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Oracle® Application Server High Availability Guide
10
g
(10.1.4.0.1)
Part Number B28186-01
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Contents
Title and Copyright Information
Preface
Audience
Documentation Accessibility
Related Documentation
Conventions
Part I Overview
1
Introduction to High Availability
1.1
What Is High Availability
1.1.1
High Availability Problems
1.1.2
High Availability Solutions
1.1.2.1
Local High Availability Solutions
1.1.2.2
Disaster Recovery Solutions
1.2
Oracle Application Server High Availability Concepts
1.2.1
Terminology
1.2.2
Oracle Application Server Base Architecture
1.2.3
Oracle Application Server Base Architecture with Oracle Access Manager
1.2.4
Oracle Application Server Base Architecture with Oracle Identity Federation
1.3
Oracle Application Server Features Related to High Availability
1.3.1
Process Death Detection and Automatic Restart
1.3.2
Internal Load Balancing in Oracle Application Server
1.3.3
Backup and Recovery
1.4
High Availability Information in Other Documentation
Part II High Availability Topologies
2
Overview of Oracle Application Server High Availability Topologies
2.1
About the High Availability Topologies
2.2
Overview of Active-Active Topologies
2.2.1
Properties of Active-Active Topologies
2.2.2
Advantages of Active-Active Topologies
2.2.3
High Availability for the OracleAS Metadata Repository in Active-Active Topologies
2.3
Overview of Active-Passive Topologies
2.3.1
Properties of Active-Passive Topologies
2.3.2
Advantages of Active-Passive Topologies
2.3.3
High Availability Options for OracleAS Metadata Repository in Active-Passive Topologies
2.4
Collocating vs. Distributing Components
2.4.1
Collocating Oracle Identity Management Components
2.4.2
Distributing Oracle Identity Management Components
2.4.2.1
Advantages of Distributing Oracle Identity Management Components
2.4.2.2
Disadvantages
2.5
Choosing the Best High Availability Topology
3
Active-Active Topologies
3.1
Types of Active-Active Topologies
3.1.1
OracleAS Cluster (Identity Management) Topology
3.1.2
Distributed OracleAS Cluster (Identity Management) Topology
3.2
Load Balancer Types and Requirements
3.2.1
Load Balancer Types
3.2.2
Load Balancer Requirements
3.3
Installation Highlights
3.4
LDAP Port Numbers on the Load Balancer and Oracle Internet Directory
3.5
Backup and Recovery
3.6
OracleAS Metadata Repository Tier Details
3.7
Oracle Identity Management Tier Details
3.7.1
Protection Against Process and Node Failures
3.7.2
OID Monitor Details
3.7.2.1
Normal Shutdown vs. Process Failure
3.7.2.2
Time Discrepancy Between Nodes
3.7.3
Oracle Internet Directory Metadata Synchronization
3.8
Some Useful Procedures
3.8.1
Using Application Server Control Console
3.8.2
Starting the Components
3.8.2.1
For the OracleAS Cluster (Identity Management) Topology
3.8.2.2
For the Distributed OracleAS Cluster (Identity Management) Topology
3.8.3
Stopping the Components
3.8.3.1
For the OracleAS Cluster (Identity Management) Topology
3.8.3.2
For the Distributed OracleAS Cluster (Identity Management) Topology
3.8.4
Checking the Status of Oracle Identity Management Components
3.8.5
Changing Configuration for Components in Active-Active Topologies
3.8.6
Changing the Password of the ODS Schema (Used by Oracle Internet Directory)
4
Active-Passive Topologies
4.1
Types of OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster Topologies
4.1.1
OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster (Infrastructure) Topology
4.1.2
Distributed OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster (Infrastructure) Topology
4.1.3
OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster (Identity Management) Topology
4.1.4
Distributed OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster (Identity Management) Topology
4.2
Common Characteristics of OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster Topologies
4.2.1
OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster Topologies on Microsoft Windows
4.3
Backup and Recovery Procedure
4.4
OracleAS Metadata Repository Tier Details
4.4.1
Using Database Console to Manage the Cold Failover Cluster Database
4.4.2
Using Automatic Storage Management (ASM)
4.5
Protection Against Process Failures and Node Failures
4.5.1
Failover on Windows Systems
4.5.2
Failover on Linux Systems
4.6
Some Useful Procedures
4.6.1
Using Application Server Control Console
4.6.2
Starting the Components
4.6.2.1
For the OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster (Infrastructure) Topology
