Oracle® Database

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2 Review Information About this Guide

This guide describes how to install Oracle Database 10g using the default installation options.

Tasks Described in this Guide

The procedures in this guide describe how to:

• Configure your system to support Oracle Database 10g

• Install the Oracle Database 10g software on a local file system

• Configure a general-purpose Oracle database that uses the local file system for database file storage

• Install software from the Oracle Database 10g Companion CD which improves the performance of Oracle Database 10g on your system

Results of a Successful Installation

After you successfully install Oracle Database 10g:

• The database that you created and the default Oracle Net listener process are running on the system

• Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control and iSQL*Plus are running and can be accessed using a Web browser

• A single-node version of the Oracle Cluster Synchronization Services (CSS) daemon is running and is configured to start automatically when your system boots

Tasks Not Described in this Guide

This guide does not describe how to complete the following tasks:

• Installing the software on a system that has an existing Oracle software installation

• Installing Oracle Cluster Ready Services (CRS) and Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) on a cluster

• Enabling Enterprise Manager e-mail notifications or automated backups

• Using alternative storage options such as Automatic Storage Management (ASM) or raw devices for database storage

Where to Get Additional Installation Information

For more detailed information about installing Oracle Database 10g, including information about the tasks not described in this guide, see one of the following guides:

• If you are installing the software on a single system, see the Oracle Database Installation Guide for Apple Mac OS X.

• If you are installing Oracle Real Application Clusters, see the Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation and Configuration Guide

  This guide also describes how to install Oracle Cluster Ready Services, which is a prerequisite for RAC installations.

Both of these guides are available on the product disc. To access them, use a Web browser to open the welcome.htm file, either in the top-level directory of the CD-ROM or in the db directory on the DVD-ROM, then select the Documentation tab.

3 Log In to the System as root

Before you install the Oracle software, you must complete several tasks as the root user. To log in as the root user, follow these steps:

1. Log into the Mac OS X desktop as a user that is a member of the admin group.

   To complete the installation described in this guide, you must be logged in to the Mac OS X desktop. If you want to install the software from a remote system, or install it on a system without graphics hardware, you must use Apple Remote Desktop to display the Mac OS X desktop for the system where you want to install the software.

2. Start a local terminal session (/Applications/Utilities/Terminal).

3. If you are not logged in as the root user, enter the following command to start a shell session with root privileges:

   $ sudo sh
   
   

4. When prompted, enter your password.

$ sudo /usr/sbin/sysctl -a

4 Check the Hardware Requirements

The system must meet the following minimum hardware requirements:

To ensure that the system meets these requirements, follow these steps:

1. To determine the physical RAM size, use System Profiler (/Applications/Utilities/System Profiler) or enter the following command:

   # /usr/sbin/system_profiler SPHardwareDataType | grep Memory 
   
   

   If the size of the physical RAM installed in the system is less than 512 MB, you must install more memory before continuing.

2. To ensure that the system has enough swap space, enter the following command:

   # df -h /
   
   

   
   

   Note: Mac OS X dynamically creates swap files as required in the /private/var/vm directory. Make sure that you have at least 1 GB of available disk space on the root (/) file system to accommodate newly created swap files.

   
   

3. To determine the amount of free disk space available in the /tmp directory, enter the following command:

   # df -h /tmp
   
   

   If there is less than 400 MB of disk space available in the /tmp directory, complete one of the following steps:

   • Delete unnecessary files from the /tmp directory to achieve the required disk space.

   • Set the TEMP and TMPDIR environment variables when setting the oracle user's environment (described later).

   • Extend the file system that contains the /tmp directory. If necessary, contact your system administrator for information about extending file systems.

