2 Starting and Stopping Oracle Software

This chapter describes how to identify Oracle Database processes running on UNIX systems, and provides basic information about how to stop and restart them. For more information about administering the products, see the appropriate product-specific documentation. This chapter contains information about the following:

Stopping and Starting Oracle Processes
Automating Startup and Shutdown

Stopping and Starting Oracle Processes

This section describes how to stop and start the processes for the following Oracle products:

Starting Oracle Processes on Mac OS X
Database or Automatic Storage Management Instances
Oracle Net Listener
iSQL*Plus
Oracle Ultra Search
Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control
Oracle Management Agent

Starting Oracle Processes on Mac OS X

Note:

Make sure that you follow the instructions in this section every time you start an Oracle database or ASM instance or an Oracle Net listener process.

To ensure that certain shell limits are set to the values required to run Oracle processes, you must use the ssh, rlogin, or telnet command to connect to the system where you want to start the process, even if that system is the local system. For example:

$ ssh localhost

Database or Automatic Storage Management Instances

This section describes how to stop and start database or Automatic Storage Management (ASM) instances.

Stopping Database or ASM Instances

To stop an Oracle database or ASM instance, follow these steps:

If necessary, to identify the SID and Oracle home directory for the instance that you want to shut down, enter the following command:
- Solaris:
```
$ cat /var/opt/oracle/oratab
```
- Other operating systems:
```
$ cat /etc/oratab
```
The oratab file contains lines similar to the following, which identify the SID and corresponding Oracle home directory for each database or ASM instance on the system:
```
sid:oracle_home_directory:[Y|N]
```
Note:
Oracle recommends that you use the plus sign (+) as the first character in the SID of ASM instances.

Caution:
Do not stop an ASM instance until you have stopped all Oracle database instances that use that ASM instance to manage their storage.
Depending on your default shell, run the oraenv or coraenv script to set the environment variables for the instance that you want to shut down:
- Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:
```
$ . /usr/local/bin/oraenv
```
- C shell:
```
% source /usr/local/bin/coraenv
```
When prompted, specify the SID for the instance.
Enter the following commands to shut down the instance:
```
$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> CONNECT SYS/sys_password as SYSDBA
SQL> SHUTDOWN NORMAL
```
After the instance shuts down, you can exit from SQL*Plus.

Restarting Database or ASM Instances

To restart an Oracle database or Automatic Storage Management instance, follow these steps:

If necessary, repeat steps 1 and 2 in the previous subsection to set the ORACLE_SID and ORACLE_HOME environment variables to identify the SID and Oracle home directory for the instance that you want to start.

Caution:
If the database instance uses ASM for storage management, you must start the ASM instance before you start the database instance.
Enter the following commands to start the instance:
```
$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> CONNECT SYS/sys_password as SYSDBA
SQL> STARTUP
```
After the instance starts, you can exit from SQL*Plus.

Oracle Net Listener

This section describes how to stop and start Oracle Net listener.

Stopping Oracle Net Listener

To stop an Oracle Net listener, follow these steps:

Enter the following command to determine the listener name and Oracle home directory for the Oracle Net listener that you want to stop:
- Mac OS X:
```
$ ps -auxwww | grep tnslsnr
```
- Other operating systems:
```
$ ps -ef | grep tnslsnr
```
This command displays a list of the Oracle Net listeners running on the system, similar to the following, where listenername1 and listenername2 are the names of the listeners:
```
94248 ?? I 0:00.18 oracle_home1/bin/tnslsnr listenername1 -inherit
94248 ?? I 0:00.18 oracle_home2/bin/tnslsnr listenername2 -inherit
```
Set the ORACLE_HOME environment variable to specify the appropriate Oracle home directory for the listener that you want to stop:
- Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:
```
$ ORACLE_HOME=oracle_home1
$ export ORACLE_HOME
```
- C shell:
```
% setenv ORACLE_HOME oracle_home1
```
Enter the following command to stop the Oracle Net listener:
```
$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop listenername
```
Note:
If the name of the listener is the default name LISTENER, you do not have to specify the name in this command.

