Module java.base
Package java.net

# Class URLPermission

java.lang.Object
java.security.Permission
java.net.URLPermission

All Implemented Interfaces:
  `Serializable`, `Guard`

public final class URLPermission extends Permission
Represents permission to access a resource or set of resources defined by a given url, and for a given set of user-settable request methods and request headers. The name of the permission is the url string. The actions string is a concatenation of the request methods and headers. The range of method and header names is not restricted by this class.

The url

The url string has the following expected structure.

         scheme : // authority [ / path ] [ ignored-query-or-fragment ]

scheme will typically be http or https, but is not restricted by this class. authority is specified as:

         authority = [ userinfo @ ] hostrange [ : portrange ]
         portrange = portnumber | -portnumber | portnumber-[portnumber] | *
         hostrange = ([*.] dnsname) | IPv4address | IPv6address

dnsname is a standard DNS host or domain name, i.e. one or more labels separated by ".". IPv4address is a standard literal IPv4 address and IPv6address is as defined in RFC 2732. Literal IPv6 addresses must however, be enclosed in '[]' characters. The dnsname specification can be preceded by "*." which means the name will match any hostname whose right-most domain labels are the same as this name. For example, "*.example.com" matches "foo.bar.example.com"

portrange is used to specify a port number, or a bounded or unbounded range of ports that this permission applies to. If portrange is absent or invalid, then a default port number is assumed if the scheme is `http` (default 80) or `https` (default 443). No default is assumed for other schemes. A wildcard may be specified which means all ports.

userinfo is optional. A userinfo component if present, is ignored when creating a URLPermission, and has no effect on any other methods defined by this class.

The path component comprises a sequence of path segments, separated by '/' characters. path may also be empty. The path is specified in a similar way to the path in `FilePermission`. There are three different ways as the following examples show:

URL Examples
Example url | Description
--- | ---
http://www.example.com/a/b/c.html | A url which identifies a specific (single) resource
http://www.example.com/a/b/* | The '*' character refers to all resources in the same "directory" - in other words all resources with the same number of path components, and which only differ in the final path component, represented by the '*'.
http://www.example.com/a/b/- | The '-' character refers to all resources recursively below the preceding path (e.g. http://www.example.com/a/b/c/d/e.html matches this example).

The '*' and '-' may only be specified in the final segment of a path and must be the only character in that segment. Any query or fragment components of the url are ignored when constructing URLPermissions.

As a special case, urls of the form, "scheme:*" are accepted to mean any url of the given scheme.

The scheme and authority components of the url string are handled without regard to case. This means `equals(Object)`, `hashCode()` and `implies(Permission)` are case insensitive with respect to these components. If the authority contains a literal IP address, then the address is normalized for comparison. The path component is case sensitive.

ignored-query-or-fragment refers to any query or fragment which appears after the path component, and which is ignored by the constructors of this class. It is defined as:

         ignored-query-or-fragment = [ ? query ] [ # fragment ]

where query and fragment are as defined in RFC2396. `getName()` therefore returns only the scheme, authority and path components of the url string that the permission was created with.

The actions string

The actions string of a URLPermission is a concatenation of the method list and the request headers list. These are lists of the permitted request methods and permitted request headers of the permission (respectively). The two lists are separated by a colon ':' character and elements of each list are comma separated. Some examples are:

- "POST,GET,DELETE"
- "GET:X-Foo-Request,X-Bar-Request"
- "POST,GET:Header1,Header2"

The first example specifies the methods: POST, GET and DELETE, but no request headers. The second example specifies one request method and two headers. The third example specifies two request methods, and two headers.

The colon separator need not be present if the request headers list is empty. No white-space is permitted in the actions string. The action strings supplied to the URLPermission constructors are case-insensitive and are normalized by converting method names to upper-case and header names to the form defines in RFC2616 (lower case with initial letter of each word capitalized). Either list can contain a wild-card '*' character which signifies all request methods or headers respectively.

Note. Depending on the context of use, some request methods and headers may be permitted at all times, and others may not be permitted at any time. For example, the HTTP protocol handler might disallow certain headers such as Content-Length from being set by application code, regardless of whether the security policy in force, permits it.