4. To determine the amount of free disk space available on the system, enter the following command:

   # df -h
   
   

   This command displays the disk space usage on all mounted file systems. To complete the installation, the system must satisfy either of the following conditions:

   • 3.2 GB of free disk space is available on two file systems: one with at least 2 GB free for the Oracle software and another with at least 1.2 GB free for the preconfigured database

   • 3.2 GB of free disk space is available for the Oracle software and database on a single file system

     
     

     Note: While installing the Oracle database on a disk drive separate from the software does provide a performance improvement, for best performance, the Oracle database files should be distributed across three or more disks. The Oracle Database Installation Guide for Apple Mac OS X describes this more complex and time-consuming type of installation. However, this type of installation is recommended only for experienced users.

     
     

5 Check the Software Requirements

The system must meet the following minimum software requirements:

• The operating system version must be Apple Mac OS X Server 10.3.6

• The following software (or a higher version) must be installed:

  • Xcode Tools 1.1 or higher

  • GNU C compiler (gcc) version 3.3 20030304 (Apple Computer, Inc. build 1635)

    This version of gcc is included in Xcode Tools 1.2 or higher or in the Dec 2003 gccLongBranch Tools update.

To ensure that the system meets these requirements, follow these steps:

1. To determine the version of the operating system, enter the following command:

   # sw_vers
   
   

   This command returns output similar to the following:

   ProductName:    Mac OS X Server
   ProductVersion: 10.3.6
   BuildVersion:   7R28
   

   
   

   Note: Only Mac OS X Server is supported.

   
   

2. To determine whether the required version of gcc is installed, enter the following command:

   # gcc -v
   
   

   This command returns output similar to the following:

   Reading specs from /usr/libexec/gcc/darwin/ppc/3.3/specs
   Thread model: posix
   gcc version 3.3 20030304 (Apple Computer, Inc. build 1635)
                                                   (-mlongcall)
   
   

   If the required version (including the date and build number) or a later version is not installed, download and install either of the following:

   • The Dec 2003 gccLongBranch Tools update

   • Xcode Tools 1.2 or higher, which includes the correct version of gcc

   You can download this software from the Apple Developer Connection Web site:

   http://connect.apple.com
   
   

   After you log in, choose Download Software, then Developer Tools to display the download page.

6 Create Required UNIX Groups and User

The following local UNIX groups and user must exist on the system:

• The oinstall group (the Oracle Inventory group)

• The dba group (the OSDBA group)

• The oracle user (the Oracle software owner)

To create this user and these groups, follow these steps:

1. Start Workgroup Manager (/Applications/Server/Workgroup Manager)

2. Create the oinstall and dba groups.

3. Create the oracle user, specifying the following information:

   • For the Primary group, specify oinstall.

   • For the Other groups, specify dba.

4. Set the password of the oracle user.

7 Create Required Directories

Create directories with names similar to the following and specify the correct owner, group, and permissions for them:

• /Volumes/u01/app/oracle (the Oracle base directory)

• /Volumes/u02/oradata (an optional Oracle datafile directory)

The Oracle base directory must have 2 GB of free disk space, or 3.2 GB of free disk space if you choose not to create a separate Oracle datafile directory. The Oracle datafile directory must have 1.2 GB of free disk space.

To determine where to create these directories, follow these steps:

1. Enter the following command to display information about all mounted file systems:

   # df -h
   
   

   This command displays information about all of the file systems mounted on the system, including:

   • The physical device name

   • The total amount, used amount, and available amount of disk space

   • The mount point directory for that file system

2. From the display, identify either one or two file systems that meet the following requirements:

   • Two file systems:

     Identify one file system with 2 GB of free disk space, for the Oracle base directory, and another file system with 1.2 GB of free disk space for the Oracle datafile directory.

   • One file system:

     Identify one file system with 3.2 GB of free disk space, for both the Oracle base directory and the Oracle datafile directory.

3. Note the name of the mount point directory for each file system that you identified.

   In the following examples, /Volumes/u01 is the mount point directory used for the software and /Volumes/u02 is the mount point directory used for the Oracle datafile directory. You must specify the appropriate mount point directories for the file systems on your system.

