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## Device Groups

In the Oracle Solaris Cluster software, all multihost devices must be under control of the Oracle Solaris Cluster software. The Oracle Solaris Cluster software automatically creates a raw device group for each disk and tape device in the cluster. However, these cluster device groups remain in an offline state until you access them as global devices.

Note - Device groups are independent of resource groups. One node can master a resource group (representing a group of data service processes). Another node can master the device groups that are being accessed by the data services. However, the best practice is to keep on the same node the device group that stores a particular application's data and the resource group that contains the application's resources (the application daemon). Refer to Relationship Between Resource Groups and Device Groups in Oracle Solaris Cluster Data Services Planning and Administration Guide for more information about the association between device groups and resource groups.

Each cluster node that is physically attached to the multihost disks provides a path to the device group.

### Device Group Failover

Because a disk enclosure is connected to more than one cluster node, all device groups in that enclosure are accessible through an alternate path if the node currently mastering the device group fails. The failure of the node that is mastering the device group does not affect access to the device group except for the time it takes to perform the recovery and consistency checks. During this time, all requests are blocked (transparently to the application) until the system makes the device group available.

Figure 3-1 Device Group Before and After Failover

### Device Group Ownership

This section describes device group properties that enable you to balance performance and availability in a multiported disk configuration. Oracle Solaris Cluster software provides two properties that configure a multiported disk configuration: `preferenced` and `numsecondaries`. You can control the order in which nodes attempt to assume control if a failover occurs by using the `preferenced` property. Use the `numsecondaries` property to set the number of secondary nodes for a device group that you want.

A highly available service is considered down when the primary node fails and when no eligible secondary nodes can be promoted to primary nodes. If service failover occurs and the `preferenced` property is `true`, then the nodes follow the order in the node list to select a secondary node. The node list defines the order in which nodes attempt to assume primary control or transition from spare to secondary. You can dynamically change the preference of a device service by using the `clsetup` command. The preference that is associated with dependent service providers, for example a global file system, is identical to the preference of the device service.

Secondary nodes are check-pointed by the primary node during normal operation. In a multiported disk configuration, checkpointing each secondary node causes cluster performance degradation and memory overhead. Spare node support was implemented to minimize the performance degradation and memory overhead that checkpointing caused. By default, your device group has one primary and one secondary. The remaining available provider nodes become spares. If failover occurs, the secondary becomes primary and the node highest in priority on the node list becomes secondary.

You can set the number of secondary nodes that you want to any integer between one and the number of operational nonprimary provider nodes in the device group.

Note - If you are using Solaris Volume Manager, you must create the device group first, using the `metaset` command before you use the `cldg` command to set the property.

The default number of secondaries is 1. The actual number of secondary providers that is maintained by the framework is the number that you want, unless the number of operational nonprimary providers is less than the number that you want. You must alter the `numsecondaries` property and double-check the node list if you are adding or removing nodes from your configuration. Maintaining the node list and number of secondaries prevents conflict between the configured number of secondaries and the actual number that is allowed by the framework.

- Use the `cldg` command for Solaris Volume Manager device groups, in conjunction with the `preferenced` and `numsecondaries` property settings, to manage the addition of nodes to and the removal of nodes from your configuration.

- Refer to Overview of Administering Cluster File Systems in Oracle Solaris Cluster System Administration Guide for procedural information about changing device group properties.

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