4.6.2.2
For the Distributed OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster (Infrastructure) Topology
4.6.2.3
For the OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster (Identity Management) Topology
4.6.2.4
For the Distributed OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster (Identity Management) Topology
4.6.3
Stopping the Components
4.6.3.1
For the OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster (Infrastructure) Topology
4.6.3.2
For the Distributed OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster (Infrastructure) Topology
4.6.3.3
For the OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster (Identity Management) Topology
4.6.3.4
For the Distributed OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster (Identity Management) Topology
4.6.4
Configuring Components in OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster Topologies
4.6.5
Configuring Virtual IPs
5
High Availability for Oracle Access Manager
5.1
Overview of High Availability Topologies for Oracle Access Manager
5.2
Installing Oracle Access Manager in a High Availability Topology
5.3
Managing Oracle Access Manager in a High Availability Topology
5.3.1
Adding Identity Servers and WebPass Instances
5.3.2
Adding AccessGates and Access Servers
5.3.3
Clustering Access Servers
5.3.4
Associating AccessGate with an Access Server Cluster
5.3.5
Configuring Load Balancing and Failover for Oracle Access Manager Components
5.3.6
Managing Oracle Access Manager Processes
5.4
Configuring Oracle Internet Directory in an Active-Passive Topology for Oracle Access Manager
6
High Availability for Oracle Identity Federation
6.1
OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster Topology for Oracle Identity Federation
6.1.1
Installing Oracle Identity Federation in an OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster Topology on Linux
6.1.2
Installing Oracle Identity Federation in an OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster Topology on Windows
6.1.3
Configuring Data Store for Oracle Identity Federation
6.1.4
Configuring Virtual Addressing
6.1.5
Monitoring Processes and Failing Over
6.2
Fast Connection Failover for Oracle Identity Federation
7
High Availability for OracleAS Metadata Repository
7.1
Cold Failover Cluster Databases
7.1.1
Installing a Cold Failover Cluster Database
7.1.2
Running a Cold Failover Cluster Database
7.1.3
Running Database Console against a Cold Failover Cluster Database
7.1.4
Backing Up a Cold Failover Cluster Database
7.1.5
Failing Over a Cold Failover Cluster Database
7.2
Oracle Real Application Clusters Databases
7.2.1
Installing an Oracle RAC Database
7.2.2
Running an Oracle RAC Database
7.2.3
Backing up an Oracle RAC Database
7.3
Other High Availability Solutions for the OracleAS Metadata Repository Database
7.4
Checking the Status of OracleAS Metadata Repository
Part III Oracle Internet Directory in High Availability Topologies
8
Oracle Internet Directory High Availability And Failover Considerations
8.1
About High Availability and Failover for Oracle Internet Directory
8.2
Oracle Internet Directory and the Oracle Technology Stack
8.3
Failover Options on Clients
8.3.1
Alternate Server List from User Input
8.3.2
Alternate Server List from the Oracle Internet Directory Server
8.3.2.1
Setting the Alternate Server List by Using Oracle Directory Manager
8.4
Failover Options in the Public Network Infrastructure
8.4.1
Hardware-Based Load Balancing
8.4.2
Software-Based Load Balancing
8.5
High Availability and Failover Capabilities in Oracle Internet Directory
8.6
Failover Options in the Private Network Infrastructure
8.6.1
IP Address Takeover (IPAT)
8.6.2
Redundant Links
8.7
High Availability Deployment Examples
9
Oracle Internet Directory in Oracle Real Application Clusters Environment
9.1
Terminology
9.2
Installing Oracle Internet Directory against an Oracle RAC Database
9.3
Oracle Internet Directory in an Oracle RAC Environment
9.4
Oracle Directory Server Connection Modes to Oracle RAC Database Instances
9.4.1
Load_balance Parameter
9.4.2
Connect-Time Failover (CTF)
9.4.3
Transparent Application Failover (TAF)
9.4.4
Configuring the tnsnames.ora File for the Failover
9.5
Oracle Directory Replication Between Oracle Internet Directory Oracle RAC Nodes
9.6
About Changing the ODS Password on an Oracle RAC System
10
Deploying Identity Management with Multimaster Replication
10.1
Multimaster Identity Management Replication Configuration
10.1.1
Installing on the Master Node
10.1.2
Installing on the Replica Node
10.1.3