To create the required directories and specify the correct owner, group, and permissions for them, follow these steps:

1. Enter the following command to create subdirectories in the mount point directory that you identified for the Oracle base directory:

   # mkdir -p /Volumes/u01/app/oracle
   
   

2. If you intend to use a second file system for the Oracle database files, create an oradata subdirectory in the mount point directory that you identified for the Oracle datafile directory (shown as /Volumes/u02 in the examples):

   # mkdir /Volumes/u02/oradata
   
   

3. Change the owner and group of the directories that you created to the oracle user and the oinstall group:

   # chown -R oracle:oinstall /Volumes/u01/app/oracle 
   # chown -R oracle:oinstall /Volumes/u02/oradata
   
   

4. Change the permissions on the directories that you created to 775:

   # chmod -R 775 /Volumes/u01/app/oracle
   # chmod -R 775 /Volumes/u02/oradata
   
   

8 Configure Kernel Parameters

Verify that the kernel parameters shown in the following table are set to values greater than or equal to the recommended value shown. The procedure following the table describes how to verify and set the values.

To view the current value specified for these kernel parameters, and to change them if necessary, follow these steps:

1. Enter the commands shown in the following table to view the current values of the kernel parameters:

   
   

   Note: Make a note of the current values and identify any values that you must change.

   
   

   Parameter	Command
   kern.corefile	# /usr/sbin/sysctl -a | grep corefile
   kern.sysv.semmni, kern.sysv.semmns, kern.sysv.semmnu, kern.sysv.semmsl, kern.sysv.semume	# /usr/sbin/sysctl -a | grep sem
   kern.maxproc, kern.maxprocperuid	# /usr/sbin/sysctl -a | grep maxproc

   
   

2. If the value of any kernel parameter is different to the recommended value, complete the following steps:

   1. Using any text editor, create or edit the /etc/sysctl.conf file and add or edit lines similar to the following:

      kern.corefile=core
      kern.sysv.semmni=87381
      kern.sysv.semmns=87381
      kern.sysv.semmnu=87381
      kern.sysv.semmsl=87381
      kern.sysv.semume=10
      kern.maxproc=2068
      kern.maxprocperuid=2068
      
      

      
      

      Note: Include lines only for the kernel parameter values that you want to change.

      
      

      By specifying the values in the /etc/sysctl.conf file, they persist when you reboot the system.

   2. For each parameter that you must modify, enter a command similar to the following to change the current value:

      # /usr/sbin/sysctl -w parameter_name=value
      
      

      For example:

      # /usr/sbin/sysctl -w kern.maxproc=2068
      
      

Set Shell Limits

To improve the performance of the software on Mac OS X systems, you must increase the following shell limits:

To increase the shell limits:

1. Change directory to the following directory:

   # cd /System/Library/StartupItems/IPServices
   
   

2. Open the IPServices script using any text editor.

3. Add the following ulimit commands to the start of the StartService function in this script:

   ulimit -Hu 2068
   ulimit -Su 2068
   ulimit -Hn 65536
   ulimit -Sn 65536
   
   

4. Add the same ulimit commands to the /etc/rc script, before the SystemStarter command.

9 Log In as the oracle User and Configure the oracle User's Environment

You run the Installer from the oracle account. However, before you start the Installer you must configure the environment of the oracle user. To configure the environment, you must:

• Set the default file mode creation mask (umask) to 022 in the shell startup file.

• Set the ORACLE_BASE and ORACLE_SID environment variables.

