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Preface

Documentation Accessibility

Typographic Conventions

Accessing Documentation

Related Documentation

Third Party Software Notices

1 Administering Oracle on UNIX

Environment Variables

Oracle Database Environment Variables

UNIX Environment Variables

Setting a Common Environment

oraenv and coraenv Script Files

Local bin Directory

Setting the System Time Zone

Initialization Parameters

Maximum Value of the DB_BLOCK_SIZE Initialization Parameter

Default Values for the ASM_DISKSTRING Initialization Parameter

Maximum Value for ASYNC in LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n Initialization Parameter

CLUSTER_INTERCONNECTS Initialization Parameter

Failover and Failback and CLUSTER_INTERCONNECTS

Operating System Accounts and Groups

Oracle Software Owner Account

OSDBA, OSOPER, and Oracle Inventory Groups

Groups and Security

External Authentication

Running the orapwd Utility

The orapwd Utility and Oracle Real Application Clusters

Password Management

Creating Additional UNIX Accounts

Configuring the Accounts of Oracle Users

Using Raw Devices

Guidelines for Using Raw Devices

Raw Device Setup

Raw Device Datafiles on AIX or Tru64 UNIX Systems

Using Trace and Alert Files

2 Starting and Stopping Oracle Software

Stopping and Starting Oracle Processes

Starting Oracle Processes on Mac OS X

Database or Automatic Storage Management Instances

Oracle Net Listener

Oracle Ultra Search

Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control

Oracle Management Agent

Automating Startup and Shutdown

Automating Database Startup and Shutdown on Mac OS X

Automating Database Startup and Shutdown on Other Operating Systems

3 Configuring Oracle Products on UNIX

Configuring the Database for Additional Oracle Products

Using Configuration Assistants as Standalone Tools

Using Oracle Net Configuration Assistant

Using Database Upgrade Assistant

Using Database Configuration Assistant

Configuring New or Upgraded Databases

Relinking Executables

4 Administering SQL*Plus

Administering Command-Line SQL*Plus

Using Setup Files

Using the Site Profile File

Using the User Profile File

Using the PRODUCT_USER_PROFILE Table

Using Demonstration Tables

SQL*Plus Command-Line Help

Installing the SQL*Plus Command-Line Help

Removing the SQL*Plus Command-Line Help

Using Command-Line SQL*Plus

Using a System Editor from SQL*Plus

Running Operating System Commands from SQL*Plus

Interrupting SQL*Plus

Using the SPOOL Command

SQL*Plus Restrictions

Resizing Windows

Hiding Your Password

5 Configuring Oracle Net Services

Location of Oracle Net Services Configuration Files

Adapters Utility

Oracle Protocol Support

IPC Protocol Support

TCP/IP Protocol Support

TCP/IP with SSL Protocol Support

Setting Up the Listener for TCP/IP or TCP/IP with SSL

Oracle Advanced Security

6 Using Oracle Precompilers and the Oracle Call Interface

Overview of Oracle Precompilers

Precompiler Configuration Files

Relinking Precompiler Executables

Precompiler README Files

Issues Common to All Precompilers

Uppercase to Lowercase Conversion

Vendor Debugger Programs

Value of IRECLEN and ORECLEN

Static and Dynamic Linking

Client Shared and Static Libraries

Bit-Length Support for Client Applications

Pro*C/C++ Precompiler

Pro*C/C++ Demonstration Programs

Pro*C/C++ User Programs

Pro*COBOL Precompiler

Pro*COBOL Environment Variables

Acucorp ACUCOBOL-GT COBOL Compiler

Micro Focus Server Express COBOL Compiler

Pro*COBOL Oracle Runtime System

Pro*COBOL Demonstration Programs

Pro*COBOL User Programs

FORMAT Precompiler Option

Pro*FORTRAN Precompiler

Pro*FORTRAN Demonstration Programs

Pro*FORTRAN User Programs

AIX Only: SQL*Module for Ada

SQL*Module for Ada Demonstration Programs

SQL*Module for Ada User Programs

Oracle Call Interface and Oracle C++ Call Interface

OCI and OCCI Demonstration Programs

OCI and OCCI User Programs

AIX, HP-UX, Solaris SPARC, and zSeries Linux Only: Oracle JDBC/OCI Programs With a 64-Bit Driver