Since:
  1.8
See Also:
  - Serialized Form

- ## Constructor Summary

  Constructors
  Constructor
  Description
  `URLPermission(String url)`
  Creates a URLPermission with the given url string and unrestricted methods and request headers by invoking the two argument constructor as follows: URLPermission(url, "*:*")
  `URLPermission(String url, String actions)`
  Creates a new URLPermission from a url string and which permits the given request methods and user-settable request headers.

- ## Method Summary

  Modifier and Type
  Method
  Description
  `boolean`
  `equals(Object p)`
  Returns true if, this.getActions().equals(p.getActions()) and p's url equals this's url.
  `String`
  `getActions()`
  Returns the normalized method list and request header list, in the form:
  `int`
  `hashCode()`
  Returns a hashcode calculated from the hashcode of the actions String and the url string.
  `boolean`
  `implies(Permission p)`
  Checks if this URLPermission implies the given permission.

  ### Methods declared in class java.security.Permission

  `checkGuard, getName, newPermissionCollection, toString`

  ### Methods declared in class java.lang.Object

  `clone, finalize, getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait`

- ## Constructor Details

  - ### URLPermission

    public URLPermission(String url, String actions)
    Creates a new URLPermission from a url string and which permits the given request methods and user-settable request headers. The name of the permission is the url string it was created with. Only the scheme, authority and path components of the url are used internally. Any fragment or query components are ignored. The permissions action string is as specified above.
    Parameters:
      `url` - the url string
      `actions` - the actions string
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if url is invalid or if actions contains white-space.

  - ### URLPermission

    public URLPermission(String url)
    Creates a URLPermission with the given url string and unrestricted methods and request headers by invoking the two argument constructor as follows: URLPermission(url, "*:*")
    Parameters:
      `url` - the url string
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if url does not result in a valid `URI`

- ## Method Details

  - ### getActions

    public String getActions()
    Returns the normalized method list and request header list, in the form:

              "method-names : header-names"

    where method-names is the list of methods separated by commas and header-names is the list of permitted headers separated by commas. There is no white space in the returned String. If header-names is empty then the colon separator may not be present.

    Specified by:
      `getActions` in class `Permission`
    Returns:
      the actions of this `Permission`.

  - ### implies

    public boolean implies(Permission p)
    Checks if this URLPermission implies the given permission. Specifically, the following checks are done as if in the following sequence:
    - if 'p' is not an instance of URLPermission return false
    - if any of p's methods are not in this's method list, and if this's method list is not equal to "*", then return false.
    - if any of p's headers are not in this's request header list, and if this's request header list is not equal to "*", then return false.
    - if this's url scheme is not equal to p's url scheme return false
    - if the scheme specific part of this's url is '*' return true
    - if the set of hosts defined by p's url hostrange is not a subset of this's url hostrange then return false. For example, "*.foo.example.com" is a subset of "*.example.com". "foo.bar.example.com" is not a subset of "*.foo.example.com"
    - if the portrange defined by p's url is not a subset of the portrange defined by this's url then return false.
    - if the path or paths specified by p's url are contained in the set of paths specified by this's url, then return true
    - otherwise, return false

    Some examples of how paths are matched are shown below:

    Examples of Path Matching
    this's path | p's path | match
    --- | --- | ---
    /a/b | /a/b | yes
    /a/b/* | /a/b/c | yes
    /a/b/c/d | no
    /a/b/c/- | no
    /a/b/- | /a/b/c/d | yes
    /a/b/c/d/e | yes
    /a/b/c/* | yes

    Specified by:
      `implies` in class `Permission`
    Parameters:
      `p` - the permission to check against.
    Returns:
      `true` if the specified permission is implied by this object, `false` if not.

  - ### equals

    public boolean equals(Object p)
    Returns true if, this.getActions().equals(p.getActions()) and p's url equals this's url. Returns false otherwise.
    Specified by:
      `equals` in class `Permission`
    Parameters:
      `p` - the object we are testing for equality with this object.
    Returns:
      `true` if both `Permission` objects are equivalent.
    See Also:
      - `Object.hashCode()`
      - `HashMap`

  - ### hashCode

    public int hashCode()
    Returns a hashcode calculated from the hashcode of the actions String and the url string.
    Specified by:
      `hashCode` in class `Permission`
    Returns:
      a hash code value for this object.
    See Also:
      - `Object.equals(java.lang.Object)`
      - `System.identityHashCode(java.lang.Object)`