Module java.sql.rowset
Package javax.sql.rowset

# Class BaseRowSet

java.lang.Object
javax.sql.rowset.BaseRowSet

All Implemented Interfaces:
  `Serializable`, `Cloneable`

public abstract class BaseRowSet extends Object implements Serializable, Cloneable
An abstract class providing a `RowSet` object with its basic functionality. The basic functions include having properties and sending event notifications, which all JavaBeans components must implement.

## 1.0 Overview

The `BaseRowSet` class provides the core functionality for all `RowSet` implementations, and all standard implementations may use this class in combination with one or more `RowSet` interfaces in order to provide a standard vendor-specific implementation. To clarify, all implementations must implement at least one of the `RowSet` interfaces (`JdbcRowSet`, `CachedRowSet`, `JoinRowSet`, `FilteredRowSet`, or `WebRowSet`). This means that any implementation that extends the `BaseRowSet` class must also implement one of the `RowSet` interfaces.

The `BaseRowSet` class provides the following:

- Properties
  - Fields for storing current properties
  - Methods for getting and setting properties
- Event notification
- A complete set of setter methods for setting the parameters in a `RowSet` object's command
- Streams
  - Fields for storing stream instances
  - Constants for indicating the type of a stream

## 2.0 Setting Properties

All rowsets maintain a set of properties, which will usually be set using a tool. The number and kinds of properties a rowset has will vary, depending on what the `RowSet` implementation does and how it gets its data. For example, rowsets that get their data from a `ResultSet` object need to set the properties that are required for making a database connection. If a `RowSet` object uses the `DriverManager` facility to make a connection, it needs to set a property for the JDBC URL that identifies the appropriate driver, and it needs to set the properties that give the user name and password. If, on the other hand, the rowset uses a `DataSource` object to make the connection, which is the preferred method, it does not need to set the property for the JDBC URL. Instead, it needs to set the property for the logical name of the data source along with the properties for the user name and password.

NOTE: In order to use a `DataSource` object for making a connection, the `DataSource` object must have been registered with a naming service that uses the Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) API. This registration is usually done by a person acting in the capacity of a system administrator.

## 3.0 Setting the Command and Its Parameters

When a rowset gets its data from a relational database, it executes a command (a query) that produces a `ResultSet` object. This query is the command that is set for the `RowSet` object's command property. The rowset populates itself with data by reading the data from the `ResultSet` object into itself. If the query contains placeholders for values to be set, the `BaseRowSet` setter methods are used to set these values. All setter methods allow these values to be set to `null` if required.

The following code fragment illustrates how the `CachedRowSet` object `crs` might have its command property set. Note that if a tool is used to set properties, this is the code that the tool would use.

        crs.setCommand("SELECT FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, ADDRESS FROM CUSTOMERS" +
                       "WHERE CREDIT_LIMIT > ? AND REGION = ?");

In this example, the values for `CREDIT_LIMIT` and `REGION` are placeholder parameters, which are indicated with a question mark (?). The first question mark is placeholder parameter number `1`, the second question mark is placeholder parameter number `2`, and so on. Any placeholder parameters must be set with values before the query can be executed. To set these placeholder parameters, the `BaseRowSet` class provides a set of setter methods, similar to those provided by the `PreparedStatement` interface, for setting values of each data type. A `RowSet` object stores the parameter values internally, and its `execute` method uses them internally to set values for the placeholder parameters before it sends the command to the DBMS to be executed.

The following code fragment demonstrates setting the two parameters in the query from the previous example.

        crs.setInt(1, 5000);
        crs.setString(2, "West");

If the `execute` method is called at this point, the query sent to the DBMS will be:

        "SELECT FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, ADDRESS FROM CUSTOMERS" +
                       "WHERE CREDIT_LIMIT > 5000 AND REGION = 'West'"

NOTE: Setting `Array`, `Clob`, `Blob` and `Ref` objects as a command parameter, stores these values as `SerialArray`, `SerialClob`, `SerialBlob` and `SerialRef` objects respectively.

## 4.0 Handling of Parameters Behind the Scenes

NOTE: The `BaseRowSet` class provides two kinds of setter methods, those that set properties and those that set placeholder parameters. The setter methods discussed in this section are those that set placeholder parameters.

The placeholder parameters set with the `BaseRowSet` setter methods are stored as objects in an internal `Hashtable` object. Primitives are stored as their `Object` type. For example, `byte` is stored as `Byte` object, and `int` is stored as an `Integer` object. When the method `execute` is called, the values in the `Hashtable` object are substituted for the appropriate placeholder parameters in the command.

A call to the method `getParams` returns the values stored in the `Hashtable` object as an array of `Object` instances. An element in this array may be a simple `Object` instance or an array (which is a type of `Object`). The particular setter method used determines whether an element in this array is an `Object` or an array.

The majority of methods for setting placeholder parameters take two parameters, with the first parameter indicating which placeholder parameter is to be set, and the second parameter giving the value to be set. Methods such as `setInt`, `setString`, `setBoolean`, and `setLong` fall into this category. After these methods have been called, a call to the method `getParams` will return an array with the values that have been set. Each element in the array is an `Object` instance representing the values that have been set. The order of these values in the array is determined by the `int` (the first parameter) passed to the setter method. The values in the array are the values (the second parameter) passed to the setter method. In other words, the first element in the array is the value to be set for the first placeholder parameter in the `RowSet` object's command. The second element is the value to be set for the second placeholder parameter, and so on.

Several setter methods send the driver and DBMS information beyond the value to be set. When the method `getParams` is called after one of these setter methods has been used, the elements in the array will themselves be arrays to accommodate the additional information. In this category, the method `setNull` is a special case because one version takes only two parameters (`setNull(int parameterIndex, int SqlType)`). Nevertheless, it requires an array to contain the information that will be passed to the driver and DBMS. The first element in this array is the value to be set, which is `null`, and the second element is the `int` supplied for sqlType, which indicates the type of SQL value that is being set to `null`. This information is needed by some DBMSs and is therefore required in order to ensure that applications are portable. The other version is intended to be used when the value to be set to `null` is a user-defined type. It takes three parameters (`setNull(int parameterIndex, int sqlType, String typeName)`) and also requires an array to contain the information to be passed to the driver and DBMS. The first two elements in this array are the same as for the first version of `setNull`. The third element, typeName, gives the SQL name of the user-defined type. As is true with the other setter methods, the number of the placeholder parameter to be set is indicated by an element's position in the array returned by `getParams`. So, for example, if the parameter supplied to `setNull` is `2`, the second element in the array returned by `getParams` will be an array of two or three elements.

Some methods, such as `setObject` and `setDate` have versions that take more than two parameters, with the extra parameters giving information to the driver or the DBMS. For example, the methods `setDate`, `setTime`, and `setTimestamp` can take a `Calendar` object as their third parameter. If the DBMS does not store time zone information, the driver uses the `Calendar` object to construct the `Date`, `Time`, or `Timestamp` object being set. As is true with other methods that provide additional information, the element in the array returned by `getParams` is an array instead of a simple `Object` instance.

The methods `setAsciiStream`, `setBinaryStream`, `setCharacterStream`, and `setUnicodeStream` (which is deprecated, so applications should use `getCharacterStream` instead) take three parameters, so for them, the element in the array returned by `getParams` is also an array. What is different about these setter methods is that in addition to the information provided by parameters, the array contains one of the `BaseRowSet` constants indicating the type of stream being set.

NOTE: The method `getParams` is called internally by `RowSet` implementations extending this class; it is not normally called by an application programmer directly.

## 5.0 Event Notification

The `BaseRowSet` class provides the event notification mechanism for rowsets. It contains the field `listeners`, methods for adding and removing listeners, and methods for notifying listeners of changes.

A listener is an object that has implemented the `RowSetListener` interface. If it has been added to a `RowSet` object's list of listeners, it will be notified when an event occurs on that `RowSet` object. Each listener's implementation of the `RowSetListener` methods defines what that object will do when it is notified that an event has occurred.

There are three possible events for a `RowSet` object:

1. the cursor moves
2. an individual row is changed (updated, deleted, or inserted)
3. the contents of the entire `RowSet` object are changed

The `BaseRowSet` method used for the notification indicates the type of event that has occurred. For example, the method `notifyRowChanged` indicates that a row has been updated, deleted, or inserted. Each of the notification methods creates a `RowSetEvent` object, which is supplied to the listener in order to identify the `RowSet` object on which the event occurred. What the listener does with this information, which may be nothing, depends on how it was implemented.

## 6.0 Default Behavior

A default `BaseRowSet` object is initialized with many starting values. The following is true of a default `RowSet` instance that extends the `BaseRowSet` class:

- Has a scrollable cursor and does not show changes made by others.
- Is updatable.
- Does not show rows that have been deleted.
- Has no time limit for how long a driver may take to execute the `RowSet` object's command.
- Has no limit for the number of rows it may contain.
- Has no limit for the number of bytes a column may contain. NOTE: This limit applies only to columns that hold values of the following types: `BINARY`, `VARBINARY`, `LONGVARBINARY`, `CHAR`, `VARCHAR`, and `LONGVARCHAR`.
- Will not see uncommitted data (make "dirty" reads).
- Has escape processing turned on.
- Has its connection's type map set to `null`.
- Has an empty `Vector` object for storing the values set for the placeholder parameters in the `RowSet` object's command.

If other values are desired, an application must set the property values explicitly. For example, the following line of code sets the maximum number of rows for the `CachedRowSet` object crs to 500.

        crs.setMaxRows(500);

Methods implemented in extensions of this `BaseRowSet` class must throw an `SQLException` object for any violation of the defined assertions. Also, if the extending class overrides and reimplements any `BaseRowSet` method and encounters connectivity or underlying data source issues, that method may in addition throw an `SQLException` object for that reason.

Since:
  1.5
See Also:
  - Serialized Form

- ## Field Summary

  Fields
  Modifier and Type
  Field
  Description
  `static final int`
  `ASCII_STREAM_PARAM`
  A constant indicating to a `RowSetReaderImpl` object that a given parameter is an ASCII stream.
  `protected InputStream`
  `asciiStream`
  The `InputStream` object that will be returned by the method `getAsciiStream`, which is specified in the `ResultSet` interface.
  `static final int`
  `BINARY_STREAM_PARAM`
  A constant indicating to a `RowSetReaderImpl` object that a given parameter is a binary stream.
  `protected InputStream`
  `binaryStream`
  The `InputStream` object that will be returned by the method `getBinaryStream`, which is specified in the `ResultSet` interface.
  `protected Reader`
  `charStream`
  The `Reader` object that will be returned by the method `getCharacterStream`, which is specified in the `ResultSet` interface.
  `static final int`
  `UNICODE_STREAM_PARAM`
  A constant indicating to a `RowSetReaderImpl` object that a given parameter is a Unicode stream.
  `protected InputStream`
  `unicodeStream`
  The `InputStream` object that will be returned by the method `getUnicodeStream`, which is specified in the `ResultSet` interface.

- ## Constructor Summary

  Constructors
  Constructor
  Description
  `BaseRowSet()`
  Constructs a new `BaseRowSet` object initialized with a default `Vector` object for its `listeners` field.

