound).
    Parameters:
      `randomNumberOrigin` - the least value that can be produced
      `randomNumberBound` - the upper bound (exclusive) for each value produced
    Returns:
      a stream of pseudorandomly chosen `long` values, each between the specified origin (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive)
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if `randomNumberOrigin` is greater than or equal to `randomNumberBound`

  - ### longs

    default LongStream longs(long streamSize)
    Returns a stream producing the given `streamSize` number of pseudorandomly chosen `long` values.
    Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation produces a sequential stream that repeatedly calls `nextLong`().
    Parameters:
      `streamSize` - the number of values to generate
    Returns:
      a stream of pseudorandomly chosen `long` values
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if `streamSize` is less than zero

  - ### longs

    default LongStream longs(long streamSize, long randomNumberOrigin, long randomNumberBound)
    Returns a stream producing the given `streamSize` number of pseudorandomly chosen `long` values, where each value is between the specified origin (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
    Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation produces a sequential stream that repeatedly calls `nextLong`(randomNumberOrigin, randomNumberBound).
    Parameters:
      `streamSize` - the number of values to generate
      `randomNumberOrigin` - the least value that can be produced
      `randomNumberBound` - the upper bound (exclusive) for each value produced
    Returns:
      a stream of pseudorandomly chosen `long` values, each between the specified origin (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive)
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if `streamSize` is less than zero, or `randomNumberOrigin` is greater than or equal to `randomNumberBound`

  - ### nextBoolean

    default boolean nextBoolean()
    Returns a pseudorandomly chosen `boolean` value.

    The default implementation tests the high-order bit (sign bit) of a value produced by `nextInt`(), on the grounds that some algorithms for pseudorandom number generation produce values whose high-order bits have better statistical quality than the low-order bits.

    Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation produces a result based on the sign bit of a number generated by `nextInt()`.
    Returns:
      a pseudorandomly chosen `boolean` value

  - ### nextBytes

    default void nextBytes(byte[] bytes)
    Fills a user-supplied byte array with generated byte values pseudorandomly chosen uniformly from the range of values between -128 (inclusive) and 127 (inclusive).
    Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation produces results from repeated calls to `nextLong()`.
    Implementation Note:
      Algorithm used to fill the byte array;

                     void nextBytes(byte[] bytes) {
                         int i = 0;
                         int len = bytes.length;
                         for (int words = len >> 3; words--> 0; ) {
                             long rnd = nextLong();
                             for (int n = 8; n--> 0; rnd >>>= Byte.SIZE)
                                 bytes[i++] = (byte)rnd;
                         }
                         if (i < len)
                             for (long rnd = nextLong(); i < len; rnd >>>= Byte.SIZE)
                                 bytes[i++] = (byte)rnd;
                     }

    Parameters:
      `bytes` - the byte array to fill with pseudorandom bytes
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if bytes is null

  - ### nextFloat

    default float nextFloat()
    Returns a pseudorandom `float` value between zero (inclusive) and one (exclusive).
    Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation uses the `Float.PRECISION` high-order bits from a call to `nextInt()`.
    Returns:
      a pseudorandom `float` value between zero (inclusive) and one (exclusive)

  - ### nextFloat

    default float nextFloat(float bound)
    Returns a pseudorandomly chosen `float` value between zero (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
    Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation checks that `bound` is a positive finite float. Then invokes `nextFloat()`, scaling the result so that the final result lies between `0.0f` (inclusive) and `bound` (exclusive).
    Parameters:
      `bound` - the upper bound (exclusive) for the returned value. Must be positive and finite
    Returns:
      a pseudorandomly chosen `float` value between zero (inclusive) and the bound (exclusive)
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if `bound` is not both positive and finite

  - ### nextFloat

    default float nextFloat(float origin, float bound)
    Returns a pseudorandomly chosen `float` value between the specified origin (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
    Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation verifies that the `origin` and `bound` are valid then invokes `nextFloat()` scaling and translating the result to fit between `origin` and `bound` (exclusive).
    Parameters:
      `origin` - the least value that can be returned
      `bound` - the upper bound (exclusive)
    Returns:
      a pseudorandomly chosen `float` value between the origin (inclusive) and the bound (exclusive)
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if `origin` is not finite, or `bound` is not finite, or `origin` is greater than or equal to `bound`

  - ### nextDouble

    default double nextDouble()
    Returns a pseudorandom `double` value between zero (inclusive) and one (exclusive).
    Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation uses the `Double.PRECISION` high-order bits from a call to `nextLong()`.
    Returns:
      a pseudorandom `double` value between zero (inclusive) and one (exclusive)

  - ### nextDouble

    default double nextDouble(double bound)
    Returns a pseudorandomly chosen `double` value between zero (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
    Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation checks that `bound` is a positive finite double. Then invokes `nextDouble()`, scaling the result so that the final result lies between `0.0` (inclusive) and `bound` (exclusive).
    Parameters:
      `bound` - the upper bound (exclusive) for the returned value. Must be positive and finite
    Returns:
      a pseudorandomly chosen `double` value between zero (inclusive) and the bound (exclusive)
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if `bound` is not both positive and finite

