Sun Java System Application Server Platform Edition 8.1 2005Q2 Update 2 Administration Guide

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### Realms

A realm, also called a security policy domain or security domain, is a scope over which the server defines and enforces a common security policy. In practical terms, a realm is a repository where the server stores user and group information.

The Application Server comes preconfigured with three realms: `file` (the initial default realm), `certificate`, and `admin-realm`. It is possible to also set up `ldap`, `solaris`, or custom realms. Applications can specify the realm to use in their deployment descriptor. If they do not specify a realm, the Application Server uses its default realm.

In the `file` realm, the server stores user credentials locally in a file named `keyfile`. You can use the Admin Console to manage users in the `file` realm. For more information, see Managing file Realm Users.

In the `certificate` realm, the server stores user credentials in a certificate database. When using the `certificate` realm, the server uses certificates with the HTTPS protocol to authenticate Web clients. For more information about certificates, see Introduction to Certificates and SSL.

The `admin-realm` is also a `FileRealm` and stores administrator user credentials locally in a file named `admin-keyfile`. Use the Admin Console to manage users in this realm in the same way you manage users in the `file` realm. For more information, see Managing file Realm Users.

In the `ldap` realm the server gets user credentials from a Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) server such as the Sun Java System Directory Server. LDAP is a protocol for enabling anyone to locate organizations, individuals, and other resources such as files and devices in a network, whether on the public Internet or on a corporate intranet. Consult your LDAP server documentation for information on managing users and groups in the `ldap` realm.

In the `solaris` realm the server gets user credentials from the Solaris operating system. This realm is supported on the Solaris 9 OS and later. Consult your Solaris documentation for information on managing users and groups in the `solaris` realm.

A custom realm is any other repository of user credentials, such as a relational database or third-party component. For more information, see Creating a Custom Realm.

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