- ## Method Summary

  Modifier and Type
  Method
  Description
  `void`
  `addRowSetListener(RowSetListener listener)`
  The listener will be notified whenever an event occurs on this `RowSet` object.
  `void`
  `clearParameters()`
  Clears all of the current parameter values in this `RowSet` object's internal representation of the parameters to be set in this `RowSet` object's command when it is executed.
  `String`
  `getCommand()`
  Retrieves the SQL query that is the command for this `RowSet` object.
  `int`
  `getConcurrency()`
  Returns the concurrency for this `RowSet` object.
  `String`
  `getDataSourceName()`
  Returns the logical name that when supplied to a naming service that uses the Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) API, will retrieve a `javax.sql.DataSource` object.
  `boolean`
  `getEscapeProcessing()`
  Ascertains whether escape processing is enabled for this `RowSet` object.
  `int`
  `getFetchDirection()`
  Retrieves this `RowSet` object's current setting for the fetch direction.
  `int`
  `getFetchSize()`
  Returns the fetch size for this `RowSet` object.
  `int`
  `getMaxFieldSize()`
  Retrieves the maximum number of bytes that can be used for a column value in this `RowSet` object.
  `int`
  `getMaxRows()`
  Retrieves the maximum number of rows that this `RowSet` object may contain.
  `Object[]`
  `getParams()`
  Retrieves an array containing the parameter values (both Objects and primitives) that have been set for this `RowSet` object's command and throws an `SQLException` object if all parameters have not been set.
  `String`
  `getPassword()`
  Returns the password used to create a database connection for this `RowSet` object.
  `int`
  `getQueryTimeout()`
  Retrieves the maximum number of seconds the driver will wait for a query to execute.
  `boolean`
  `getShowDeleted()`
  Retrieves a `boolean` indicating whether rows marked for deletion appear in the set of current rows.
  `int`
  `getTransactionIsolation()`
  Returns the transaction isolation property for this `RowSet` object's connection.
  `int`
  `getType()`
  Returns the type of this `RowSet` object.
  `Map<String,Class<?>>`
  `getTypeMap()`
  Retrieves the type map associated with the `Connection` object for this `RowSet` object.
  `String`
  `getUrl()`
  Retrieves the JDBC URL that this `RowSet` object's `javax.sql.Reader` object uses to make a connection with a relational database using a JDBC technology-enabled driver.
  `String`
  `getUsername()`
  Returns the user name used to create a database connection.
  `protected void`
  `initParams()`
  Performs the necessary internal configurations and initializations to allow any JDBC `RowSet` implementation to start using the standard facilities provided by a `BaseRowSet` instance.
  `boolean`
  `isReadOnly()`
  Returns a `boolean` indicating whether this `RowSet` object is read-only.
  `protected void`
  `notifyCursorMoved()`
  Notifies all of the listeners registered with this `RowSet` object that its cursor has moved.
  `protected void`
  `notifyRowChanged()`
  Notifies all of the listeners registered with this `RowSet` object that one of its rows has changed.
  `protected void`
  `notifyRowSetChanged()`
  Notifies all of the listeners registered with this `RowSet` object that its entire contents have changed.
  `void`
  `removeRowSetListener(RowSetListener listener)`
  Removes the designated object from this `RowSet` object's list of listeners.
  `void`
  `setArray(int parameterIndex, Array array)`
  Sets the designated parameter to an `Array` object in the Java programming language.
  `void`
  `setAsciiStream(int parameterIndex, InputStream x)`
  Sets the designated parameter in this `RowSet` object's command to the given input stream.
  `void`
  `setAsciiStream(int parameterIndex, InputStream x, int length)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.io.InputStream` object, which will have the specified number of bytes.
  `void`
  `setAsciiStream(String parameterName, InputStream x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream.
  `void`
  `setAsciiStream(String parameterName, InputStream x, int length)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream, which will have the specified number of bytes.
  `void`
  `setBigDecimal(int parameterIndex, BigDecimal x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.lang.BigDecimal` value.
  `void`
  `setBigDecimal(String parameterName, BigDecimal x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.math.BigDecimal` value.
  `void`
  `setBinaryStream(int parameterIndex, InputStream x)`
  Sets the designated parameter in this `RowSet` object's command to the given input stream.
  `void`
  `setBinaryStream(int parameterIndex, InputStream x, int length)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.io.InputStream` object, which will have the specified number of bytes.
  `void`
  `setBinaryStream(String parameterName, InputStream x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream.
  `void`
  `setBinaryStream(String parameterName, InputStream x, int length)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream, which will have the specified number of bytes.
  `void`
  `setBlob(int parameterIndex, InputStream inputStream)`
  Sets the designated parameter to a `InputStream` object.
  `void`
  `setBlob(int parameterIndex, InputStream inputStream, long length)`
  Sets the designated parameter to a `InputStream` object.
  `void`
  `setBlob(int parameterIndex, Blob x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `Blob` object in the Java programming language.
  `void`
  `setBlob(String parameterName, InputStream inputStream)`
  Sets the designated parameter to a `InputStream` object.
  `void`
  `setBlob(String parameterName, InputStream inputStream, long length)`
  Sets the designated parameter to a `InputStream` object.
  `void`
  `setBlob(String parameterName, Blob x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.Blob` object.
  `void`
  `setBoolean(int parameterIndex, boolean x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `boolean` in the Java programming language.
  `void`
  `setBoolean(String parameterName, boolean x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given Java `boolean` value.
  `void`
  `setByte(int parameterIndex, byte x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `byte` in the Java programming language.
  `void`
  `setByte(String parameterName, byte x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given Java `byte` value.
  `void`
  `setBytes(int parameterIndex, byte[] x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given array of bytes.
  `void`
  `setBytes(String parameterName, byte[] x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given Java array of bytes.
  `void`
  `setCharacterStream(int parameterIndex, Reader reader)`
  Sets the designated parameter in this `RowSet` object's command to the given `Reader` object.
  `void`
  `setCharacterStream(int parameterIndex, Reader reader, int length)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.io.Reader` object, which will have the specified number of characters.
  `void`
  `setCharacterStream(String parameterName, Reader reader)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `Reader` object.
  `void`
  `setCharacterStream(String parameterName, Reader reader, int length)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `Reader` object, which is the given number of characters long.
  `void`
  `setClob(int parameterIndex, Reader reader)`
  Sets the designated parameter to a `Reader` object.
  `void`
  `setClob(int parameterIndex, Reader reader, long length)`
  Sets the designated parameter to a `Reader` object.
  `void`
  `setClob(int parameterIndex, Clob x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `Clob` object in the Java programming language.
  `void`
  `setClob(String parameterName, Reader reader)`
  Sets the designated parameter to a `Reader` object.
  `void`
  `setClob(String parameterName, Reader reader, long length)`
  Sets the designated parameter to a `Reader` object.
  `void`
  `setClob(String parameterName, Clob x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.Clob` object.
  `void`
  `setCommand(String cmd)`
  Sets this `RowSet` object's `command` property to the given `String` object and clears the parameters, if any, that were set for the previous command.
  `void`
  `setConcurrency(int concurrency)`
  Sets the concurrency for this `RowSet` object to the specified concurrency.
  `void`
  `setDataSourceName(String name)`
  Sets the `DataSource` name property for this `RowSet` object to the given logical name and sets this `RowSet` object's Url property to `null`.
  `void`
  `setDate(int parameterIndex, Date x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.Date` value.
  `void`
  `setDate(int parameterIndex, Date x, Calendar cal)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.Date` object.
  `void`
  `setDate(String parameterName, Date x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.Date` value using the default time zone of the virtual machine that is running the application.
  `void`
  `setDate(String parameterName, Date x, Calendar cal)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.Date` value, using the given `Calendar` object.
  `void`
  `setDouble(int parameterIndex, double x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `double` in the Java programming language.
  `void`
  `setDouble(String parameterName, double x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given Java `double` value.
  `void`
  `setEscapeProcessing(boolean enable)`
  Sets to the given `boolean` whether or not the driver will scan for escape syntax and do escape substitution before sending SQL statements to the database.
  `void`
  `setFetchDirection(int direction)`
  Gives the driver a performance hint as to the direction in which the rows in this `RowSet` object will be processed.
  `void`
  `setFetchSize(int rows)`
  Sets the fetch size for this `RowSet` object to the given number of rows.
  `void`
  `setFloat(int parameterIndex, float x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `float` in the Java programming language.
  `void`
  `setFloat(String parameterName, float x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given Java `float` value.
  `void`
  `setInt(int parameterIndex, int x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to an `int` in the Java programming language.
  `void`
  `setInt(String parameterName, int x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given Java `int` value.
  `void`
  `setLong(int parameterIndex, long x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `long` in the Java programming language.
  `void`
  `setLong(String parameterName, long x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given Java `long` value.
  `void`
  `setMaxFieldSize(int max)`
  Sets the maximum number of bytes that can be used for a column value in this `RowSet` object to the given number.
  `void`
  `setMaxRows(int max)`
  Sets the maximum number of rows that this `RowSet` object may contain to the given number.
  `void`
  `setNCharacterStream(int parameterIndex, Reader value)`
  Sets the designated parameter in this `RowSet` object's command to a `Reader` object.
  `void`
  `setNCharacterStream(int parameterIndex, Reader value, long length)`
  Sets the designated parameter to a `Reader` object.
  `void`
  `setNCharacterStream(String parameterName, Reader value)`
  Sets the designated parameter to a `Reader` object.
  `void`
  `setNCharacterStream(String parameterName, Reader value, long length)`
  Sets the designated parameter to a `Reader` object.
  `void`
  `setNClob(int parameterIndex, Reader reader)`
  Sets the designated parameter to a `Reader` object.
  `void`
  `setNClob(int parameterIndex, Reader reader, long length)`
  Sets the designated parameter to a `Reader` object.
  `void`
  `setNClob(int parameterIndex, NClob value)`
  Sets the designated parameter to a `java.sql.NClob` object.
  `void`
  `setNClob(String parameterName, Reader reader)`
  Sets the designated parameter to a `Reader` object.
  `void`
  `setNClob(String parameterName, Reader reader, long length)`
  Sets the designated parameter to a `Reader` object.
  `void`
  `setNClob(String parameterName, NClob value)`
  Sets the designated parameter to a `java.sql.NClob` object.
  `void`
  `setNString(int parameterIndex, String value)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `String` object.
  `void`
  `setNString(String parameterName, String value)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `String` object.
  `void`
  `setNull(int parameterIndex, int sqlType)`
  Sets the designated parameter to SQL `NULL`.
  `void`
  `setNull(int parameterIndex, int sqlType, String typeName)`
  Sets the designated parameter to SQL `NULL`.
  `void`
  `setNull(String parameterName, int sqlType)`
  Sets the designated parameter to SQL `NULL`.
  `void`
  `setNull(String parameterName, int sqlType, String typeName)`
  Sets the designated parameter to SQL `NULL`.
  `void`
  `setObject(int parameterIndex, Object x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to an `Object` in the Java programming language.
  `void`
  `setObject(int parameterIndex, Object x, int targetSqlType)`
  Sets the value of the designated parameter with the given `Object` value.
  `void`
  `setObject(int parameterIndex, Object x, int targetSqlType, int scale)`
  Sets the designated parameter to an `Object` in the Java programming language.
  `void`
  `setObject(String parameterName, Object x)`
  Sets the value of the designated parameter with the given object.
  `void`
  `setObject(String parameterName, Object x, int targetSqlType)`
  Sets the value of the designated parameter with the given object.
  `void`
  `setObject(String parameterName, Object x, int targetSqlType, int scale)`
  Sets the value of the designated parameter with the given object.
  `void`
  `setPassword(String pass)`
  Sets the password used to create a database connection for this `RowSet` object to the given `String` object.
  `void`
  `setQueryTimeout(int seconds)`
  Sets to the given number the maximum number of seconds the driver will wait for a query to execute.
  `void`
  `setReadOnly(boolean value)`
  Sets this `RowSet` object's readOnly property to the given `boolean`.
  `void`
  `setRef(int parameterIndex, Ref ref)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `Ref` object in the Java programming language.
  `void`
  `setRowId(int parameterIndex, RowId x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.RowId` object.
  `void`
  `setRowId(String parameterName, RowId x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.RowId` object.
  `void`
  `setShort(int parameterIndex, short x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `short` in the Java programming language.
  `void`
  `setShort(String parameterName, short x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given Java `short` value.
  `void`
  `setShowDeleted(boolean value)`
  Sets the property `showDeleted` to the given `boolean` value, which determines whether rows marked for deletion appear in the set of current rows.
  `void`
  `setSQLXML(int parameterIndex, SQLXML xmlObject)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.SQLXML` object.
  `void`
  `setSQLXML(String parameterName, SQLXML xmlObject)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.SQLXML` object.
  `void`
  `setString(int parameterIndex, String x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `String` value.
  `void`
  `setString(String parameterName, String x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given Java `String` value.
  `void`
  `setTime(int parameterIndex, Time x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.Time` value.
  `void`
  `setTime(int parameterIndex, Time x, Calendar cal)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.Time` object.
  `void`
  `setTime(String parameterName, Time x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.Time` value.
  `void`
  `setTime(String parameterName, Time x, Calendar cal)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.Time` value, using the given `Calendar` object.
  `void`
  `setTimestamp(int parameterIndex, Timestamp x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.Timestamp` value.
  `void`
  `setTimestamp(int parameterIndex, Timestamp x, Calendar cal)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.Timestamp` object.
  `void`
  `setTimestamp(String parameterName, Timestamp x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.Timestamp` value.
  `void`
  `setTimestamp(String parameterName, Timestamp x, Calendar cal)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.Timestamp` value, using the given `Calendar` object.
  `void`
  `setTransactionIsolation(int level)`
  Sets the transaction isolation property for this JDBC `RowSet` object to the given constant.
  `void`
  `setType(int type)`
  Sets the type for this `RowSet` object to the specified type.
  `void`
  `setTypeMap(Map<String,Class<?>> map)`
  Installs the given `java.util.Map` object as the type map associated with the `Connection` object for this `RowSet` object.
  `void`
  `setUnicodeStream(int parameterIndex, InputStream x, int length)`
  Deprecated.
  getCharacterStream should be used in its place
  `void`
  `setUrl(String url)`
  Sets the Url property for this `RowSet` object to the given `String` object and sets the dataSource name property to `null`.
  `void`
  `setURL(int parameterIndex, URL x)`
  Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.net.URL` value.
  `void`
  `setUsername(String name)`
  Sets the username property for this `RowSet` object to the given user name.

  ### Methods declared in class java.lang.Object

  `clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`

- ## Field Details

  - ### UNICODE_STREAM_PARAM

    public static final int UNICODE_STREAM_PARAM
    A constant indicating to a `RowSetReaderImpl` object that a given parameter is a Unicode stream. This `RowSetReaderImpl` object is provided as an extension of the `SyncProvider` abstract class defined in the `SyncFactory` static factory SPI mechanism.
    See Also:
      - Constant Field Values

  - ### BINARY_STREAM_PARAM

    public static final int BINARY_STREAM_PARAM
    A constant indicating to a `RowSetReaderImpl` object that a given parameter is a binary stream. A `RowSetReaderImpl` object is provided as an extension of the `SyncProvider` abstract class defined in the `SyncFactory` static factory SPI mechanism.
    See Also:
      - Constant Field Values

  - ### ASCII_STREAM_PARAM

    public static final int ASCII_STREAM_PARAM
    A constant indicating to a `RowSetReaderImpl` object that a given parameter is an ASCII stream. A `RowSetReaderImpl` object is provided as an extension of the `SyncProvider` abstract class defined in the `SyncFactory` static factory SPI mechanism.
    See Also:
      - Constant Field Values

  - ### binaryStream

    protected InputStream binaryStream
    The `InputStream` object that will be returned by the method `getBinaryStream`, which is specified in the `ResultSet` interface.

  - ### unicodeStream

    protected InputStream unicodeStream
    The `InputStream` object that will be returned by the method `getUnicodeStream`, which is specified in the `ResultSet` interface.

  - ### asciiStream

    protected InputStream asciiStream
    The `InputStream` object that will be returned by the method `getAsciiStream`, which is specified in the `ResultSet` interface.

  - ### charStream

    protected Reader charStream
    The `Reader` object that will be returned by the method `getCharacterStream`, which is specified in the `ResultSet` interface.

- ## Constructor Details

  - ### BaseRowSet

    public BaseRowSet()
    Constructs a new `BaseRowSet` object initialized with a default `Vector` object for its `listeners` field. The other default values with which it is initialized are listed in Section 6.0 of the class comment for this class.

- ## Method Details

  - ### initParams

    protected void initParams()
    Performs the necessary internal configurations and initializations to allow any JDBC `RowSet` implementation to start using the standard facilities provided by a `BaseRowSet` instance. This method should be called after the `RowSet` object has been instantiated to correctly initialize all parameters. This method should never be called by an application, but is called from with a `RowSet` implementation extending this class.

  - ### addRowSetListener

    public void addRowSetListener(RowSetListener listener)
    The listener will be notified whenever an event occurs on this `RowSet` object.

    A listener might, for example, be a table or graph that needs to be updated in order to accurately reflect the current state of the `RowSet` object.

    Note: if the `RowSetListener` object is `null`, this method silently discards the `null` value and does not add a null reference to the set of listeners.

    Note: if the listener is already set, and the new `RowSetListener` instance is added to the set of listeners already registered to receive event notifications from this `RowSet`.