Restarting Oracle Net Listener

To start an Oracle Net listener, follow these steps:

If necessary, set the ORACLE_HOME environment variable to specify the appropriate Oracle home directory for the listener that you want to start:
- Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:
```
$ ORACLE_HOME=oracle_home1
$ export ORACLE_HOME
```
- C shell:
```
% setenv ORACLE_HOME oracle_home1
```
Enter the following command to restart the Oracle Net listener:
```
$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start [listenername]
```
You must specify the listener name only if it is different from the default listener name LISTENER. To determine the listener name, enter the following command to view the listener.ora file:
```
$ more $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
```

iSQL*Plus

This section describes how to stop and start iSQL*Plus.

Stopping iSQL*Plus

To stop iSQL*Plus, follow these steps:

Set the ORACLE_HOME environment variable to specify the appropriate Oracle home directory for iSQL*Plus:
- Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:
```
$ ORACLE_HOME=oracle_home
$ export ORACLE_HOME
```
- C shell:
```
% setenv ORACLE_HOME oracle_home
```
Enter the following command to stop iSQL*Plus:
```
$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/isqlplusctl stop
```

Starting iSQL*Plus

To start iSQL*Plus, follow these steps:

If necessary, set the ORACLE_HOME environment variable to specify the appropriate Oracle home directory for the iSQL*Plus instance that you want to start:
- Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:
```
$ ORACLE_HOME=oracle_home
$ export ORACLE_HOME
```
- C shell:
```
% setenv ORACLE_HOME oracle_home
```
Enter the following command to start iSQL*Plus:
```
$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/isqlplusctl start
```

Oracle Ultra Search

This section describes how to stop and start Oracle Ultra Search.

Stopping Oracle Ultra Search

To stop Oracle Ultra Search, follow these steps:

If necessary, set the ORACLE_HOME environment variable to specify the appropriate Oracle home directory for Oracle Ultra Search:
- Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:
```
$ ORACLE_HOME=oracle_home
$ export ORACLE_HOME
```
- C shell:
```
% setenv ORACLE_HOME oracle_home
```
Enter the following command to stop Oracle Ultra Search:
```
$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/searchctl stop
```

Starting Oracle Ultra Search

To start Oracle Ultra Search, follow these steps:

If necessary, set the ORACLE_HOME environment variable to specify the appropriate Oracle home directory for Oracle Ultra Search:
- Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:
```
$ ORACLE_HOME=oracle_home
$ export ORACLE_HOME
```
- C shell:
```
% setenv ORACLE_HOME oracle_home
```
Enter the following command to start Oracle Ultra Search:
```
$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/searchctl start
```

Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control

This section describes how to stop and start Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control (Database Control).

Stopping Database Control

To stop Database Control, follow these steps:

Depending on your default shell, run the oraenv or coraenv script to set the environment for the database managed by the Database Control that you want to stop:
- coraenv script:
```
% source /usr/local/bin/coraenv
```
- oraenv script:
```
$ . /usr/local/bin/oraenv
```
Enter the following command to stop the Database Control:
```
$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole
```

Starting Database Control

To start Database Control, follow these steps:

If necessary, set the ORACLE_SID and ORACLE_HOME environment variables to identify the SID and Oracle home directory for the database control that you want to start:
- Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:
```
$ ORACLE_HOME=oracle_home
$ ORACLE_SID=sid
$ export ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID
```
- C shell:
```
% setenv ORACLE_HOME oracle_home
% setenv ORACLE_SID sid
```
Enter the following command to start the Database Control:
```
$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole
```

Oracle Management Agent

If you are using Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control to manage multiple Oracle products from a central location, you must have an Oracle Management Agent installed on each host system. Typically, the Oracle Management Agent is installed in its own Oracle home directory.

This section describes how to stop and start Oracle Management Agent.

Stopping Oracle Management Agent

To stop Oracle Management Agent, follow these steps:

If necessary, enter the following command to determine the Oracle home directory for Oracle Management Agent:
- Mac OS X:
```
$ ps -auxwww | grep emagent
```
- Other operating systems:
```
$ ps -ef | grep emagent
```
This command displays information about the Oracle Management Agent processes, similar to the following:
```
94248 ?? I 0:00.18 oracle_home/agent/bin/emagent ...
```
Set the ORACLE_HOME environment variable to specify the appropriate Oracle home directory for the Oracle Management Agent:
- Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:
```
$ ORACLE_HOME=oracle_home
$ export ORACLE_HOME
```
- C shell:
```
% setenv ORACLE_HOME oracle_home
```
Enter the following command to stop Oracle Management Agent:
```
$ $ORACLE_HOME/agent/bin/emctl stop agent
```

Starting Oracle Management Agent

To start Oracle Management Agent, follow these steps:

If necessary, set the ORACLE_HOME environment variable to specify the appropriate Oracle home directory for Oracle Management Agent:
- Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:
```
$ ORACLE_HOME=oracle_home
$ export ORACLE_HOME
```
- C shell:
```
% setenv ORACLE_HOME oracle_home
```
Enter the following command to start Oracle Management Agent:
```
$ $ORACLE_HOME/agent/bin/emctl start agent
```

Automating Startup and Shutdown

Note:

The procedure described in this section applies to single-instance databases only.