To set the oracle user's environment, follow these steps:

1. Start another terminal session and use the ssh, rlogin, or telnet command to log in as the oracle user.

2. To determine the default shell for the oracle user, enter the following command:

   $ echo $SHELL
   
   

3. Open the oracle user's shell startup file in any text editor:

   • Bash shell (bash):

     $ vi .bash_profile
     
     

   • Bourne shell (sh) or Korn shell (ksh):

     $ vi .profile
     
     

   • C shell (csh or tcsh):

     % vi .login
     
     

4. Enter or edit the following line in the shell startup file, specifying a value of 022 for the default file mode creation mask:

   umask 022
   
   

5. Save the file and exit from the editor.

6. To run the shell startup script, enter the following command:

   • Bash shell:

     $ . ./.bash_profile
     
     

   • Bourne shell or Korn shell:

     $ . ./.profile
     
     

   • C shell:

     % source ./.login
     
     

7. If you determined that the /tmp directory had insufficient free disk space when checking the hardware requirements, enter the following commands to set the TEMP and TMPDIR environment variables. Specify a directory on a file system with sufficient free disk space.

   • Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:

     $ TEMP=/directory
     $ TMPDIR=/directory
     $ export TEMP TMPDIR
     
     

   • C shell:

     % setenv TEMP /directory
     % setenv TMPDIR /directory
     
     

8. Enter commands similar to the following to set the ORACLE_BASE and ORACLE_SID environment variables:

   • Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:

     $ ORACLE_BASE=/Volumes/u01/app/oracle
     $ ORACLE_SID=sales
     $ export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_SID
     
     

   • C shell:

     % setenv ORACLE_BASE /Volumes/u01/app/oracle
     % setenv ORACLE_SID sales
     
     

   In these examples, /Volumes/u01/app/oracle is the Oracle base directory that you created earlier and sales is the name that you want to call the database (typically no more than five characters).

9. Enter the following commands to ensure that the ORACLE_HOME and TNS_ADMIN environment variables are not set:

   • Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:

     $ unset ORACLE_HOME
     $ unset TNS_ADMIN
     
     

   • C shell:

     % unsetenv ORACLE_HOME
     % unsetenv TNS_ADMIN
     
     

10. To verify that the environment has been set correctly, enter the following commands:

    $ umask
    $ env | more
    
    

    Verify that the umask command displays a value of 0022, 022, or 22 and that the environment variables you set in this section have the correct values.

10 Install Oracle Database 10g

After configuring the oracle user's environment, start the Installer and install the Oracle software, as follows:

1. Insert the Oracle Database 10g CD-ROM or DVD-ROM into the disc drive.

2. To start the Installer, enter a command similar to the following, where directory_path is the CD-ROM mount point directory or the db directory on the DVD-ROM:

   $ /directory_path/runInstaller
   
   

3. Use the following guidelines to complete the installation:

   • The following table describes the recommended action for each Installer screen.

     
     

     Note: If you have completed the tasks listed previously, you can complete the installation by choosing the default values on most screens.

     
     

   • If you need more assistance, or if you want to choose an option that is not a default, click Help for additional information.

   • If you are prompted to run a script with root privileges, enter a command similar to the following in a terminal where you are logged in as the root user, then click Continue or OK:

     # /script_path/script_name
     
     

     Alternatively, enter a command similar to the following to run the script in a terminal where you are logged in as a user that is a member of the admin group:

     $ sudo /script_path/script_name
     
     

   • If you encounter errors while installing or linking the software, see the Oracle Database Installation Guide for Apple Mac OS X for information about troubleshooting.

oracle_base/oraInventory

oinstall

oracle_base/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

oracle_base/product/10.1.0/db_1

sales.your_domain.com

/Volumes/u02/oradata

oracle_base/oradata

oracle_home/root.sh

oracle_home/install/portlist.ini

11 Install Products from the Oracle Database 10g Companion CD

The Oracle Database 10g Companion CD contains products that improve the performance of or complement Oracle Database 10g. For most installations, Oracle recommends that you install Oracle Database 10g Products from the Companion CD.

Products Included on the Companion CD

The Companion CD includes two sets of products:

• Oracle Database 10g Products

  Includes Oracle Database Examples, natively compiled Java libraries for Oracle JVM and Oracle interMedia, and Oracle Text supplied knowledge bases

  
  

  Note: You must install these products into the same Oracle home directory as Oracle Database 10g Release 1 (10.1.0).