    Parameters:
      `listener` - an object that has implemented the `javax.sql.RowSetListener` interface and wants to be notified of any events that occur on this `RowSet` object; May be null.
    See Also:
      - `removeRowSetListener(javax.sql.RowSetListener)`

  - ### removeRowSetListener

    public void removeRowSetListener(RowSetListener listener)
    Removes the designated object from this `RowSet` object's list of listeners. If the given argument is not a registered listener, this method does nothing. Note: if the `RowSetListener` object is `null`, this method silently discards the `null` value.
    Parameters:
      `listener` - a `RowSetListener` object that is on the list of listeners for this `RowSet` object
    See Also:
      - `addRowSetListener(javax.sql.RowSetListener)`

  - ### notifyCursorMoved

    protected void notifyCursorMoved() throws SQLException
    Notifies all of the listeners registered with this `RowSet` object that its cursor has moved.

    When an application calls a method to move the cursor, that method moves the cursor and then calls this method internally. An application should never invoke this method directly.

    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if the class extending the `BaseRowSet` abstract class does not implement the `RowSet` interface or one of it's sub-interfaces.

  - ### notifyRowChanged

    protected void notifyRowChanged() throws SQLException
    Notifies all of the listeners registered with this `RowSet` object that one of its rows has changed.

    When an application calls a method that changes a row, such as the `CachedRowSet` methods `insertRow`, `updateRow`, or `deleteRow`, that method calls `notifyRowChanged` internally. An application should never invoke this method directly.

    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if the class extending the `BaseRowSet` abstract class does not implement the `RowSet` interface or one of it's sub-interfaces.

  - ### notifyRowSetChanged

    protected void notifyRowSetChanged() throws SQLException
    Notifies all of the listeners registered with this `RowSet` object that its entire contents have changed.

    When an application calls methods that change the entire contents of the `RowSet` object, such as the `CachedRowSet` methods `execute`, `populate`, `restoreOriginal`, or `release`, that method calls `notifyRowSetChanged` internally (either directly or indirectly). An application should never invoke this method directly.

    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if the class extending the `BaseRowSet` abstract class does not implement the `RowSet` interface or one of it's sub-interfaces.

  - ### getCommand

    public String getCommand()
    Retrieves the SQL query that is the command for this `RowSet` object. The command property contains the query that will be executed to populate this `RowSet` object.

    The SQL query returned by this method is used by `RowSet` methods such as `execute` and `populate`, which may be implemented by any class that extends the `BaseRowSet` abstract class and implements one or more of the standard JSR-114 `RowSet` interfaces.

    The command is used by the `RowSet` object's reader to obtain a `ResultSet` object. The reader then reads the data from the `ResultSet` object and uses it to to populate this `RowSet` object.

    The default value for the `command` property is `null`.

    Returns:
      the `String` that is the value for this `RowSet` object's `command` property; may be `null`
    See Also:
      - `setCommand(java.lang.String)`

  - ### setCommand

    public void setCommand(String cmd) throws SQLException
    Sets this `RowSet` object's `command` property to the given `String` object and clears the parameters, if any, that were set for the previous command.

    The `command` property may not be needed if the `RowSet` object gets its data from a source that does not support commands, such as a spreadsheet or other tabular file. Thus, this property is optional and may be `null`.

    Parameters:
      `cmd` - a `String` object containing an SQL query that will be set as this `RowSet` object's command property; may be `null` but may not be an empty string
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an empty string is provided as the command value
    See Also:
      - `getCommand()`

  - ### getUrl

    public String getUrl() throws SQLException
    Retrieves the JDBC URL that this `RowSet` object's `javax.sql.Reader` object uses to make a connection with a relational database using a JDBC technology-enabled driver.

    The `Url` property will be `null` if the underlying data source is a non-SQL data source, such as a spreadsheet or an XML data source.

    Returns:
      a `String` object that contains the JDBC URL used to establish the connection for this `RowSet` object; may be `null` (default value) if not set
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs retrieving the URL value
    See Also:
      - `setUrl(java.lang.String)`

  - ### setUrl

    public void setUrl(String url) throws SQLException
    Sets the Url property for this `RowSet` object to the given `String` object and sets the dataSource name property to `null`. The Url property is a JDBC URL that is used when the connection is created using a JDBC technology-enabled driver ("JDBC driver") and the `DriverManager`. The correct JDBC URL for the specific driver to be used can be found in the driver documentation. Although there are guidelines for how a JDBC URL is formed, a driver vendor can specify any `String` object except one with a length of `0` (an empty string).

    Setting the Url property is optional if connections are established using a `DataSource` object instead of the `DriverManager`. The driver will use either the URL property or the dataSourceName property to create a connection, whichever was specified most recently. If an application uses a JDBC URL, it must load a JDBC driver that accepts the JDBC URL before it uses the `RowSet` object to connect to a database. The `RowSet` object will use the URL internally to create a database connection in order to read or write data.

    Parameters:
      `url` - a `String` object that contains the JDBC URL that will be used to establish the connection to a database for this `RowSet` object; may be `null` but must not be an empty string
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs setting the Url property or the parameter supplied is a string with a length of `0` (an empty string)
    See Also:
      - `getUrl()`

  - ### getDataSourceName

    public String getDataSourceName()
    Returns the logical name that when supplied to a naming service that uses the Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) API, will retrieve a `javax.sql.DataSource` object. This `DataSource` object can be used to establish a connection to the data source that it represents.

    Users should set either the url or the data source name property. The driver will use the property set most recently to establish a connection.

    Returns:
      a `String` object that identifies the `DataSource` object to be used for making a connection; if no logical name has been set, `null` is returned.
    See Also:
      - `setDataSourceName(java.lang.String)`

  - ### setDataSourceName

    public void setDataSourceName(String name) throws SQLException
    Sets the `DataSource` name property for this `RowSet` object to the given logical name and sets this `RowSet` object's Url property to `null`. The name must have been bound to a `DataSource` object in a JNDI naming service so that an application can do a lookup using that name to retrieve the `DataSource` object bound to it. The `DataSource` object can then be used to establish a connection to the data source it represents.

    Users should set either the Url property or the dataSourceName property. If both properties are set, the driver will use the property set most recently.

    Parameters:
      `name` - a `String` object with the name that can be supplied to a naming service based on JNDI technology to retrieve the `DataSource` object that can be used to get a connection; may be `null` but must not be an empty string
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an empty string is provided as the `DataSource` name
    See Also:
      - `getDataSourceName()`

  - ### getUsername

    public String getUsername()
    Returns the user name used to create a database connection. Because it is not serialized, the username property is set at runtime before calling the method `execute`.
    Returns:
      the `String` object containing the user name that is supplied to the data source to create a connection; may be `null` (default value) if not set
    See Also:
      - `setUsername(java.lang.String)`

  - ### setUsername

    public void setUsername(String name)
    Sets the username property for this `RowSet` object to the given user name. Because it is not serialized, the username property is set at run time before calling the method `execute`.
    Parameters:
      `name` - the `String` object containing the user name that is supplied to the data source to create a connection. It may be null.
    See Also:
      - `getUsername()`

  - ### getPassword

    public String getPassword()
    Returns the password used to create a database connection for this `RowSet` object. Because the password property is not serialized, it is set at run time before calling the method `execute`. The default value is `null`
    Returns:
      the `String` object that represents the password that must be supplied to the database to create a connection
    See Also:
      - `setPassword(java.lang.String)`

  - ### setPassword

    public void setPassword(String pass)
    Sets the password used to create a database connection for this `RowSet` object to the given `String` object. Because the password property is not serialized, it is set at run time before calling the method `execute`.
    Parameters:
      `pass` - the `String` object that represents the password that is supplied to the database to create a connection. It may be null.
    See Also:
      - `getPassword()`

  - ### setType

    public void setType(int type) throws SQLException
    Sets the type for this `RowSet` object to the specified type. The default type is `ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE`.
    Parameters:
      `type` - one of the following constants: `ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY`, `ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE`, or `ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE`
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if the parameter supplied is not one of the following constants: `ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY` or `ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE` `ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE`
    See Also:
      - `getConcurrency()`
      - `getType()`

  - ### getType

    public int getType() throws SQLException
    Returns the type of this `RowSet` object. The type is initially determined by the statement that created the `RowSet` object. The `RowSet` object can call the method `setType` at any time to change its type. The default is `TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE`.
    Returns:
      the type of this JDBC `RowSet` object, which must be one of the following: `ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY`, `ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE`, or `ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE`
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs getting the type of of this `RowSet` object
    See Also:
      - `setType(int)`

  - ### setConcurrency

    public void setConcurrency(int concurrency) throws SQLException
    Sets the concurrency for this `RowSet` object to the specified concurrency. The default concurrency for any `RowSet` object (connected or disconnected) is `ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE`, but this method may be called at any time to change the concurrency.
    Parameters:
      `concurrency` - one of the following constants: `ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY` or `ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE`
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if the parameter supplied is not one of the following constants: `ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE` or `ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY`
    See Also:
      - `getConcurrency()`
      - `isReadOnly()`

  - ### isReadOnly

    public boolean isReadOnly()
    Returns a `boolean` indicating whether this `RowSet` object is read-only. Any attempts to update a read-only `RowSet` object will result in an `SQLException` being thrown. By default, rowsets are updatable if updates are possible.
    Returns:
      `true` if this `RowSet` object cannot be updated; `false` otherwise
    See Also:
      - `setConcurrency(int)`
      - `setReadOnly(boolean)`

  - ### setReadOnly

    public void setReadOnly(boolean value)
    Sets this `RowSet` object's readOnly property to the given `boolean`.
    Parameters:
      `value` - `true` to indicate that this `RowSet` object is read-only; `false` to indicate that it is updatable

  - ### getTransactionIsolation

    public int getTransactionIsolation()
    Returns the transaction isolation property for this `RowSet` object's connection. This property represents the transaction isolation level requested for use in transactions.

    For `RowSet` implementations such as the `CachedRowSet` that operate in a disconnected environment, the `SyncProvider` object offers complementary locking and data integrity options. The options described below are pertinent only to connected `RowSet` objects (`JdbcRowSet` objects).

    Returns:
      one of the following constants: `Connection.TRANSACTION_NONE`, `Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED`, `Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED`, `Connection.TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ`, or `Connection.TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE`
    See Also:
      - `SyncFactory`
      - `SyncProvider`
      - `setTransactionIsolation(int)`

  - ### setTransactionIsolation

    public void setTransactionIsolation(int level) throws SQLException
    Sets the transaction isolation property for this JDBC `RowSet` object to the given constant. The DBMS will use this transaction isolation level for transactions if it can.

    For `RowSet` implementations such as the `CachedRowSet` that operate in a disconnected environment, the `SyncProvider` object being used offers complementary locking and data integrity options. The options described below are pertinent only to connected `RowSet` objects (`JdbcRowSet` objects).

    Parameters:
      `level` - one of the following constants, listed in ascending order: `Connection.TRANSACTION_NONE`, `Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED`, `Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED`, `Connection.TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ`, or `Connection.TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE`
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if the given parameter is not one of the Connection constants
    See Also:
      - `SyncFactory`
      - `SyncProvider`
      - `getTransactionIsolation()`

  - ### getTypeMap

    public Map<String,Class<?>> getTypeMap()
    Retrieves the type map associated with the `Connection` object for this `RowSet` object.

    Drivers that support the JDBC 3.0 API will create `Connection` objects with an associated type map. This type map, which is initially empty, can contain one or more fully-qualified SQL names and `Class` objects indicating the class to which the named SQL value will be mapped. The type mapping specified in the connection's type map is used for custom type mapping when no other type map supersedes it.

    If a type map is explicitly supplied to a method that can perform custom mapping, that type map supersedes the connection's type map.

    Returns:
      the `java.util.Map` object that is the type map for this `RowSet` object's connection

  - ### setTypeMap

    public void setTypeMap(Map<String,Class<?>> map)
    Installs the given `java.util.Map` object as the type map associated with the `Connection` object for this `RowSet` object. The custom mapping indicated in this type map will be used unless a different type map is explicitly supplied to a method, in which case the type map supplied will be used.
    Parameters:
      `map` - a `java.util.Map` object that contains the mapping from SQL type names for user defined types (UDT) to classes in the Java programming language. Each entry in the `Map` object consists of the fully qualified SQL name of a UDT and the `Class` object for the `SQLData` implementation of that UDT. May be `null`.

  - ### getMaxFieldSize

    public int getMaxFieldSize() throws SQLException
    Retrieves the maximum number of bytes that can be used for a column value in this `RowSet` object. This limit applies only to columns that hold values of the following types: `BINARY`, `VARBINARY`, `LONGVARBINARY`, `CHAR`, `VARCHAR`, and `LONGVARCHAR`. If the limit is exceeded, the excess data is silently discarded.
    Returns:
      an `int` indicating the current maximum column size limit; zero means that there is no limit
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs internally determining the maximum limit of the column size

  - ### setMaxFieldSize

    public void setMaxFieldSize(int max) throws SQLException
    Sets the maximum number of bytes that can be used for a column value in this `RowSet` object to the given number. This limit applies only to columns that hold values of the following types: `BINARY`, `VARBINARY`, `LONGVARBINARY`, `CHAR`, `VARCHAR`, and `LONGVARCHAR`. If the limit is exceeded, the excess data is silently discarded. For maximum portability, it is advisable to use values greater than 256.
    Parameters:
      `max` - an `int` indicating the new maximum column size limit; zero means that there is no limit
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if (1) an error occurs internally setting the maximum limit of the column size or (2) a size of less than 0 is set

  - ### getMaxRows

    public int getMaxRows() throws SQLException
    Retrieves the maximum number of rows that this `RowSet` object may contain. If this limit is exceeded, the excess rows are silently dropped.
    Returns:
      an `int` indicating the current maximum number of rows; zero means that there is no limit
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs internally determining the maximum limit of rows that a `Rowset` object can contain

  - ### setMaxRows

    public void setMaxRows(int max) throws SQLException
    Sets the maximum number of rows that this `RowSet` object may contain to the given number. If this limit is exceeded, the excess rows are silently dropped.
    Parameters:
      `max` - an `int` indicating the current maximum number of rows; zero means that there is no limit
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs internally setting the maximum limit on the number of rows that a JDBC `RowSet` object can contain; or if max is less than `0`; or if max is less than the `fetchSize` of the `RowSet`

  - ### setEscapeProcessing

    public void setEscapeProcessing(boolean enable) throws SQLException
    Sets to the given `boolean` whether or not the driver will scan for escape syntax and do escape substitution before sending SQL statements to the database. The default is for the driver to do escape processing.

    Note: Since `PreparedStatement` objects have usually been parsed prior to making this call, disabling escape processing for prepared statements will likely have no effect.