Oracle recommends that you configure your system to automatically start Oracle databases when the system starts up, and to automatically shut them down when the system shuts down. Automating database startup and shutdown guards against incorrect database shutdown.

To automate database startup and shutdown, use the dbstart and dbshut scripts, located in the $ORACLE_HOME/bin directory. The scripts refer to the same entries in the oratab file, and so must apply to the same set of databases. You cannot, for example, have the dbstart script automatically start sid1, sid2, and sid3, and have the dbshut script shut down only sid1. However, you can specify that the dbshut script shuts down a set of databases while the dbstart script is not used at all. To do this, include a dbshut entry in the system shutdown file, but omit the dbstart entry from the system startup files.

The following section describes how to automate startup and shutdown of Oracle Database:

Automating Database Startup and Shutdown on Mac OS X
Automating Database Startup and Shutdown on Other Operating Systems

Automating Database Startup and Shutdown on Mac OS X

To automate database startup and shutdown using the dbstart and dbshut scripts on Mac OS X, follow these steps:

Log in as the root user.
Open the oratab file in any text editor:
```
# vi /etc/oratab
```
Database entries in the oratab file appear in the following format:
```
SID:ORACLE_HOME:{Y|N}
```
In this example, Y or N specifies whether you want the scripts to start up or shut down the database. For each database that you want to start up and shut down, find the instance identifier (SID) for that database, identified by the SID in the first field, and change the last field for each to Y.

Note:
If you add new database instances to the system, remember to edit the entries for those instances in the oratab file if you want them to start automatically.
Create the /Library/StartupItems/Oracle directory and change directory to it:
```
# mkdir /Library/StartupItems/Oracle
# cd /Library/StartupItems/Oracle
```

Using any text editor, create a startup script called Oracle in this directory, similar to the following:

#!/bin/bash

# source the common startup script

. /etc/rc.common

# Change the value of ORACLE_HOME to specify the correct Oracle home
# directory for you installation

ORACLE_HOME=/Volumes/u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1
#
# change the value of ORACLE to the login name of the 
# oracle owner at your site

ORACLE=oracle

PATH=${PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export ORACLE_HOME PATH

# Set shell limits for Oracle Database

ulimit -c unlimited
ulimit -d unlimited
ulimit -s 65536

StartService()
{
        if [ -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/tnslsnr ] ; then
             ConsoleMessage "Starting Oracle Net"
             su $ORACLE -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start"
        fi
        ConsoleMessage "Starting Oracle Databases"
        su $ORACLE -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart"
}

StopService()
{
        ConsoleMessage "Stopping Oracle Databases"
        su $ORACLE -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut"
        if [ -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/tnslsnr ] ; then
             ConsoleMessage "Stopping Oracle Net"
             su $ORACLE -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"
        fi
}

RestartService()
{
       StopService
       StartService
}

RunService "$1"

Note:

This script works only if a password has not been set for the Oracle Net listener. If a password has been set for the listener, this script cannot stop the listener. Also, if the listener name is not the default name LISTENER, you must specify the listener name in the stop and start commands:

$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl {start|stop} listener_name

Using any text editor, create a startup item parameter list file called StartupParameters.plist in this directory, similar to the following:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple Computer//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
    <key>Description</key>
    <string>Oracle Database Startup</string>
    <key>Provides</key>
    <array>
       <string>Oracle Database</string>
    </array>
    <key>Requires</key>
    <array>
       <string>Disks</string>
    </array>
    <key>Uses</key>
    <array>
       <string>Disks</string>
       <string>Network</string>
    </array>
    <key>OrderPreference</key>
    <string>Late</string>
</dict>
</plist>

Change the owner, group, and permissions of the files that you created, as follows:
```
# chown root:wheel *
# chmod 700 *
```

Automating Database Startup and Shutdown on Other Operating Systems

See Also:

For more information about system startup and shutdown procedures, see the init command in your UNIX system documentation.