Custom Make Files

Correcting Undefined Symbols

Multi-threaded Applications

Using Signal Handlers

XA Functionality

7 SQL*Loader and PL/SQL Demonstrations

SQL*Loader Demonstrations

PL/SQL Demonstrations

Calling 32-Bit External Procedures from PL/SQL

8 Tuning for Oracle Database on UNIX

Importance of Tuning

Operating System Tools

AIX System Management Interface Tool

Base Operation System Tools

AIX Performance Toolbox

Performance Tuning Tools

HP-UX Performance Analysis Tools

Tuning Memory Management

Allocate Sufficient Swap Space

Adjust Oracle Block Size

Tuning Disk I/O

Use Automatic Storage Management

Choose the Appropriate File System Type

Monitoring Disk Performance

System Global Area

Determine the Size of the SGA

Shared Memory on AIX

Tuning the Operating System Buffer Cache

A Administering Oracle Database on AIX

Memory and Paging

Controlling Buffer-Cache Paging Activity

Tuning the AIX File Buffer Cache

Tuning the minperm and maxperm Parameters

Allocating Sufficient Paging Space (Swap Space)

Controlling Paging

Setting the Database Block Size

Tuning the Log Archive Buffers

I/O Buffers and SQL*Loader

BUFFER Parameter for the Import Utility

Disk I/O Issues

AIX Logical Volume Manager

Design a Striped Logical Volume

Other Considerations

Using Journaled File Systems Compared to Raw Logical Volumes

File System Options

Moving from a Journaled File System to Raw Logical Volumes

Moving from Raw Logical Volumes to a Journaled File System

Using Asynchronous I/O

Using the DB_FILE_MULTIBLOCK_READ_COUNT Parameter

Using Write Behind

Tuning Sequential Read Ahead

Tuning Disk I/O Pacing

Minimizing Remote I/O Operations

Resilvering with Oracle Database

Backing Up Raw Devices

CPU Scheduling and Process Priorities

Changing Process Running Time Slice

Using Processor Binding on SMP Systems

Oracle Real Application Clusters Information

Network Tuning for Transparent Application Failover

Oracle Real Application Clusters and HACMP or PSSP

Oracle Real Application Clusters and Fault Tolerant IPC

Setting the AIXTHREAD_SCOPE Environment Variable

B Administering Oracle Database on HP-UX

HP-UX Shared Memory Segments for an Oracle Instance

HP-UX SCHED_NOAGE Scheduling Policy

Enabling SCHED_NOAGE for Oracle Database

Lightweight Timer Implementation

Asynchronous I/O

MLOCK Privilege

Implementing Asynchronous I/O

Verifying Asynchronous I/O

Verifying that HP-UX Asynchronous Driver is Configured for Oracle Database

Verifying that Oracle Database is Using Asynchronous I/O

Asynchronous Flag in SGA

Large Memory Allocations and Oracle Database Tuning

Persistent Private SQL Areas and Memory

Default Large Virtual Memory Page Size

Tuning Recommendations

Oracle Real Application Clusters on HP-UX

PA-RISC Only: Tuning Hyper Messaging Protocol Parameters

CPU_COUNT Initialization Parameter and HP-UX Dynamic Processor Reconfiguration

C Administering Oracle Database on Linux

x86 Only: Extended Buffer Cache Support

x86 Only: Enabling Large Pages on Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 2.1 and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 8

Using hugetlbfs on Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 2.1 (Itanium) or SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9

Using hugetlbfs on Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 3

Linux x86 Only: Increasing SGA Address Space

Asynchronous I/O Support

Direct I/O Support

Semtimedop Support

x86 Only: High Speed Network Support

D Administering Oracle Database on Mac OS X

Determining Available and Used Swap Space

E Administering Oracle Database on Tru64 UNIX

Enabling Oracle Database Directed Placement Optimizations

Requirements to Run the Directed Placement Optimizations

Enabling Oracle Directed Placement Optimizations

Disabling Oracle Directed Placement Optimizations

Using Oracle Directed Placement Optimizations

Oracle Initialization Parameters

Tru64 UNIX Subsystem Attributes

Process Affinity to RADs

Restricting Oracle Database to a Subset of the Number of RADs on the System

Supporting Mixed CPU Systems

Gathering Database Statistics on Tru64 UNIX

Oracle Real Application Clusters on Tru64 UNIX

Reliable Data Gram

Enabling UDP IPC

Simultaneous Enabling of Oracle Real Application Clusters and NUMA

Tuning Asynchronous I/O

aio_task_max_num Attribute

Direct I/O Support and Concurrent Direct I/O Support

Single Instance Requirements

Clustered Systems

Tru64 UNIX V5.1B Clustered Systems

Multiple Instance Requirements (Oracle Real Application Clusters)

Disabling Direct I/O Support

Enabling Access to the Real Time Clock

Setting Up Raw Devices

Spike Optimization Tool

F Administering Oracle Database on Solaris

Intimate Shared Memory

G Database Limits

Database Limits

Index