    Parameters:
      `enable` - `true` to enable escape processing; `false` to disable it
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs setting the underlying JDBC technology-enabled driver to process the escape syntax

  - ### getQueryTimeout

    public int getQueryTimeout() throws SQLException
    Retrieves the maximum number of seconds the driver will wait for a query to execute. If the limit is exceeded, an `SQLException` is thrown.
    Returns:
      the current query timeout limit in seconds; zero means that there is no limit
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs in determining the query time-out value

  - ### setQueryTimeout

    public void setQueryTimeout(int seconds) throws SQLException
    Sets to the given number the maximum number of seconds the driver will wait for a query to execute. If the limit is exceeded, an `SQLException` is thrown.
    Parameters:
      `seconds` - the new query time-out limit in seconds; zero means that there is no limit; must not be less than zero
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs setting the query time-out or if the query time-out value is less than 0

  - ### getShowDeleted

    public boolean getShowDeleted() throws SQLException
    Retrieves a `boolean` indicating whether rows marked for deletion appear in the set of current rows. The default value is `false`.

    Note: Allowing deleted rows to remain visible complicates the behavior of some of the methods. However, most `RowSet` object users can simply ignore this extra detail because only sophisticated applications will likely want to take advantage of this feature.

    Returns:
      `true` if deleted rows are visible; `false` otherwise
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs determining if deleted rows are visible or not
    See Also:
      - `setShowDeleted(boolean)`

  - ### setShowDeleted

    public void setShowDeleted(boolean value) throws SQLException
    Sets the property `showDeleted` to the given `boolean` value, which determines whether rows marked for deletion appear in the set of current rows.
    Parameters:
      `value` - `true` if deleted rows should be shown; `false` otherwise
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs setting whether deleted rows are visible or not
    See Also:
      - `getShowDeleted()`

  - ### getEscapeProcessing

    public boolean getEscapeProcessing() throws SQLException
    Ascertains whether escape processing is enabled for this `RowSet` object.
    Returns:
      `true` if escape processing is turned on; `false` otherwise
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs determining if escape processing is enabled or not or if the internal escape processing trigger has not been enabled

  - ### setFetchDirection

    public void setFetchDirection(int direction) throws SQLException
    Gives the driver a performance hint as to the direction in which the rows in this `RowSet` object will be processed. The driver may ignore this hint.

    A `RowSet` object inherits the default properties of the `ResultSet` object from which it got its data. That `ResultSet` object's default fetch direction is set by the `Statement` object that created it.

    This method applies to a `RowSet` object only while it is connected to a database using a JDBC driver.

    A `RowSet` object may use this method at any time to change its setting for the fetch direction.

    Parameters:
      `direction` - one of `ResultSet.FETCH_FORWARD`, `ResultSet.FETCH_REVERSE`, or `ResultSet.FETCH_UNKNOWN`
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if (1) the `RowSet` type is `TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY` and the given fetch direction is not `FETCH_FORWARD` or (2) the given fetch direction is not one of the following: ResultSet.FETCH_FORWARD, ResultSet.FETCH_REVERSE, or ResultSet.FETCH_UNKNOWN
    See Also:
      - `getFetchDirection()`

  - ### getFetchDirection

    public int getFetchDirection() throws SQLException
    Retrieves this `RowSet` object's current setting for the fetch direction. The default type is `ResultSet.FETCH_FORWARD`
    Returns:
      one of `ResultSet.FETCH_FORWARD`, `ResultSet.FETCH_REVERSE`, or `ResultSet.FETCH_UNKNOWN`
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs in determining the current fetch direction for fetching rows
    See Also:
      - `setFetchDirection(int)`

  - ### setFetchSize

    public void setFetchSize(int rows) throws SQLException
    Sets the fetch size for this `RowSet` object to the given number of rows. The fetch size gives a JDBC technology-enabled driver ("JDBC driver") a hint as to the number of rows that should be fetched from the database when more rows are needed for this `RowSet` object. If the fetch size specified is zero, the driver ignores the value and is free to make its own best guess as to what the fetch size should be.

    A `RowSet` object inherits the default properties of the `ResultSet` object from which it got its data. That `ResultSet` object's default fetch size is set by the `Statement` object that created it.

    This method applies to a `RowSet` object only while it is connected to a database using a JDBC driver. For connected `RowSet` implementations such as `JdbcRowSet`, this method has a direct and immediate effect on the underlying JDBC driver.

    A `RowSet` object may use this method at any time to change its setting for the fetch size.

    For `RowSet` implementations such as `CachedRowSet`, which operate in a disconnected environment, the `SyncProvider` object being used may leverage the fetch size to poll the data source and retrieve a number of rows that do not exceed the fetch size and that may form a subset of the actual rows returned by the original query. This is an implementation variance determined by the specific `SyncProvider` object employed by the disconnected `RowSet` object.

    Parameters:
      `rows` - the number of rows to fetch; `0` to let the driver decide what the best fetch size is; must not be less than `0` or more than the maximum number of rows allowed for this `RowSet` object (the number returned by a call to the method `getMaxRows()`)
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if the specified fetch size is less than `0` or more than the limit for the maximum number of rows
    See Also:
      - `getFetchSize()`

  - ### getFetchSize

    public int getFetchSize() throws SQLException
    Returns the fetch size for this `RowSet` object. The default value is zero.
    Returns:
      the number of rows suggested as the fetch size when this `RowSet` object needs more rows from the database
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs determining the number of rows in the current fetch size
    See Also:
      - `setFetchSize(int)`

  - ### getConcurrency

    public int getConcurrency() throws SQLException
    Returns the concurrency for this `RowSet` object. The default is `CONCUR_UPDATABLE` for both connected and disconnected `RowSet` objects.

    An application can call the method `setConcurrency` at any time to change a `RowSet` object's concurrency.

    Returns:
      the concurrency type for this `RowSet` object, which must be one of the following: `ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY` or `ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE`
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs getting the concurrency of this `RowSet` object
    See Also:
      - `setConcurrency(int)`
      - `isReadOnly()`

  - ### setNull

    public void setNull(int parameterIndex, int sqlType) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to SQL `NULL`. Note that the parameter's SQL type must be specified using one of the type codes defined in `java.sql.Types`. This SQL type is specified in the second parameter.

    Note that the second parameter tells the DBMS the data type of the value being set to `NULL`. Some DBMSs require this information, so it is required in order to make code more portable.

    The parameter value set by this method is stored internally and will be supplied as the appropriate parameter in this `RowSet` object's command when the method `execute` is called. Methods such as `execute` and `populate` must be provided in any class that extends this class and implements one or more of the standard JSR-114 `RowSet` interfaces.

    NOTE: `JdbcRowSet` does not require the `populate` method as it is undefined in this class.

    Calls made to the method `getParams` after this version of `setNull` has been called will return an `Object` array containing the parameter values that have been set. In that array, the element that represents the values set with this method will itself be an array. The first element of that array is `null`. The second element is the value set for sqlType. The parameter number is indicated by an element's position in the array returned by the method `getParams`, with the first element being the value for the first placeholder parameter, the second element being the value for the second placeholder parameter, and so on. In other words, if the second placeholder parameter is being set to `null`, the array containing it will be the second element in the array returned by `getParams`.

    Note that because the numbering of elements in an array starts at zero, the array element that corresponds to placeholder parameter number parameterIndex is parameterIndex -1.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the ordinal number of the placeholder parameter in this `RowSet` object's command that is to be set. The first parameter is 1, the second is 2, and so on; must be `1` or greater
      `sqlType` - an `int` that is one of the SQL type codes defined in the class `Types`. If a non-standard sqlType is supplied, this method will not throw a `SQLException`. This allows implicit support for non-standard SQL types.
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or the given parameter index is out of bounds
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setNull

    public void setNull(int parameterIndex, int sqlType, String typeName) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to SQL `NULL`. Although this version of the method `setNull` is intended for user-defined and `REF` parameters, this method may be used to set a null parameter for any JDBC type. The following are user-defined types: `STRUCT`, `DISTINCT`, and `JAVA_OBJECT`, and named array types.

    Note: To be portable, applications must give the SQL type code and the fully qualified SQL type name when specifying a `NULL` user-defined or `REF` parameter. In the case of a user-defined type, the name is the type name of the parameter itself. For a `REF` parameter, the name is the type name of the referenced type. If a JDBC technology-enabled driver does not need the type code or type name information, it may ignore it.

    If the parameter does not have a user-defined or `REF` type, the given `typeName` parameter is ignored.

    The parameter value set by this method is stored internally and will be supplied as the appropriate parameter in this `RowSet` object's command when the method `execute` is called. Methods such as `execute` and `populate` must be provided in any class that extends this class and implements one or more of the standard JSR-114 `RowSet` interfaces.

    NOTE: `JdbcRowSet` does not require the `populate` method as it is undefined in this class.

    Calls made to the method `getParams` after this version of `setNull` has been called will return an `Object` array containing the parameter values that have been set. In that array, the element that represents the values set with this method will itself be an array. The first element of that array is `null`. The second element is the value set for sqlType, and the third element is the value set for typeName. The parameter number is indicated by an element's position in the array returned by the method `getParams`, with the first element being the value for the first placeholder parameter, the second element being the value for the second placeholder parameter, and so on. In other words, if the second placeholder parameter is being set to `null`, the array containing it will be the second element in the array returned by `getParams`.

    Note that because the numbering of elements in an array starts at zero, the array element that corresponds to placeholder parameter number parameterIndex is parameterIndex -1.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the ordinal number of the placeholder parameter in this `RowSet` object's command that is to be set. The first parameter is 1, the second is 2, and so on; must be `1` or greater
      `sqlType` - a value from `java.sql.Types`
      `typeName` - the fully qualified name of an SQL user-defined type, which is ignored if the parameter is not a user-defined type or `REF` value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs or the given parameter index is out of bounds
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setBoolean

    public void setBoolean(int parameterIndex, boolean x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `boolean` in the Java programming language. The driver converts this to an SQL `BIT` value when it sends it to the database.

    The parameter value set by this method is stored internally and will be supplied as the appropriate parameter in this `RowSet` object's command when the method `execute` is called. Methods such as `execute`, `populate` must be provided in any class that extends this class and implements one or more of the standard JSR-114 `RowSet` interfaces.

    NOTE: `JdbcRowSet` does not require the `populate` method as it is undefined in this class.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the ordinal number of the placeholder parameter in this `RowSet` object's command that is to be set. The first parameter is 1, the second is 2, and so on; must be `1` or greater
      `x` - the parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs or the parameter index is out of bounds
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setByte

    public void setByte(int parameterIndex, byte x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `byte` in the Java programming language. The driver converts this to an SQL `TINYINT` value when it sends it to the database.

    The parameter value set by this method is stored internally and will be supplied as the appropriate parameter in this `RowSet` object's command when the method `execute` is called. Methods such as `execute` and `populate` must be provided in any class that extends this class and implements one or more of the standard JSR-114 `RowSet` interfaces.

    NOTE: `JdbcRowSet` does not require the `populate` method as it is undefined in this class.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the ordinal number of the placeholder parameter in this `RowSet` object's command that is to be set. The first parameter is 1, the second is 2, and so on; must be `1` or greater
      `x` - the parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs or the parameter index is out of bounds
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setShort

    public void setShort(int parameterIndex, short x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `short` in the Java programming language. The driver converts this to an SQL `SMALLINT` value when it sends it to the database.

    The parameter value set by this method is stored internally and will be supplied as the appropriate parameter in this `RowSet` object's command when the method `execute` is called. Methods such as `execute` and `populate` must be provided in any class that extends this class and implements one or more of the standard JSR-114 `RowSet` interfaces.

    NOTE: `JdbcRowSet` does not require the `populate` method as it is undefined in this class.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the ordinal number of the placeholder parameter in this `RowSet` object's command that is to be set. The first parameter is 1, the second is 2, and so on; must be `1` or greater
      `x` - the parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs or the parameter index is out of bounds
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setInt

    public void setInt(int parameterIndex, int x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to an `int` in the Java programming language. The driver converts this to an SQL `INTEGER` value when it sends it to the database.

    The parameter value set by this method is stored internally and will be supplied as the appropriate parameter in this `RowSet` object's command when the method `execute` is called. Methods such as `execute` and `populate` must be provided in any class that extends this class and implements one or more of the standard JSR-114 `RowSet` interfaces.

    NOTE: `JdbcRowSet` does not require the `populate` method as it is undefined in this class.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the ordinal number of the placeholder parameter in this `RowSet` object's command that is to be set. The first parameter is 1, the second is 2, and so on; must be `1` or greater
      `x` - the parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs or the parameter index is out of bounds
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setLong

    public void setLong(int parameterIndex, long x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `long` in the Java programming language. The driver converts this to an SQL `BIGINT` value when it sends it to the database.

    The parameter value set by this method is stored internally and will be supplied as the appropriate parameter in this `RowSet` object's command when the method `execute` is called. Methods such as `execute` and `populate` must be provided in any class that extends this class and implements one or more of the standard JSR-114 `RowSet` interfaces.

    NOTE: `JdbcRowSet` does not require the `populate` method as it is undefined in this class.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the ordinal number of the placeholder parameter in this `RowSet` object's command that is to be set. The first parameter is 1, the second is 2, and so on; must be `1` or greater
      `x` - the parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs or the parameter index is out of bounds
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setFloat

    public void setFloat(int parameterIndex, float x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `float` in the Java programming language. The driver converts this to an SQL `FLOAT` value when it sends it to the database.

    The parameter value set by this method is stored internally and will be supplied as the appropriate parameter in this `RowSet` object's command when the method `execute` is called. Methods such as `execute` and `populate` must be provided in any class that extends this class and implements one or more of the standard JSR-114 `RowSet` interfaces.

    NOTE: `JdbcRowSet` does not require the `populate` method as it is undefined in this class.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the ordinal number of the placeholder parameter in this `RowSet` object's command that is to be set. The first parameter is 1, the second is 2, and so on; must be `1` or greater
      `x` - the parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs or the parameter index is out of bounds
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setDouble

    public void setDouble(int parameterIndex, double x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `double` in the Java programming language. The driver converts this to an SQL `DOUBLE` value when it sends it to the database.

    The parameter value set by this method is stored internally and will be supplied as the appropriate parameter in this `RowSet` object's command when the method `execute` is called. Methods such as `execute` and `populate` must be provided in any class that extends this class and implements one or more of the standard JSR-114 `RowSet` interfaces.

    NOTE: `JdbcRowSet` does not require the `populate` method as it is undefined in this class.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the ordinal number of the placeholder parameter in this `RowSet` object's command that is to be set. The first parameter is 1, the second is 2, and so on; must be `1` or greater
      `x` - the parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs or the parameter index is out of bounds
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setBigDecimal

    public void setBigDecimal(int parameterIndex, BigDecimal x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.lang.BigDecimal` value. The driver converts this to an SQL `NUMERIC` value when it sends it to the database.