To automate database startup and shutdown using the dbstart and dbshut scripts on AIX, HP-UX, Linux, Solaris, or Tru64 UNIX, follow these steps:

Log in as the root user.
Open the oratab file in any text editor:
- Solaris:
```
# vi /var/opt/oracle/oratab
```
- Other operating systems:
```
# vi /etc/oratab
```
Database entries in the oratab file appear in the following format:
```
SID:ORACLE_HOME:{Y|N}
```
In this example, Y or N specifies whether you want the scripts to start up or shut down the database. For each database that you want to start up and shut down, find the instance identifier (SID) for that database, identified by the SID in the first field, and change the last field for each to Y.

Note:
If you add new database instances to the system, remember to edit the entries for those instances in the oratab file if you want them to start automatically.
Change directory to one of the following directories, depending on your platform:

Platform Initialization File Directory

AIX /etc

Linux and Solaris /etc/init.d

HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX /sbin/init.d

Platform	Initialization File Directory
AIX	`/etc`
Linux and Solaris	`/etc/init.d`
HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX	`/sbin/init.d`

Create a file called dbora with the following contents. Change the value specified for the ORACLE_HOME environment variable to an Oracle home directory for your installation, and change the value of the ORACLE environment variable to the user name of the owner of the database installed in the Oracle home directory (typically oracle):

#! /bin/sh  -x
#
# Change the value of ORACLE_HOME to specify the correct Oracle home
# directory for you installation

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1
#
# change the value of ORACLE to the login name of the 
# oracle owner at your site
#

ORACLE=oracle

PATH=${PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
HOST=`hostname`
PLATFORM=`uname`
export ORACLE_HOME PATH
#
if [ ! "$2" = "ORA_DB" ] ; then
   if [ "$PLATFORM" = "HP-UX" ] ; then
      remsh $HOST -l $ORACLE -n "$0 $1 ORA_DB"
      exit
   else
      rsh $HOST -l $ORACLE  $0 $1 ORA_DB
      exit
   fi
fi
#
LOG=$ORACLE_HOME/startup.log
touch $LOG
chmod a+r $LOG
#

case $1 in
'start')
        echo "$0: starting up" >> $LOG
        date >> $LOG
        # Start Oracle Net
        if [ -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/tnslsnr ] ; then
             echo "starting Oracle Net Listener"
             $ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start >> $LOG 2>&1 &
        fi
        echo "Starting Oracle databases"
        $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart >> $LOG 2>&1 &
        ;;
'stop')
        echo "$0: shutting down" >> $LOG
        date >> $LOG
        # Stop Oracle Net
        if [ -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/tnslsnr ] ; then
             echo "stopping Oracle Net Listener"
             $ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop >> $LOG 2>&1 &
        fi
        echo "stopping Oracle databases"
        $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut >> $LOG 2>&1 &
        ;;
*)
        echo "usage: $0 {start|stop}" 
        exit 
        ;;
esac
#
exit

Note:

$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl {start|stop} listener_name

Change the group of the dbora file to the OSDBA group (typically dba) and set the permissions to 750:
```
# chgrp dba dbora
# chmod 750 dbora
```

Create symbolic links to the dbora script in the appropriate run-level script directories, as follows:

Platform	Symbolic Links Commands
AIX	# ln -s /etc/dbora /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/S99dbora # ln -s /etc/dbora /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/K01dbora
HP-UX	# ln -s /sbin/init.d/dbora /sbin/rc3.d/S990dbora # ln -s /sbin/init.d/dbora /sbin/rc3.d/K001dbora
Linux	# ln -s /etc/init.d/dbora /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/K01dbora # ln -s /etc/init.d/dbora /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S99dbora # ln -s /etc/init.d/dbora /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/K01dbora # ln -s /etc/init.d/dbora /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S99dbora
Solaris	# ln -s /etc/init.d/dbora /etc/rc3.d/K01dbora # ln -s /etc/init.d/dbora /etc/rc3.d/S99dbora
Tru64 UNIX	# ln -s /sbin/init.d/dbora /sbin/rc3.d/S99dbora # ln -s /sbin/init.d/dbora /sbin/rc3.d/K01dbora