  - ### nextDouble

    default double nextDouble(double origin, double bound)
    Returns a pseudorandomly chosen `double` value between the specified origin (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
    Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation verifies that the `origin` and `bound` are valid, then invokes `nextDouble()` scaling and translating the result to fit between `origin` and `bound`( exclusive).
    Parameters:
      `origin` - the least value that can be returned
      `bound` - the upper bound (exclusive) for the returned value
    Returns:
      a pseudorandomly chosen `double` value between the origin (inclusive) and the bound (exclusive)
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if `origin` is not finite, or `bound` is not finite, or `origin` is greater than or equal to `bound`

  - ### nextInt

    default int nextInt()
    Returns a pseudorandomly chosen `int` value.
    Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation uses the 32 high-order bits from a call to `nextLong`().
    Returns:
      a pseudorandomly chosen `int` value

  - ### nextInt

    default int nextInt(int bound)
    Returns a pseudorandomly chosen `int` value between zero (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
    Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation checks that `bound` is a positive `int`. Then invokes `nextInt()`, limiting the result to be greater than or equal zero and less than `bound`. If `bound` is a power of two then limiting is a simple masking operation. Otherwise, the result is re-calculated by invoking `nextInt()` until the result is greater than or equal zero and less than `bound`.
    Parameters:
      `bound` - the upper bound (exclusive) for the returned value. Must be positive.
    Returns:
      a pseudorandomly chosen `int` value between zero (inclusive) and the bound (exclusive)
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if `bound` is not positive

  - ### nextInt

    default int nextInt(int origin, int bound)
    Returns a pseudorandomly chosen `int` value between the specified origin (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
    Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation checks that `origin` and `bound` are positive `ints`. Then invokes `nextInt()`, limiting the result to be greater that or equal `origin` and less than `bound`. If `bound` is a power of two then limiting is a simple masking operation. Otherwise, the result is re-calculated by invoking `nextInt()` until the result is greater than or equal `origin` and less than `bound`.
    Parameters:
      `origin` - the least value that can be returned
      `bound` - the upper bound (exclusive) for the returned value
    Returns:
      a pseudorandomly chosen `int` value between the origin (inclusive) and the bound (exclusive)
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if `origin` is greater than or equal to `bound`

  - ### nextLong

    long nextLong()
    Returns a pseudorandomly chosen `long` value.
    Returns:
      a pseudorandomly chosen `long` value

  - ### nextLong

    default long nextLong(long bound)
    Returns a pseudorandomly chosen `long` value between zero (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
    Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation checks that `bound` is a positive `long`. Then invokes `nextLong()`, limiting the result to be greater than or equal zero and less than `bound`. If `bound` is a power of two then limiting is a simple masking operation. Otherwise, the result is re-calculated by invoking `nextLong()` until the result is greater than or equal zero and less than `bound`.
    Parameters:
      `bound` - the upper bound (exclusive) for the returned value. Must be positive.
    Returns:
      a pseudorandomly chosen `long` value between zero (inclusive) and the bound (exclusive)
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if `bound` is not positive

  - ### nextLong

    default long nextLong(long origin, long bound)
    Returns a pseudorandomly chosen `long` value between the specified origin (inclusive) and the specified bound (exclusive).
    Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation checks that `origin` and `bound` are positive `longs`. Then invokes `nextLong()`, limiting the result to be greater than or equal `origin` and less than `bound`. If `bound` is a power of two then limiting is a simple masking operation. Otherwise, the result is re-calculated by invoking `nextLong()` until the result is greater than or equal `origin` and less than `bound`.
    Parameters:
      `origin` - the least value that can be returned
      `bound` - the upper bound (exclusive) for the returned value
    Returns:
      a pseudorandomly chosen `long` value between the origin (inclusive) and the bound (exclusive)
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if `origin` is greater than or equal to `bound`

  - ### nextGaussian

    default double nextGaussian()
    Returns a `double` value pseudorandomly chosen from a Gaussian (normal) distribution whose mean is 0 and whose standard deviation is 1.
    Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation uses McFarland's fast modified ziggurat algorithm (largely table-driven, with rare cases handled by computation and rejection sampling). Walker's alias method for sampling a discrete distribution also plays a role.
    Returns:
      a `double` value pseudorandomly chosen from a Gaussian distribution

  - ### nextGaussian

    default double nextGaussian(double mean, double stddev)
    Returns a `double` value pseudorandomly chosen from a Gaussian (normal) distribution with a mean and standard deviation specified by the arguments.
    Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation uses McFarland's fast modified ziggurat algorithm (largely table-driven, with rare cases handled by computation and rejection sampling). Walker's alias method for sampling a discrete distribution also plays a role.
    Parameters:
      `mean` - the mean of the Gaussian distribution to be drawn from
      `stddev` - the standard deviation (square root of the variance) of the Gaussian distribution to be drawn from
    Returns:
      a `double` value pseudorandomly chosen from the specified Gaussian distribution
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if `stddev` is negative

  - ### nextExponential

    default double nextExponential()
    Returns a nonnegative `double` value pseudorandomly chosen from an exponential distribution whose mean is 1.
    Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation uses McFarland's fast modified ziggurat algorithm (largely table-driven, with rare cases handled by computation and rejection sampling). Walker's alias method for sampling a discrete distribution also plays a role.
    Returns:
      a nonnegative `double` value pseudorandomly chosen from an exponential distribution