    The parameter value set by this method is stored internally and will be supplied as the appropriate parameter in this `RowSet` object's command when the method `execute` is called. Methods such as `execute` and `populate` must be provided in any class that extends this class and implements one or more of the standard JSR-114 `RowSet` interfaces.

    Note: `JdbcRowSet` does not require the `populate` method as it is undefined in this class.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the ordinal number of the placeholder parameter in this `RowSet` object's command that is to be set. The first parameter is 1, the second is 2, and so on; must be `1` or greater
      `x` - the parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs or the parameter index is out of bounds
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setString

    public void setString(int parameterIndex, String x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `String` value. The driver converts this to an SQL `VARCHAR` or `LONGVARCHAR` value (depending on the argument's size relative to the driver's limits on `VARCHAR` values) when it sends it to the database.

    The parameter value set by this method is stored internally and will be supplied as the appropriate parameter in this `RowSet` object's command when the method `execute` is called. Methods such as `execute` and `populate` must be provided in any class that extends this class and implements one or more of the standard JSR-114 `RowSet` interfaces.

    NOTE: `JdbcRowSet` does not require the `populate` method as it is undefined in this class.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the ordinal number of the placeholder parameter in this `RowSet` object's command that is to be set. The first parameter is 1, the second is 2, and so on; must be `1` or greater
      `x` - the parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs or the parameter index is out of bounds
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setBytes

    public void setBytes(int parameterIndex, byte[] x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given array of bytes. The driver converts this to an SQL `VARBINARY` or `LONGVARBINARY` value (depending on the argument's size relative to the driver's limits on `VARBINARY` values) when it sends it to the database.

    The parameter value set by this method is stored internally and will be supplied as the appropriate parameter in this `RowSet` object's command when the method `execute` is called. Methods such as `execute` and `populate` must be provided in any class that extends this class and implements one or more of the standard JSR-114 `RowSet` interfaces.

    NOTE: `JdbcRowSet` does not require the `populate` method as it is undefined in this class.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the ordinal number of the placeholder parameter in this `RowSet` object's command that is to be set. The first parameter is 1, the second is 2, and so on; must be `1` or greater
      `x` - the parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs or the parameter index is out of bounds
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setDate

    public void setDate(int parameterIndex, Date x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.Date` value. The driver converts this to an SQL `DATE` value when it sends it to the database.

    The parameter value set by this method is stored internally and will be supplied as the appropriate parameter in this `RowSet` object's command when the method `execute` is called. Methods such as `execute` and `populate` must be provided in any class that extends this class and implements one or more of the standard JSR-114 `RowSet` interfaces.

    NOTE: `JdbcRowSet` does not require the `populate` method as it is undefined in this class.

    Calls made to the method `getParams` after this version of `setDate` has been called will return an array with the value to be set for placeholder parameter number parameterIndex being the `Date` object supplied as the second parameter. Note that because the numbering of elements in an array starts at zero, the array element that corresponds to placeholder parameter number parameterIndex is parameterIndex -1.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the ordinal number of the placeholder parameter in this `RowSet` object's command that is to be set. The first parameter is 1, the second is 2, and so on; must be `1` or greater
      `x` - the parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs or the parameter index is out of bounds
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setTime

    public void setTime(int parameterIndex, Time x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.Time` value. The driver converts this to an SQL `TIME` value when it sends it to the database.

    The parameter value set by this method is stored internally and will be supplied as the appropriate parameter in this `RowSet` object's command when the method `execute` is called. Methods such as `execute` and `populate` must be provided in any class that extends this class and implements one or more of the standard JSR-114 `RowSet` interfaces.

    NOTE: `JdbcRowSet` does not require the `populate` method as it is undefined in this class.

    Calls made to the method `getParams` after this version of the method `setTime` has been called will return an array of the parameters that have been set. The parameter to be set for parameter placeholder number parameterIndex will be the `Time` object that was set as the second parameter to this method.

    Note that because the numbering of elements in an array starts at zero, the array element that corresponds to placeholder parameter number parameterIndex is parameterIndex -1.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the ordinal number of the placeholder parameter in this `RowSet` object's command that is to be set. The first parameter is 1, the second is 2, and so on; must be `1` or greater
      `x` - a `java.sql.Time` object, which is to be set as the value for placeholder parameter parameterIndex
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs or the parameter index is out of bounds
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setTimestamp

    public void setTimestamp(int parameterIndex, Timestamp x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.Timestamp` value. The driver converts this to an SQL `TIMESTAMP` value when it sends it to the database.

    The parameter value set by this method is stored internally and will be supplied as the appropriate parameter in this `RowSet` object's command when the method `execute` is called. Methods such as `execute` and `populate` must be provided in any class that extends this class and implements one or more of the standard JSR-114 `RowSet` interfaces.

    NOTE: `JdbcRowSet` does not require the `populate` method as it is undefined in this class.

    Calls made to the method `getParams` after this version of `setTimestamp` has been called will return an array with the value for parameter placeholder number parameterIndex being the `Timestamp` object that was supplied as the second parameter to this method. Note that because the numbering of elements in an array starts at zero, the array element that corresponds to placeholder parameter number parameterIndex is parameterIndex -1.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the ordinal number of the placeholder parameter in this `RowSet` object's command that is to be set. The first parameter is 1, the second is 2, and so on; must be `1` or greater
      `x` - a `java.sql.Timestamp` object
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs or the parameter index is out of bounds
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setAsciiStream

    public void setAsciiStream(int parameterIndex, InputStream x, int length) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.io.InputStream` object, which will have the specified number of bytes. The contents of the stream will be read and sent to the database. This method throws an `SQLException` object if the number of bytes read and sent to the database is not equal to length.

    When a very large ASCII value is input to a `LONGVARCHAR` parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a `java.io.InputStream` object. A JDBC technology-enabled driver will read the data from the stream as needed until it reaches end-of-file. The driver will do any necessary conversion from ASCII to the database `CHAR` format.

    Note: This stream object can be either a standard Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the standard interface.

    The parameter value set by this method is stored internally and will be supplied as the appropriate parameter in this `RowSet` object's command when the method `execute` is called. Methods such as `execute` and `populate` must be provided in any class that extends this class and implements one or more of the standard JSR-114 `RowSet` interfaces.

    Note: `JdbcRowSet` does not require the `populate` method as it is undefined in this class.

    Calls made to the method `getParams` after `setAsciiStream` has been called will return an array containing the parameter values that have been set. The element in the array that represents the values set with this method will itself be an array. The first element of that array is the given `java.io.InputStream` object. The second element is the value set for length. The third element is an internal `BaseRowSet` constant specifying that the stream passed to this method is an ASCII stream. The parameter number is indicated by an element's position in the array returned by the method `getParams`, with the first element being the value for the first placeholder parameter, the second element being the value for the second placeholder parameter, and so on. In other words, if the input stream being set is the value for the second placeholder parameter, the array containing it will be the second element in the array returned by `getParams`.

    Note that because the numbering of elements in an array starts at zero, the array element that corresponds to placeholder parameter number parameterIndex is element number parameterIndex -1.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the ordinal number of the placeholder parameter in this `RowSet` object's command that is to be set. The first parameter is 1, the second is 2, and so on; must be `1` or greater
      `x` - the Java input stream that contains the ASCII parameter value
      `length` - the number of bytes in the stream. This is the number of bytes the driver will send to the DBMS; lengths of 0 or less are are undefined but will cause an invalid length exception to be thrown in the underlying JDBC driver.
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs, the parameter index is out of bounds, or when connected to a data source, the number of bytes the driver reads and sends to the database is not equal to the number of bytes specified in length
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setAsciiStream

    public void setAsciiStream(int parameterIndex, InputStream x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter in this `RowSet` object's command to the given input stream. When a very large ASCII value is input to a `LONGVARCHAR` parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a `java.io.InputStream`. Data will be read from the stream as needed until end-of-file is reached. The JDBC driver will do any necessary conversion from ASCII to the database char format.

    Note: This stream object can either be a standard Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the standard interface.

    Note: Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if it might be more efficient to use a version of `setAsciiStream` which takes a length parameter.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
      `x` - the Java input stream that contains the ASCII parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `PreparedStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### setBinaryStream

    public void setBinaryStream(int parameterIndex, InputStream x, int length) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.io.InputStream` object, which will have the specified number of bytes. The contents of the stream will be read and sent to the database. This method throws an `SQLException` object if the number of bytes read and sent to the database is not equal to length.

    When a very large binary value is input to a `LONGVARBINARY` parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a `java.io.InputStream` object. A JDBC technology-enabled driver will read the data from the stream as needed until it reaches end-of-file.

    Note: This stream object can be either a standard Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the standard interface.

    The parameter value set by this method is stored internally and will be supplied as the appropriate parameter in this `RowSet` object's command when the method `execute` is called. Methods such as `execute` and `populate` must be provided in any class that extends this class and implements one or more of the standard JSR-114 `RowSet` interfaces.

    NOTE: `JdbcRowSet` does not require the `populate` method as it is undefined in this class.

    Calls made to the method `getParams` after `setBinaryStream` has been called will return an array containing the parameter values that have been set. In that array, the element that represents the values set with this method will itself be an array. The first element of that array is the given `java.io.InputStream` object. The second element is the value set for length. The third element is an internal `BaseRowSet` constant specifying that the stream passed to this method is a binary stream. The parameter number is indicated by an element's position in the array returned by the method `getParams`, with the first element being the value for the first placeholder parameter, the second element being the value for the second placeholder parameter, and so on. In other words, if the input stream being set is the value for the second placeholder parameter, the array containing it will be the second element in the array returned by `getParams`.

    Note that because the numbering of elements in an array starts at zero, the array element that corresponds to placeholder parameter number parameterIndex is element number parameterIndex -1.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the ordinal number of the placeholder parameter in this `RowSet` object's command that is to be set. The first parameter is 1, the second is 2, and so on; must be `1` or greater
      `x` - the input stream that contains the binary value to be set
      `length` - the number of bytes in the stream; lengths of 0 or less are are undefined but will cause an invalid length exception to be thrown in the underlying JDBC driver.
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs, the parameter index is out of bounds, or when connected to a data source, the number of bytes the driver reads and sends to the database is not equal to the number of bytes specified in length
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setBinaryStream

    public void setBinaryStream(int parameterIndex, InputStream x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter in this `RowSet` object's command to the given input stream. When a very large binary value is input to a `LONGVARBINARY` parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a `java.io.InputStream` object. The data will be read from the stream as needed until end-of-file is reached.

    Note: This stream object can either be a standard Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the standard interface.

    Note: Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if it might be more efficient to use a version of `setBinaryStream` which takes a length parameter.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
      `x` - the java input stream which contains the binary parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `PreparedStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### setUnicodeStream

    @Deprecated public void setUnicodeStream(int parameterIndex, InputStream x, int length) throws SQLException
    Deprecated.
    getCharacterStream should be used in its place
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.io.InputStream` object, which will have the specified number of bytes. The contents of the stream will be read and sent to the database. This method throws an `SQLException` if the number of bytes read and sent to the database is not equal to length.

    When a very large Unicode value is input to a `LONGVARCHAR` parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a `java.io.InputStream` object. A JDBC technology-enabled driver will read the data from the stream as needed, until it reaches end-of-file. The driver will do any necessary conversion from Unicode to the database `CHAR` format. The byte format of the Unicode stream must be Java UTF-8, as defined in the Java Virtual Machine Specification.

    Note: This stream object can be either a standard Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the standard interface.

    This method is deprecated; the method `getCharacterStream` should be used in its place.

    The parameter value set by this method is stored internally and will be supplied as the appropriate parameter in this `RowSet` object's command when the method `execute` is called. Calls made to the method `getParams` after `setUnicodeStream` has been called will return an array containing the parameter values that have been set. In that array, the element that represents the values set with this method will itself be an array. The first element of that array is the given `java.io.InputStream` object. The second element is the value set for length. The third element is an internal `BaseRowSet` constant specifying that the stream passed to this method is a Unicode stream. The parameter number is indicated by an element's position in the array returned by the method `getParams`, with the first element being the value for the first placeholder parameter, the second element being the value for the second placeholder parameter, and so on. In other words, if the input stream being set is the value for the second placeholder parameter, the array containing it will be the second element in the array returned by `getParams`.

    Note that because the numbering of elements in an array starts at zero, the array element that corresponds to placeholder parameter number parameterIndex is element number parameterIndex -1.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the ordinal number of the placeholder parameter in this `RowSet` object's command that is to be set. The first parameter is 1, the second is 2, and so on; must be `1` or greater
      `x` - the `java.io.InputStream` object that contains the UNICODE parameter value
      `length` - the number of bytes in the input stream
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs, the parameter index is out of bounds, or the number of bytes the driver reads and sends to the database is not equal to the number of bytes specified in length
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setCharacterStream

    public void setCharacterStream(int parameterIndex, Reader reader, int length) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.io.Reader` object, which will have the specified number of characters. The contents of the reader will be read and sent to the database. This method throws an `SQLException` if the number of bytes read and sent to the database is not equal to length.

    When a very large Unicode value is input to a `LONGVARCHAR` parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a `Reader` object. A JDBC technology-enabled driver will read the data from the stream as needed until it reaches end-of-file. The driver will do any necessary conversion from Unicode to the database `CHAR` format. The byte format of the Unicode stream must be Java UTF-8, as defined in the Java Virtual Machine Specification.

    Note: This stream object can be either a standard Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the standard interface.

    The parameter value set by this method is stored internally and will be supplied as the appropriate parameter in this `RowSet` object's command when the method `execute` is called. Methods such as `execute` and `populate` must be provided in any class that extends this class and implements one or more of the standard JSR-114 `RowSet` interfaces.

    NOTE: `JdbcRowSet` does not require the `populate` method as it is undefined in this class.

    Calls made to the method `getParams` after `setCharacterStream` has been called will return an array containing the parameter values that have been set. In that array, the element that represents the values set with this method will itself be an array. The first element of that array is the given `java.io.Reader` object. The second element is the value set for length. The parameter number is indicated by an element's position in the array returned by the method `getParams`, with the first element being the value for the first placeholder parameter, the second element being the value for the second placeholder parameter, and so on. In other words, if the reader being set is the value for the second placeholder parameter, the array containing it will be the second element in the array returned by `getParams`.