Setting up Multimaster Replication
10.1.4
Installing OracleAS Single Sign-On and Oracle Delegated Administration Services on the Master Node
10.1.5
Synchronizing the OracleAS Single Sign-On Schema Password
10.1.6
Installing OracleAS Single Sign-On and Oracle Delegated Administration Services on the Replica Node
10.1.7
If You Are Running in SSL Mode
10.1.8
Oracle Directory Integration Platform Event Propagation in a Multimaster Scenario
10.1.9
Load Balancer Configuration in a Multimaster Replication Scenario
10.1.10
Installing Additional OracleAS Single Sign-On / Oracle Delegated Administration Services Instances in Each Replication Stack
10.2
Adding a Node to a Multimaster Replication Group
10.3
Deleting a Node from a Multimaster Replication Group
Part IV Disaster Recovery
11
OracleAS Disaster Recovery
11.1
Oracle Application Server 10
g
Disaster Recovery Solution
11.1.1
OracleAS Disaster Recovery Requirements
11.1.2
Supported Oracle Application Server Releases and Operating Systems
11.1.3
Supported Topologies
11.1.3.1
Symmetrical Topologies - Strict Mirror of the Production Site with Collocated Oracle Identity Management and OracleAS Metadata Repository Infrastructure
11.1.3.2
Asymmetrical Topologies - Simple Asymmetric Standby Topology with Collocated Oracle Identity Management and OracleAS Metadata Repository Infrastructure
11.1.3.3
Separate OracleAS Metadata Repository for OracleAS Portal with Collocated Oracle Identity Management and OracleAS Metadata Repository Infrastructure (the Departmental Topology)
11.1.3.4
Distributed Application OracleAS Metadata Repositories with Non Collocated Oracle Identity Management and OracleAS Metadata Repository Infrastructure
11.2
Preparing the OracleAS Disaster Recovery Environment
11.2.1
Planning and Assigning Hostnames
11.2.1.1
Physical Hostnames
11.2.1.2
Network Hostnames
11.2.1.3
Virtual Hostname
11.2.2
Configuring Hostname Resolution
11.2.2.1
Using Local Hostnaming File Resolution
11.2.2.2
Using DNS Resolution
11.3
Overview of Installing Oracle Application Server
11.4
Overview of OracleAS Guard and asgctl
11.4.1
Overview of asgctl
11.4.2
OracleAS Guard Client
11.4.3
OracleAS Guard Server
11.4.4
asgctl Operations
11.4.5
OracleAS Guard Integration with OPMN
11.4.6
Supported OracleAS Disaster Recovery Configurations
11.4.7
Configuring OracleAS Guard and Other Relevant Information
11.5
Authentication of Databases
11.6
Discovering, Dumping, and Verifying the Topology
11.7
Dumping Policy Files and Using Policy Files With Some asgctl Commands
11.8
OracleAS Guard Operations -- Standby Site Cloning of One or More Production Instances to a Standby System
11.8.1
Cloning a Single Production Instance to a Standby System
11.8.2
Cloning Multiple Production Instances to Standby Systems
11.8.3
Cloning When There Are Multiple Instances on One System
11.9
OracleAS Guard Operations -- Standby Instantiation and Standby Synchronization
11.9.1
Standby Instantiation
11.9.2
Standby Synchronization
11.10
Runtime Operations -- OracleAS Guard Switchover and Failover Operations
11.10.1
Outages
11.10.1.1
Scheduled Outages
11.10.1.2
Unplanned Outages
11.11
Monitoring OracleAS Guard Operations and Troubleshooting
11.11.1
Verifying the Topology
11.11.2
Displaying the Current Operation
11.11.3
Displaying a List of Completed Operations
11.11.4
Stopping an Operation
11.11.5
Tracing Tasks
11.11.6
Writing Information About the Topology to a File
11.11.7
Error Messages
11.12
Wide Area DNS Operations
11.12.1
Using a Wide Area Load Balancer
11.12.2
Manually Changing DNS Names
11.13
Using OracleAS Guard Command-Line Utility (asgctl)
11.13.1
Typical OracleAS Guard Session Using asgctl
11.13.1.1
Getting Help
11.13.1.2
Specifying the Primary Database
11.13.1.3
Discovering the Topology
11.13.1.4
Creating and Executing an asgctl Script
11.13.2
Periodic Scheduling of OracleAS Guard asgctl Scripts
11.13.3
Submitting OracleAS Guard Jobs to the Enterprise Manager Job System
11.14
Special Considerations for Some OracleAS Metadata Repository Configurations
11.14.1
Special Considerations for Multiple OracleAS Metadata Repository Configurations
11.14.1.1
Setting asgctl Credentials
11.14.1.2
Specifying the Primary Database
11.14.1.3
Setting OracleAS Guard Port Numbers
11.14.2
Special Considerations for OracleAS Metadata Repository Configurations Created Using OracleAS Metadata Repository Creation Assistant
11.15
Special Considerations for OracleAS Disaster Recovery Environments
11.15.1
Some Special Considerations That Must Be Taken When Setting Up Some OracleAS Disaster Recovery Sites
11.15.2