  
  

• Oracle Database 10g Companion Products

  Includes Oracle HTTP Server and Oracle HTML DB

  
  

  Note: You must install Oracle HTTP Server into its own Oracle home directory. You must install Oracle HTML DB either with Oracle HTTP Server, or into an Oracle home directory that contains Oracle HTTP Server.

  
  

The following subsection describes how to install Oracle Database 10g Products. For more information about the products on the Companion CD, and for more detailed information about installing them, see the Oracle Database Companion CD Installation Guide which is located on the Companion CD.

Installing Oracle Database 10g Products

To install Oracle Database 10g Products, follow these steps:

1. Insert the Oracle Database 10g Companion CD CD-ROM or the Oracle Database 10g DVD-ROM into the disc drive.

2. If necessary, log in as the Oracle software owner user that you used to install Oracle Database 10g (typically oracle).

3. Enter a command similar to the following to start the Installer:

   • CD-ROM installation:

     $ /mount_point/runInstaller
     
     

   • DVD-ROM installation:

     $ /mount_point/companion/runInstaller
     
     

   The following table describes the recommended action for each Installer screen:

oracle_base/product/10.1.0/db_1

12 What to Do Next

To become familiar with this release of Oracle Database, Oracle suggests that you complete the following tasks:

• Log in to Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control using a Web browser.

  Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control is a Web-based application that you can use to manage a single Oracle database. The default URL for Database Control is:

  http://host.domain:5500/em/
  
  

  To log in, use the user name SYS and connect as SYSDBA. Use the password that you specified for this user during the Oracle Database 10g installation.

• See Chapter 4 of the Oracle Database Installation Guide for Apple Mac OS X for information about required and optional post-installation tasks, depending on the products that you want to use.

• Review Chapter 5 in the Oracle Database Installation Guide for Apple Mac OS X for information about how to use Database Control to learn about the configuration of your installed database.

• Read the Oracle Database 2 Day DBA guide, to learn more about using Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control to administer a database.

  This guide, designed for new Oracle DBAs, describes how to use Database Control to manage all aspects of an Oracle database installation. It also provides information about how to enable e-mail notifications and automated backups, which you might not have configured during the installation.

13 Additional Information

This section contains information about the following:

• Product Licenses

• Purchasing Licenses, Version Updates, and Documentation

• Contacting Oracle Support Services

• Locating Product Documentation

Product Licenses

You are welcome to install and evaluate the products included in this media pack for 30 days under the terms of the Trial License Agreement. However, you must purchase a program license if you want to continue using any product after the 30 day evaluation period. See the following section for information about purchasing program licenses.

Purchasing Licenses, Version Updates, and Documentation

You can purchase program licenses, updated versions of Oracle products, and printed versions of Oracle documentation from the Oracle Store Web site:

http://oraclestore.oracle.com/

Contacting Oracle Support Services

If you have purchased Oracle Product Support, you can call Oracle Support Services for assistance 24 hours a day, seven days a week. For information about purchasing Oracle Product Support or contacting Oracle Support Services, go to the Oracle Support Services Web site:

http://www.oracle.com/support/

Locating Product Documentation

Documentation for Oracle products is available in both HTML and Adobe portable document format (PDF) formats from several locations:

• On discs in the media pack:

  • Platform-specific documentation is available on the product discs. To access the documentation, see the welcome.htm file located in the top-level directory of the CD-ROM or DVD-ROM.

  • Generic product documentation is available on the Oracle Documentation Library CD-ROM and on the DVD-ROM.

• From the Oracle Technology Network Web site:

  http://otn.oracle.com/documentation/
  
  

To view PDF documents, download the free Adobe Acrobat Reader from the Adobe Web site, if necessary:

http://www.adobe.com/