    Note that because the numbering of elements in an array starts at zero, the array element that corresponds to placeholder parameter number parameterIndex is element number parameterIndex -1.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the ordinal number of the placeholder parameter in this `RowSet` object's command that is to be set. The first parameter is 1, the second is 2, and so on; must be `1` or greater
      `reader` - the `Reader` object that contains the Unicode data
      `length` - the number of characters in the stream; lengths of 0 or less are undefined but will cause an invalid length exception to be thrown in the underlying JDBC driver.
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs, the parameter index is out of bounds, or when connected to a data source, the number of bytes the driver reads and sends to the database is not equal to the number of bytes specified in length
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setCharacterStream

    public void setCharacterStream(int parameterIndex, Reader reader) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter in this `RowSet` object's command to the given `Reader` object. When a very large UNICODE value is input to a `LONGVARCHAR` parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a `java.io.Reader` object. The data will be read from the stream as needed until end-of-file is reached. The JDBC driver will do any necessary conversion from UNICODE to the database char format.

    Note: This stream object can either be a standard Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the standard interface.

    Note: Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if it might be more efficient to use a version of `setCharacterStream` which takes a length parameter.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
      `reader` - the `java.io.Reader` object that contains the Unicode data
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `PreparedStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### setObject

    public void setObject(int parameterIndex, Object x, int targetSqlType, int scale) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to an `Object` in the Java programming language. The second parameter must be an `Object` type. For integral values, the `java.lang` equivalent objects should be used. For example, use the class `Integer` for an `int`.

    The driver converts this object to the specified target SQL type before sending it to the database. If the object has a custom mapping (is of a class implementing `SQLData`), the driver should call the method `SQLData.writeSQL` to write the object to the SQL data stream. If, on the other hand, the object is of a class implementing `Ref`, `Blob`, `Clob`, `Struct`, or `Array`, the driver should pass it to the database as a value of the corresponding SQL type.

    Note that this method may be used to pass database- specific abstract data types.

    The parameter value set by this method is stored internally and will be supplied as the appropriate parameter in this `RowSet` object's command when the method `execute` is called. Methods such as `execute` and `populate` must be provided in any class that extends this class and implements one or more of the standard JSR-114 `RowSet` interfaces.

    NOTE: `JdbcRowSet` does not require the `populate` method as it is undefined in this class.

    Calls made to the method `getParams` after this version of `setObject` has been called will return an array containing the parameter values that have been set. In that array, the element that represents the values set with this method will itself be an array. The first element of that array is the given `Object` instance, and the second element is the value set for targetSqlType. The third element is the value set for scale, which the driver will ignore if the type of the object being set is not `java.sql.Types.NUMERIC` or `java.sql.Types.DECIMAL`. The parameter number is indicated by an element's position in the array returned by the method `getParams`, with the first element being the value for the first placeholder parameter, the second element being the value for the second placeholder parameter, and so on. In other words, if the object being set is the value for the second placeholder parameter, the array containing it will be the second element in the array returned by `getParams`.

    Note that because the numbering of elements in an array starts at zero, the array element that corresponds to placeholder parameter number parameterIndex is element number parameterIndex -1.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the ordinal number of the placeholder parameter in this `RowSet` object's command that is to be set. The first parameter is 1, the second is 2, and so on; must be `1` or greater
      `x` - the `Object` containing the input parameter value; must be an `Object` type
      `targetSqlType` - the SQL type (as defined in `java.sql.Types`) to be sent to the database. The `scale` argument may further qualify this type. If a non-standard targetSqlType is supplied, this method will not throw a `SQLException`. This allows implicit support for non-standard SQL types.
      `scale` - for the types `java.sql.Types.DECIMAL` and `java.sql.Types.NUMERIC`, this is the number of digits after the decimal point. For all other types, this value will be ignored.
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs or the parameter index is out of bounds
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setObject

    public void setObject(int parameterIndex, Object x, int targetSqlType) throws SQLException
    Sets the value of the designated parameter with the given `Object` value. This method is like `setObject(int parameterIndex, Object x, int targetSqlType, int scale)` except that it assumes a scale of zero.

    The parameter value set by this method is stored internally and will be supplied as the appropriate parameter in this `RowSet` object's command when the method `execute` is called. Methods such as `execute` and `populate` must be provided in any class that extends this class and implements one or more of the standard JSR-114 `RowSet` interfaces.

    NOTE: `JdbcRowSet` does not require the `populate` method as it is undefined in this class.

    Calls made to the method `getParams` after this version of `setObject` has been called will return an array containing the parameter values that have been set. In that array, the element that represents the values set with this method will itself be an array. The first element of that array is the given `Object` instance. The second element is the value set for targetSqlType. The parameter number is indicated by an element's position in the array returned by the method `getParams`, with the first element being the value for the first placeholder parameter, the second element being the value for the second placeholder parameter, and so on. In other words, if the object being set is the value for the second placeholder parameter, the array containing it will be the second element in the array returned by `getParams`.

    Note that because the numbering of elements in an array starts at zero, the array element that corresponds to placeholder parameter number parameterIndex is element number parameterIndex -1.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the ordinal number of the placeholder parameter in this `RowSet` object's command that is to be set. The first parameter is 1, the second is 2, and so on; must be `1` or greater
      `x` - the `Object` containing the input parameter value; must be an `Object` type
      `targetSqlType` - the SQL type (as defined in `java.sql.Types`) to be sent to the database. If a non-standard targetSqlType is supplied, this method will not throw a `SQLException`. This allows implicit support for non-standard SQL types.
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs or the parameter index is out of bounds
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setObject

    public void setObject(int parameterIndex, Object x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to an `Object` in the Java programming language. The second parameter must be an `Object` type. For integral values, the `java.lang` equivalent objects should be used. For example, use the class `Integer` for an `int`.

    The JDBC specification defines a standard mapping from Java `Object` types to SQL types. The driver will use this standard mapping to convert the given object to its corresponding SQL type before sending it to the database. If the object has a custom mapping (is of a class implementing `SQLData`), the driver should call the method `SQLData.writeSQL` to write the object to the SQL data stream.

    If, on the other hand, the object is of a class implementing `Ref`, `Blob`, `Clob`, `Struct`, or `Array`, the driver should pass it to the database as a value of the corresponding SQL type.

    This method throws an exception if there is an ambiguity, for example, if the object is of a class implementing more than one interface.

    Note that this method may be used to pass database-specific abstract data types.

    The parameter value set by this method is stored internally and will be supplied as the appropriate parameter in this `RowSet` object's command when the method `execute` is called. Methods such as `execute` and `populate` must be provided in any class that extends this class and implements one or more of the standard JSR-114 `RowSet` interfaces.

    NOTE: `JdbcRowSet` does not require the `populate` method as it is undefined in this class.

    After this method has been called, a call to the method `getParams` will return an object array of the current command parameters, which will include the `Object` set for placeholder parameter number `parameterIndex`. Note that because the numbering of elements in an array starts at zero, the array element that corresponds to placeholder parameter number parameterIndex is element number parameterIndex -1.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the ordinal number of the placeholder parameter in this `RowSet` object's command that is to be set. The first parameter is 1, the second is 2, and so on; must be `1` or greater
      `x` - the object containing the input parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs the parameter index is out of bounds, or there is ambiguity in the implementation of the object being set
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setRef

    public void setRef(int parameterIndex, Ref ref) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `Ref` object in the Java programming language. The driver converts this to an SQL `REF` value when it sends it to the database. Internally, the `Ref` is represented as a `SerialRef` to ensure serializability.

    The parameter value set by this method is stored internally and will be supplied as the appropriate parameter in this `RowSet` object's command when the method `execute` is called. Methods such as `execute` and `populate` must be provided in any class that extends this class and implements one or more of the standard JSR-114 `RowSet` interfaces.

    NOTE: `JdbcRowSet` does not require the `populate` method as it is undefined in this class.

    After this method has been called, a call to the method `getParams` will return an object array of the current command parameters, which will include the `Ref` object set for placeholder parameter number `parameterIndex`. Note that because the numbering of elements in an array starts at zero, the array element that corresponds to placeholder parameter number parameterIndex is element number parameterIndex -1.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the ordinal number of the placeholder parameter in this `RowSet` object's command that is to be set. The first parameter is 1, the second is 2, and so on; must be `1` or greater
      `ref` - a `Ref` object representing an SQL `REF` value; cannot be null
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs; the parameter index is out of bounds or the `Ref` object is `null`; or the `Ref` object returns a `null` base type name.
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`
      - `SerialRef`

  - ### setBlob

    public void setBlob(int parameterIndex, Blob x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `Blob` object in the Java programming language. The driver converts this to an SQL `BLOB` value when it sends it to the database. Internally, the `Blob` is represented as a `SerialBlob` to ensure serializability.

    The parameter value set by this method is stored internally and will be supplied as the appropriate parameter in this `RowSet` object's command when the method `execute` is called. Methods such as `execute` and `populate` must be provided in any class that extends this class and implements one or more of the standard JSR-114 `RowSet` interfaces. NOTE: `JdbcRowSet` does not require the `populate` method as it is undefined in this class.

    After this method has been called, a call to the method `getParams` will return an object array of the current command parameters, which will include the `Blob` object set for placeholder parameter number `parameterIndex`. Note that because the numbering of elements in an array starts at zero, the array element that corresponds to placeholder parameter number parameterIndex is element number parameterIndex -1.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the ordinal number of the placeholder parameter in this `RowSet` object's command that is to be set. The first parameter is 1, the second is 2, and so on; must be `1` or greater
      `x` - a `Blob` object representing an SQL `BLOB` value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs or the parameter index is out of bounds
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`
      - `SerialBlob`

  - ### setClob

    public void setClob(int parameterIndex, Clob x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `Clob` object in the Java programming language. The driver converts this to an SQL `CLOB` value when it sends it to the database. Internally, the `Clob` is represented as a `SerialClob` to ensure serializability.

    The parameter value set by this method is stored internally and will be supplied as the appropriate parameter in this `RowSet` object's command when the method `execute` is called. Methods such as `execute` and `populate` must be provided in any class that extends this class and implements one or more of the standard JSR-114 `RowSet` interfaces.

    NOTE: `JdbcRowSet` does not require the `populate` method as it is undefined in this class.

    After this method has been called, a call to the method `getParams` will return an object array of the current command parameters, which will include the `Clob` object set for placeholder parameter number `parameterIndex`. Note that because the numbering of elements in an array starts at zero, the array element that corresponds to placeholder parameter number parameterIndex is element number parameterIndex -1.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the ordinal number of the placeholder parameter in this `RowSet` object's command that is to be set. The first parameter is 1, the second is 2, and so on; must be `1` or greater
      `x` - a `Clob` object representing an SQL `CLOB` value; cannot be null
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs; the parameter index is out of bounds or the `Clob` is null
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`
      - `SerialBlob`

  - ### setArray

    public void setArray(int parameterIndex, Array array) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to an `Array` object in the Java programming language. The driver converts this to an SQL `ARRAY` value when it sends it to the database. Internally, the `Array` is represented as a `SerialArray` to ensure serializability.

    The parameter value set by this method is stored internally and will be supplied as the appropriate parameter in this `RowSet` object's command when the method `execute` is called. Methods such as `execute` and `populate` must be provided in any class that extends this class and implements one or more of the standard JSR-114 `RowSet` interfaces.

    Note: `JdbcRowSet` does not require the `populate` method as it is undefined in this class.

    After this method has been called, a call to the method `getParams` will return an object array of the current command parameters, which will include the `Array` object set for placeholder parameter number `parameterIndex`. Note that because the numbering of elements in an array starts at zero, the array element that corresponds to placeholder parameter number parameterIndex is element number parameterIndex -1.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the ordinal number of the placeholder parameter in this `RowSet` object's command that is to be set. The first parameter is 1, the second is 2, and so on; must be `1` or greater
      `array` - an `Array` object representing an SQL `ARRAY` value; cannot be null. The `Array` object passed to this method must return a non-null Object for all `getArray()` method calls. A null value will cause a `SQLException` to be thrown.
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs; the parameter index is out of bounds or the `ARRAY` is null
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`
      - `SerialArray`

  - ### setDate

    public void setDate(int parameterIndex, Date x, Calendar cal) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.Date` object. When the DBMS does not store time zone information, the driver will use the given `Calendar` object to construct the SQL `DATE` value to send to the database. With a `Calendar` object, the driver can calculate the date taking into account a custom time zone. If no `Calendar` object is specified, the driver uses the time zone of the Virtual Machine that is running the application.

    The parameter value set by this method is stored internally and will be supplied as the appropriate parameter in this `RowSet` object's command when the method `execute` is called. Methods such as `execute` and `populate` must be provided in any class that extends this class and implements one or more of the standard JSR-114 `RowSet` interfaces.

    NOTE: `JdbcRowSet` does not require the `populate` method as it is undefined in this class.

    Calls made to the method `getParams` after this version of `setDate` has been called will return an array containing the parameter values that have been set. In that array, the element that represents the values set with this method will itself be an array. The first element of that array is the given `java.sql.Date` object. The second element is the value set for cal. The parameter number is indicated by an element's position in the array returned by the method `getParams`, with the first element being the value for the first placeholder parameter, the second element being the value for the second placeholder parameter, and so on. In other words, if the date being set is the value for the second placeholder parameter, the array containing it will be the second element in the array returned by `getParams`.

    Note that because the numbering of elements in an array starts at zero, the array element that corresponds to placeholder parameter number parameterIndex is parameterIndex -1.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the ordinal number of the placeholder parameter in this `RowSet` object's command that is to be set. The first parameter is 1, the second is 2, and so on; must be `1` or greater
      `x` - a `java.sql.Date` object representing an SQL `DATE` value
      `cal` - a `java.util.Calendar` object to use when when constructing the date
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs or the parameter index is out of bounds
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setTime

    public void setTime(int parameterIndex, Time x, Calendar cal) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.Time` object. The driver converts this to an SQL `TIME` value when it sends it to the database.

    When the DBMS does not store time zone information, the driver will use the given `Calendar` object to construct the SQL `TIME` value to send to the database. With a `Calendar` object, the driver can calculate the date taking into account a custom time zone. If no `Calendar` object is specified, the driver uses the time zone of the Virtual Machine that is running the application.

    The parameter value set by this method is stored internally and will be supplied as the appropriate parameter in this `RowSet` object's command when the method `execute` is called. Methods such as `execute` and `populate` must be provided in any class that extends this class and implements one or more of the standard JSR-114 `RowSet` interfaces.

    NOTE: `JdbcRowSet` does not require the `populate` method as it is undefined in this class.