Handling ons.conf and dsa.conf Configuration Files for Asymmetric Topologies
11.15.3
Other Special Considerations for OracleAS Disaster Recovery Environments
12
OracleAS Guard asgctl Command-line Reference
12.1
Information Common to OracleAS Guard asgctl Commands
12.2
Information Specific to a Small Set of OracleAS Guard Commands
12.2.1
Special Considerations for OracleAS Disaster Recovery Configurations in CFC Environments
12.2.1.1
Special Considerations for Running Instantiate and Failover Operations in CFC Environments
12.2.1.2
A Special Consideration and Workaround for Performing an Instantiate Operation in CFC Environments
12.2.1.3
Special Considerations for Running a Switchover Operations in CFC Environments
12.2.2
Other Special Considerations for OracleAS Disaster Recovery Environments
asgctl
clone instance
clone topology
connect asg
disconnect
discover topology
discover topology within farm
dump policies
dump topology
exit
failover
help
instantiate topology
quit
run
set asg credentials
set echo
set new primary database
set noprompt
set primary database
set trace
show env
show operation
shutdown
shutdown topology
startup
startup topology
stop operation
switchover topology
sync topology
verify topology
dump farm (Deprecated)
instantiate farm (Deprecated)
shutdown farm (Deprecated)
startup farm (Deprecated)
switchover farm (Deprecated)
sync farm (Deprecated)
verify farm (Deprecated)
13
Manual Sync Operations
13.1
Manually Synchronizing Baseline Installation with Standby Site Without Using OracleAS Guard asgctl Command-line Utility
13.1.1
Manually Backing Up the Production Site
13.1.1.1
Shipping OracleAS Infrastructure Database Archive Logs
13.1.1.2
Backing Up Configuration Files (OracleAS Infrastructure and Middle Tier)
13.1.2
Manually Restoring to Standby Site
13.1.2.1
Restoring Configuration Files (OracleAS Infrastructure and Middle Tier)
13.1.2.2
Restoring the OracleAS Infrastructure Database - Applying Log Files
14
OracleAS Disaster Recovery Site Upgrade Procedure
14.1
Prerequisites
14.2
Disaster Recovery Topology
14.3
High-Level OracleAS Disaster Recovery Upgrade Steps
14.4
Patching an Existing OracleAS Disaster Recovery Environment
15
Setting Up a DNS Server
16
Secure Shell (SSH) Port Forwarding
16.1
SSH Port Forwarding
Part V Appendices
A
Troubleshooting High Availability
A.1
Troubleshooting Active-Active Topologies
A.1.1
Registering an Application using ssoreg Fails
A.1.2
OC4J_SECURITY Instance Fails to Start
A.1.3
Logging into OracleAS Single Sign-On Takes a Long Time
A.1.4
Oracle Internet Directory Does Not Start Up on One of the Nodes
A.1.5
Unable to Connect to Oracle Internet Directory, and Oracle Internet Directory Cannot Be Restarted
A.1.6
Cluster Configuration Assistant Fails During Installation
A.1.7
odisrv Process Does Not Fail Over After "opmnctl stopall"
A.1.8
Oracle Internet Directory Processes Shut Down by OID Monitor
A.1.9
Oracle Internet Directory Connections Being Disconnected by the Load Balancer or Firewall
A.2
Troubleshooting Active-Passive Topologies
A.2.1
Unable to Perform Online Database Backup and Restore in OracleAS Cold Failover Cluster Environment
A.2.2
Cannot Connect to Database for Restoration (Windows)
A.3
Troubleshooting OracleAS Disaster Recovery Topologies
A.3.1
Standby Site Not Synchronized
A.3.2
Failure to Bring Up Standby Instances After Failover or Switchover
A.3.3
Switchover Operation Fails At the Step dcmctl resyncInstance -force -script
A.3.4
Unable to Start Standalone OracleAS Web Cache Installations at the Standby Site
A.3.5
Standby Site Middle-tier Installation Uses Wrong Hostname
A.3.6
Failure of Farm Verification Operation with Standby Farm
A.3.7
Sync Farm Operation Returns Error Message
A.3.8
On Windows Systems Use of asgctl startup Command May Fail If the PATH Environment Variable Has Exceeded 1024 Characters
A.4
Need More Help?
B
OracleAS Guard Error Messages
B.1
DGA Error Messages
B.1.1
LRO Error Messages
B.1.2
Undo Error Messages
B.1.3
Create Template Error Messages
B.1.4
Switchover Physical Standby Error Messages
B.2
Duf Error Messages
B.2.1
Database Error Messages
B.2.2
Connection and Network Error Messages
B.2.3
SQL*Plus Error Messages
B.2.4
JDBC Error Messages
B.2.5
OPMN Error Messages
B.2.6
Net Services Error Messages
B.2.7
LDAP or OID Error Messages
B.2.8
System Error Messages
B.2.9
Warning Error Messages
B.2.10
OracleAS Database Error Messages
B.2.11
OracleAS Topology Error Messages
B.2.12
OracleAS Backup and Restore Error Messages
B.2.13
OracleAS Guard Synchronize Error Messages
B.2.14
OracleAS Guard Instantiate Error Messages
Index