    Calls made to the method `getParams` after this version of `setTime` has been called will return an array containing the parameter values that have been set. In that array, the element that represents the values set with this method will itself be an array. The first element of that array is the given `java.sql.Time` object. The second element is the value set for cal. The parameter number is indicated by an element's position in the array returned by the method `getParams`, with the first element being the value for the first placeholder parameter, the second element being the value for the second placeholder parameter, and so on. In other words, if the time being set is the value for the second placeholder parameter, the array containing it will be the second element in the array returned by `getParams`.

    Note that because the numbering of elements in an array starts at zero, the array element that corresponds to placeholder parameter number parameterIndex is parameterIndex -1.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the ordinal number of the placeholder parameter in this `RowSet` object's command that is to be set. The first parameter is 1, the second is 2, and so on; must be `1` or greater
      `x` - a `java.sql.Time` object
      `cal` - the `java.util.Calendar` object the driver can use to construct the time
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs or the parameter index is out of bounds
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setTimestamp

    public void setTimestamp(int parameterIndex, Timestamp x, Calendar cal) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.Timestamp` object. The driver converts this to an SQL `TIMESTAMP` value when it sends it to the database.

    When the DBMS does not store time zone information, the driver will use the given `Calendar` object to construct the SQL `TIMESTAMP` value to send to the database. With a `Calendar` object, the driver can calculate the timestamp taking into account a custom time zone. If no `Calendar` object is specified, the driver uses the time zone of the Virtual Machine that is running the application.

    The parameter value set by this method is stored internally and will be supplied as the appropriate parameter in this `RowSet` object's command when the method `execute` is called. Methods such as `execute` and `populate` must be provided in any class that extends this class and implements one or more of the standard JSR-114 `RowSet` interfaces.

    NOTE: `JdbcRowSet` does not require the `populate` method as it is undefined in this class.

    Calls made to the method `getParams` after this version of `setTimestamp` has been called will return an array containing the parameter values that have been set. In that array, the element that represents the values set with this method will itself be an array. The first element of that array is the given `java.sql.Timestamp` object. The second element is the value set for cal. The parameter number is indicated by an element's position in the array returned by the method `getParams`, with the first element being the value for the first placeholder parameter, the second element being the value for the second placeholder parameter, and so on. In other words, if the timestamp being set is the value for the second placeholder parameter, the array containing it will be the second element in the array returned by `getParams`.

    Note that because the numbering of elements in an array starts at zero, the array element that corresponds to placeholder parameter number parameterIndex is parameterIndex -1.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the ordinal number of the placeholder parameter in this `RowSet` object's command that is to be set. The first parameter is 1, the second is 2, and so on; must be `1` or greater
      `x` - a `java.sql.Timestamp` object
      `cal` - the `java.util.Calendar` object the driver can use to construct the timestamp
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs or the parameter index is out of bounds
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### clearParameters

    public void clearParameters() throws SQLException
    Clears all of the current parameter values in this `RowSet` object's internal representation of the parameters to be set in this `RowSet` object's command when it is executed.

    In general, parameter values remain in force for repeated use in this `RowSet` object's command. Setting a parameter value with the setter methods automatically clears the value of the designated parameter and replaces it with the new specified value.

    This method is called internally by the `setCommand` method to clear all of the parameters set for the previous command.

    Furthermore, this method differs from the `initParams` method in that it maintains the schema of the `RowSet` object.

    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs clearing the parameters

  - ### getParams

    public Object[] getParams() throws SQLException
    Retrieves an array containing the parameter values (both Objects and primitives) that have been set for this `RowSet` object's command and throws an `SQLException` object if all parameters have not been set. Before the command is sent to the DBMS to be executed, these parameters will be substituted for placeholder parameters in the `PreparedStatement` object that is the command for a `RowSet` implementation extending the `BaseRowSet` class.

    Each element in the array that is returned is an `Object` instance that contains the values of the parameters supplied to a setter method. The order of the elements is determined by the value supplied for parameterIndex. If the setter method takes only the parameter index and the value to be set (possibly null), the array element will contain the value to be set (which will be expressed as an `Object`). If there are additional parameters, the array element will itself be an array containing the value to be set plus any additional parameter values supplied to the setter method. If the method sets a stream, the array element includes the type of stream being supplied to the method. These additional parameters are for the use of the driver or the DBMS and may or may not be used.

    NOTE: Stored parameter values of types `Array`, `Blob`, `Clob` and `Ref` are returned as `SerialArray`, `SerialBlob`, `SerialClob` and `SerialRef` respectively.

    Returns:
      an array of `Object` instances that includes the parameter values that may be set in this `RowSet` object's command; an empty array if no parameters have been set
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if an error occurs retrieving the object array of parameters of this `RowSet` object or if not all parameters have been set

  - ### setNull

    public void setNull(String parameterName, int sqlType) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to SQL `NULL`.

    Note: You must specify the parameter's SQL type.

    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `sqlType` - the SQL type code defined in `java.sql.Types`
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method

  - ### setNull

    public void setNull(String parameterName, int sqlType, String typeName) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to SQL `NULL`. This version of the method `setNull` should be used for user-defined types and REF type parameters. Examples of user-defined types include: STRUCT, DISTINCT, JAVA_OBJECT, and named array types.

    Note: To be portable, applications must give the SQL type code and the fully-qualified SQL type name when specifying a NULL user-defined or REF parameter. In the case of a user-defined type the name is the type name of the parameter itself. For a REF parameter, the name is the type name of the referenced type. If a JDBC driver does not need the type code or type name information, it may ignore it. Although it is intended for user-defined and Ref parameters, this method may be used to set a null parameter of any JDBC type. If the parameter does not have a user-defined or REF type, the given typeName is ignored.

    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `sqlType` - a value from `java.sql.Types`
      `typeName` - the fully-qualified name of an SQL user-defined type; ignored if the parameter is not a user-defined type or SQL `REF` value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method

  - ### setBoolean

    public void setBoolean(String parameterName, boolean x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given Java `boolean` value. The driver converts this to an SQL `BIT` or `BOOLEAN` value when it sends it to the database.
    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `x` - the parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setByte

    public void setByte(String parameterName, byte x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given Java `byte` value. The driver converts this to an SQL `TINYINT` value when it sends it to the database.
    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `x` - the parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setShort

    public void setShort(String parameterName, short x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given Java `short` value. The driver converts this to an SQL `SMALLINT` value when it sends it to the database.
    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `x` - the parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setInt

    public void setInt(String parameterName, int x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given Java `int` value. The driver converts this to an SQL `INTEGER` value when it sends it to the database.
    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `x` - the parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setLong

    public void setLong(String parameterName, long x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given Java `long` value. The driver converts this to an SQL `BIGINT` value when it sends it to the database.
    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `x` - the parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setFloat

    public void setFloat(String parameterName, float x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given Java `float` value. The driver converts this to an SQL `FLOAT` value when it sends it to the database.
    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `x` - the parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setDouble

    public void setDouble(String parameterName, double x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given Java `double` value. The driver converts this to an SQL `DOUBLE` value when it sends it to the database.
    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `x` - the parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setBigDecimal

    public void setBigDecimal(String parameterName, BigDecimal x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.math.BigDecimal` value. The driver converts this to an SQL `NUMERIC` value when it sends it to the database.
    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `x` - the parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setString

    public void setString(String parameterName, String x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given Java `String` value. The driver converts this to an SQL `VARCHAR` or `LONGVARCHAR` value (depending on the argument's size relative to the driver's limits on `VARCHAR` values) when it sends it to the database.
    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `x` - the parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setBytes

    public void setBytes(String parameterName, byte[] x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given Java array of bytes. The driver converts this to an SQL `VARBINARY` or `LONGVARBINARY` (depending on the argument's size relative to the driver's limits on `VARBINARY` values) when it sends it to the database.
    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `x` - the parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setTimestamp

    public void setTimestamp(String parameterName, Timestamp x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.Timestamp` value. The driver converts this to an SQL `TIMESTAMP` value when it sends it to the database.
    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `x` - the parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setAsciiStream

    public void setAsciiStream(String parameterName, InputStream x, int length) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream, which will have the specified number of bytes. When a very large ASCII value is input to a `LONGVARCHAR` parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a `java.io.InputStream`. Data will be read from the stream as needed until end-of-file is reached. The JDBC driver will do any necessary conversion from ASCII to the database char format.

    Note: This stream object can either be a standard Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the standard interface.

    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `x` - the Java input stream that contains the ASCII parameter value
      `length` - the number of bytes in the stream
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method

  - ### setBinaryStream

    public void setBinaryStream(String parameterName, InputStream x, int length) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream, which will have the specified number of bytes. When a very large binary value is input to a `LONGVARBINARY` parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a `java.io.InputStream` object. The data will be read from the stream as needed until end-of-file is reached.

    Note: This stream object can either be a standard Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the standard interface.

    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `x` - the java input stream which contains the binary parameter value
      `length` - the number of bytes in the stream
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method

  - ### setCharacterStream

    public void setCharacterStream(String parameterName, Reader reader, int length) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `Reader` object, which is the given number of characters long. When a very large UNICODE value is input to a `LONGVARCHAR` parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a `java.io.Reader` object. The data will be read from the stream as needed until end-of-file is reached. The JDBC driver will do any necessary conversion from UNICODE to the database char format.

    Note: This stream object can either be a standard Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the standard interface.

    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `reader` - the `java.io.Reader` object that contains the UNICODE data used as the designated parameter
      `length` - the number of characters in the stream
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method

  - ### setAsciiStream

    public void setAsciiStream(String parameterName, InputStream x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream. When a very large ASCII value is input to a `LONGVARCHAR` parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a `java.io.InputStream`. Data will be read from the stream as needed until end-of-file is reached. The JDBC driver will do any necessary conversion from ASCII to the database char format.

    Note: This stream object can either be a standard Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the standard interface.

    Note: Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if it might be more efficient to use a version of `setAsciiStream` which takes a length parameter.

    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `x` - the Java input stream that contains the ASCII parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### setBinaryStream

    public void setBinaryStream(String parameterName, InputStream x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream. When a very large binary value is input to a `LONGVARBINARY` parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a `java.io.InputStream` object. The data will be read from the stream as needed until end-of-file is reached.

    Note: This stream object can either be a standard Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the standard interface.

    Note: Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if it might be more efficient to use a version of `setBinaryStream` which takes a length parameter.

    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `x` - the java input stream which contains the binary parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### setCharacterStream

    public void setCharacterStream(String parameterName, Reader reader) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `Reader` object. When a very large UNICODE value is input to a `LONGVARCHAR` parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a `java.io.Reader` object. The data will be read from the stream as needed until end-of-file is reached. The JDBC driver will do any necessary conversion from UNICODE to the database char format.

    Note: This stream object can either be a standard Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the standard interface.

    Note: Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if it might be more efficient to use a version of `setCharacterStream` which takes a length parameter.

    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `reader` - the `java.io.Reader` object that contains the Unicode data
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### setNCharacterStream

    public void setNCharacterStream(int parameterIndex, Reader value) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter in this `RowSet` object's command to a `Reader` object. The `Reader` reads the data till end-of-file is reached. The driver does the necessary conversion from Java character format to the national character set in the database.

    Note: This stream object can either be a standard Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the standard interface.

    Note: Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if it might be more efficient to use a version of `setNCharacterStream` which takes a length parameter.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
      `value` - the parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if the driver does not support national character sets; if the driver can detect that a data conversion error could occur ; if a database access error occurs; or this method is called on a closed `PreparedStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### setObject

    public void setObject(String parameterName, Object x, int targetSqlType, int scale) throws SQLException
    Sets the value of the designated parameter with the given object. The second argument must be an object type; for integral values, the `java.lang` equivalent objects should be used.

    The given Java object will be converted to the given targetSqlType before being sent to the database. If the object has a custom mapping (is of a class implementing the interface `SQLData`), the JDBC driver should call the method `SQLData.writeSQL` to write it to the SQL data stream. If, on the other hand, the object is of a class implementing `Ref`, `Blob`, `Clob`, `NClob`, `Struct`, `java.net.URL`, or `Array`, the driver should pass it to the database as a value of the corresponding SQL type.

    Note that this method may be used to pass database- specific abstract data types.

    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `x` - the object containing the input parameter value
      `targetSqlType` - the SQL type (as defined in java.sql.Types) to be sent to the database. The scale argument may further qualify this type.
      `scale` - for java.sql.Types.DECIMAL or java.sql.Types.NUMERIC types, this is the number of digits after the decimal point. For all other types, this value will be ignored.
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if `targetSqlType` is a `ARRAY`, `BLOB`, `CLOB`, `DATALINK`, `JAVA_OBJECT`, `NCHAR`, `NCLOB`, `NVARCHAR`, `LONGNVARCHAR`, `REF`, `ROWID`, `SQLXML` or `STRUCT` data type and the JDBC driver does not support this data type
    See Also:
      - `Types`
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setObject

    public void setObject(String parameterName, Object x, int targetSqlType) throws SQLException
    Sets the value of the designated parameter with the given object. This method is like the method `setObject` above, except that it assumes a scale of zero.
    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `x` - the object containing the input parameter value
      `targetSqlType` - the SQL type (as defined in java.sql.Types) to be sent to the database
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if `targetSqlType` is a `ARRAY`, `BLOB`, `CLOB`, `DATALINK`, `JAVA_OBJECT`, `NCHAR`, `NCLOB`, `NVARCHAR`, `LONGNVARCHAR`, `REF`, `ROWID`, `SQLXML` or `STRUCT` data type and the JDBC driver does not support this data type
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setObject

    public void setObject(String parameterName, Object x) throws SQLException
    Sets the value of the designated parameter with the given object. The second parameter must be of type `Object`; therefore, the `java.lang` equivalent objects should be used for built-in types.

    The JDBC specification specifies a standard mapping from Java `Object` types to SQL types. The given argument will be converted to the corresponding SQL type before being sent to the database.

    Note that this method may be used to pass database- specific abstract data types, by using a driver-specific Java type. If the object is of a class implementing the interface `SQLData`, the JDBC driver should call the method `SQLData.writeSQL` to write it to the SQL data stream. If, on the other hand, the object is of a class implementing `Ref`, `Blob`, `Clob`, `NClob`, `Struct`, `java.net.URL`, or `Array`, the driver should pass it to the database as a value of the corresponding SQL type.

    This method throws an exception if there is an ambiguity, for example, if the object is of a class implementing more than one of the interfaces named above.

    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `x` - the object containing the input parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement` or if the given `Object` parameter is ambiguous
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setBlob

    public void setBlob(int parameterIndex, InputStream inputStream, long length) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to a `InputStream` object. The `InputStream` must contain the number of characters specified by length otherwise a `SQLException` will be generated when the `PreparedStatement` is executed. This method differs from the `setBinaryStream (int, InputStream, int)` method because it informs the driver that the parameter value should be sent to the server as a `BLOB`. When the `setBinaryStream` method is used, the driver may have to do extra work to determine whether the parameter data should be sent to the server as a `LONGVARBINARY` or a `BLOB`
    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - index of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
      `inputStream` - An object that contains the data to set the parameter value to.
      `length` - the number of bytes in the parameter data.
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed `PreparedStatement`, if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement, if the length specified is less than zero or if the number of bytes in the `InputStream` does not match the specified length.
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### setBlob

    public void setBlob(int parameterIndex, InputStream inputStream) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to a `InputStream` object. This method differs from the `setBinaryStream (int, InputStream)` method because it informs the driver that the parameter value should be sent to the server as a `BLOB`. When the `setBinaryStream` method is used, the driver may have to do extra work to determine whether the parameter data should be sent to the server as a `LONGVARBINARY` or a `BLOB`

    Note: Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if it might be more efficient to use a version of `setBlob` which takes a length parameter.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - index of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
      `inputStream` - An object that contains the data to set the parameter value to.
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed `PreparedStatement` or if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement,
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### setBlob

    public void setBlob(String parameterName, InputStream inputStream, long length) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to a `InputStream` object. The `Inputstream` must contain the number of characters specified by length, otherwise a `SQLException` will be generated when the `CallableStatement` is executed. This method differs from the `setBinaryStream (int, InputStream, int)` method because it informs the driver that the parameter value should be sent to the server as a `BLOB`. When the `setBinaryStream` method is used, the driver may have to do extra work to determine whether the parameter data should be sent to the server as a `LONGVARBINARY` or a `BLOB`
    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter to be set the second is 2, ...
      `inputStream` - An object that contains the data to set the parameter value to.
      `length` - the number of bytes in the parameter data.
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement, or if the length specified is less than zero; if the number of bytes in the `InputStream` does not match the specified length; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### setBlob

    public void setBlob(String parameterName, Blob x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.Blob` object. The driver converts this to an SQL `BLOB` value when it sends it to the database.
    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `x` - a `Blob` object that maps an SQL `BLOB` value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### setBlob

    public void setBlob(String parameterName, InputStream inputStream) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to a `InputStream` object. This method differs from the `setBinaryStream (int, InputStream)` method because it informs the driver that the parameter value should be sent to the server as a `BLOB`. When the `setBinaryStream` method is used, the driver may have to do extra work to determine whether the parameter data should be send to the server as a `LONGVARBINARY` or a `BLOB`

    Note: Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if it might be more efficient to use a version of `setBlob` which takes a length parameter.

    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `inputStream` - An object that contains the data to set the parameter value to.
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### setClob

    public void setClob(int parameterIndex, Reader reader, long length) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to a `Reader` object. The reader must contain the number of characters specified by length otherwise a `SQLException` will be generated when the `PreparedStatement` is executed. This method differs from the `setCharacterStream (int, Reader, int)` method because it informs the driver that the parameter value should be sent to the server as a `CLOB`. When the `setCharacterStream` method is used, the driver may have to do extra work to determine whether the parameter data should be sent to the server as a `LONGVARCHAR` or a `CLOB`
    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - index of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
      `reader` - An object that contains the data to set the parameter value to.
      `length` - the number of characters in the parameter data.
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed `PreparedStatement`, if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement, or if the length specified is less than zero.
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### setClob

    public void setClob(int parameterIndex, Reader reader) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to a `Reader` object. This method differs from the `setCharacterStream (int, Reader)` method because it informs the driver that the parameter value should be sent to the server as a `CLOB`. When the `setCharacterStream` method is used, the driver may have to do extra work to determine whether the parameter data should be sent to the server as a `LONGVARCHAR` or a `CLOB`

    Note: Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if it might be more efficient to use a version of `setClob` which takes a length parameter.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - index of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
      `reader` - An object that contains the data to set the parameter value to.
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed `PreparedStatement`or if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### setClob

    public void setClob(String parameterName, Reader reader, long length) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to a `Reader` object. The `reader` must contain the number of characters specified by length otherwise a `SQLException` will be generated when the `CallableStatement` is executed. This method differs from the `setCharacterStream (int, Reader, int)` method because it informs the driver that the parameter value should be sent to the server as a `CLOB`. When the `setCharacterStream` method is used, the driver may have to do extra work to determine whether the parameter data should be send to the server as a `LONGVARCHAR` or a `CLOB`
    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter to be set
      `reader` - An object that contains the data to set the parameter value to.
      `length` - the number of characters in the parameter data.
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if the length specified is less than zero; a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### setClob

    public void setClob(String parameterName, Clob x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.Clob` object. The driver converts this to an SQL `CLOB` value when it sends it to the database.
    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `x` - a `Clob` object that maps an SQL `CLOB` value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### setClob

    public void setClob(String parameterName, Reader reader) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to a `Reader` object. This method differs from the `setCharacterStream (int, Reader)` method because it informs the driver that the parameter value should be sent to the server as a `CLOB`. When the `setCharacterStream` method is used, the driver may have to do extra work to determine whether the parameter data should be send to the server as a `LONGVARCHAR` or a `CLOB`

    Note: Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if it might be more efficient to use a version of `setClob` which takes a length parameter.

    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `reader` - An object that contains the data to set the parameter value to.
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### setDate

    public void setDate(String parameterName, Date x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.Date` value using the default time zone of the virtual machine that is running the application. The driver converts this to an SQL `DATE` value when it sends it to the database.
    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `x` - the parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setDate

    public void setDate(String parameterName, Date x, Calendar cal) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.Date` value, using the given `Calendar` object. The driver uses the `Calendar` object to construct an SQL `DATE` value, which the driver then sends to the database. With a a `Calendar` object, the driver can calculate the date taking into account a custom timezone. If no `Calendar` object is specified, the driver uses the default timezone, which is that of the virtual machine running the application.
    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `x` - the parameter value
      `cal` - the `Calendar` object the driver will use to construct the date
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setTime

    public void setTime(String parameterName, Time x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.Time` value. The driver converts this to an SQL `TIME` value when it sends it to the database.
    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `x` - the parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setTime

    public void setTime(String parameterName, Time x, Calendar cal) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.Time` value, using the given `Calendar` object. The driver uses the `Calendar` object to construct an SQL `TIME` value, which the driver then sends to the database. With a a `Calendar` object, the driver can calculate the time taking into account a custom timezone. If no `Calendar` object is specified, the driver uses the default timezone, which is that of the virtual machine running the application.
    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `x` - the parameter value
      `cal` - the `Calendar` object the driver will use to construct the time
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setTimestamp

    public void setTimestamp(String parameterName, Timestamp x, Calendar cal) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.Timestamp` value, using the given `Calendar` object. The driver uses the `Calendar` object to construct an SQL `TIMESTAMP` value, which the driver then sends to the database. With a a `Calendar` object, the driver can calculate the timestamp taking into account a custom timezone. If no `Calendar` object is specified, the driver uses the default timezone, which is that of the virtual machine running the application.
    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `x` - the parameter value
      `cal` - the `Calendar` object the driver will use to construct the timestamp
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    See Also:
      - `getParams()`

  - ### setSQLXML

    public void setSQLXML(int parameterIndex, SQLXML xmlObject) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.SQLXML` object. The driver converts this to an SQL `XML` value when it sends it to the database.
    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - index of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
      `xmlObject` - a `SQLXML` object that maps an SQL `XML` value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed result set, the `java.xml.transform.Result`, `Writer` or `OutputStream` has not been closed for the `SQLXML` object or if there is an error processing the XML value. The `getCause` method of the exception may provide a more detailed exception, for example, if the stream does not contain valid XML.
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### setSQLXML

    public void setSQLXML(String parameterName, SQLXML xmlObject) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.SQLXML` object. The driver converts this to an `SQL XML` value when it sends it to the database.
    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `xmlObject` - a `SQLXML` object that maps an `SQL XML` value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed result set, the `java.xml.transform.Result`, `Writer` or `OutputStream` has not been closed for the `SQLXML` object or if there is an error processing the XML value. The `getCause` method of the exception may provide a more detailed exception, for example, if the stream does not contain valid XML.
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### setRowId

    public void setRowId(int parameterIndex, RowId x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.RowId` object. The driver converts this to a SQL `ROWID` value when it sends it to the database
    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
      `x` - the parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### setRowId

    public void setRowId(String parameterName, RowId x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.sql.RowId` object. The driver converts this to a SQL `ROWID` when it sends it to the database.
    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `x` - the parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### setNString

    public void setNString(int parameterIndex, String value) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `String` object. The driver converts this to a SQL `NCHAR` or `NVARCHAR` or `LONGNVARCHAR` value (depending on the argument's size relative to the driver's limits on `NVARCHAR` values) when it sends it to the database.
    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
      `value` - the parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if the driver does not support national character sets; if the driver can detect that a data conversion error could occur ; or if a database access error occurs
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### setNString

    public void setNString(String parameterName, String value) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `String` object. The driver converts this to a SQL `NCHAR` or `NVARCHAR` or `LONGNVARCHAR`
    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the column to be set
      `value` - the parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if the driver does not support national character sets; if the driver can detect that a data conversion error could occur; or if a database access error occurs
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### setNCharacterStream

    public void setNCharacterStream(int parameterIndex, Reader value, long length) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to a `Reader` object. The `Reader` reads the data till end-of-file is reached. The driver does the necessary conversion from Java character format to the national character set in the database.
    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
      `value` - the parameter value
      `length` - the number of characters in the parameter data.
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if the driver does not support national character sets; if the driver can detect that a data conversion error could occur ; or if a database access error occurs
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### setNCharacterStream

    public void setNCharacterStream(String parameterName, Reader value, long length) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to a `Reader` object. The `Reader` reads the data till end-of-file is reached. The driver does the necessary conversion from Java character format to the national character set in the database.
    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the column to be set
      `value` - the parameter value
      `length` - the number of characters in the parameter data.
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if the driver does not support national character sets; if the driver can detect that a data conversion error could occur; or if a database access error occurs
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### setNCharacterStream

    public void setNCharacterStream(String parameterName, Reader value) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to a `Reader` object. The `Reader` reads the data till end-of-file is reached. The driver does the necessary conversion from Java character format to the national character set in the database.

    Note: This stream object can either be a standard Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the standard interface.

    Note: Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if it might be more efficient to use a version of `setNCharacterStream` which takes a length parameter.

    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `value` - the parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if the driver does not support national character sets; if the driver can detect that a data conversion error could occur ; if a database access error occurs; or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### setNClob

    public void setNClob(String parameterName, NClob value) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to a `java.sql.NClob` object. The object implements the `java.sql.NClob` interface. This `NClob` object maps to a SQL `NCLOB`.
    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the column to be set
      `value` - the parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if the driver does not support national character sets; if the driver can detect that a data conversion error could occur; or if a database access error occurs
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### setNClob

    public void setNClob(String parameterName, Reader reader, long length) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to a `Reader` object. The `reader` must contain the number of characters specified by length otherwise a `SQLException` will be generated when the `CallableStatement` is executed. This method differs from the `setCharacterStream (int, Reader, int)` method because it informs the driver that the parameter value should be sent to the server as a `NCLOB`. When the `setCharacterStream` method is used, the driver may have to do extra work to determine whether the parameter data should be send to the server as a `LONGNVARCHAR` or a `NCLOB`
    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter to be set
      `reader` - An object that contains the data to set the parameter value to.
      `length` - the number of characters in the parameter data.
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if the length specified is less than zero; if the driver does not support national character sets; if the driver can detect that a data conversion error could occur; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### setNClob

    public void setNClob(String parameterName, Reader reader) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to a `Reader` object. This method differs from the `setCharacterStream (int, Reader)` method because it informs the driver that the parameter value should be sent to the server as a `NCLOB`. When the `setCharacterStream` method is used, the driver may have to do extra work to determine whether the parameter data should be send to the server as a `LONGNVARCHAR` or a `NCLOB`

    Note: Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if it might be more efficient to use a version of `setNClob` which takes a length parameter.

    Parameters:
      `parameterName` - the name of the parameter
      `reader` - An object that contains the data to set the parameter value to.
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if the driver does not support national character sets; if the driver can detect that a data conversion error could occur; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### setNClob

    public void setNClob(int parameterIndex, Reader reader, long length) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to a `Reader` object. The reader must contain the number of characters specified by length otherwise a `SQLException` will be generated when the `PreparedStatement` is executed. This method differs from the `setCharacterStream (int, Reader, int)` method because it informs the driver that the parameter value should be sent to the server as a `NCLOB`. When the `setCharacterStream` method is used, the driver may have to do extra work to determine whether the parameter data should be sent to the server as a `LONGNVARCHAR` or a `NCLOB`
    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - index of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
      `reader` - An object that contains the data to set the parameter value to.
      `length` - the number of characters in the parameter data.
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if the length specified is less than zero; if the driver does not support national character sets; if the driver can detect that a data conversion error could occur; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `PreparedStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### setNClob

    public void setNClob(int parameterIndex, NClob value) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to a `java.sql.NClob` object. The driver converts this oa SQL `NCLOB` value when it sends it to the database.
    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
      `value` - the parameter value
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if the driver does not support national character sets; if the driver can detect that a data conversion error could occur ; or if a database access error occurs
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### setNClob

    public void setNClob(int parameterIndex, Reader reader) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to a `Reader` object. This method differs from the `setCharacterStream (int, Reader)` method because it informs the driver that the parameter value should be sent to the server as a `NCLOB`. When the `setCharacterStream` method is used, the driver may have to do extra work to determine whether the parameter data should be sent to the server as a `LONGNVARCHAR` or a `NCLOB`

    Note: Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if it might be more efficient to use a version of `setNClob` which takes a length parameter.

    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - index of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
      `reader` - An object that contains the data to set the parameter value to.
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if the driver does not support national character sets; if the driver can detect that a data conversion error could occur; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `PreparedStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### setURL

    public void setURL(int parameterIndex, URL x) throws SQLException
    Sets the designated parameter to the given `java.net.URL` value. The driver converts this to an SQL `DATALINK` value when it sends it to the database.
    Parameters:
      `parameterIndex` - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
      `x` - the `java.net.URL` object to be set
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `PreparedStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method