This chapter explains how to install a remotely administered SunScreen EFS 3.0 in stealth mode. You can use local administration on a SunScreen running in stealth mode, but that configuration is not recommended and is not covered in this chapter. The software is first installed on the machine that will be the Administration Station, and then on the machine that will be the Screen. Encrypted communication between the Administration Station and the Screen is achieved by use of SunScreen SKIP (Simple Key-Management for Internet Protocols).
If you are installing on a system without a monitor, the procedures for installation using the command line are described in Appendix A.
Topics covered include:
Installing SunScreen EFS 3.0 in stealth mode
Installing the software on the Administration Station
Installing certificates on the Administration Station
Installing the software on the Screen
Using SKIP for encrypted communication
If you have used the SunScreen SPF-200 product, the installation method is changed considerably. Please read this entire chapter before proceeding with installation in stealth mode.
Before installing, review the SunScreen EFS 3.0 Release Notes for the latest information about this product.
Operating SunScreen EFS 3.0 in stealth mode acts much like a bridge in that no IP interfaces are exposed to the public or private network, and packets are transparently passed through the Screen. When operating in stealth mode, the firewall cannot be directly attacked through any means other than a denial of service attack, and cannot be seen or detected through traceroute or similar network tools.
Prior to beginning the procedure that follows, configure only the network interface that will be used for remote administration. See the documentation accompanying the Solaris operating environment, if needed.
In this procedure, you will be asked if you want to harden the Screen. Hardening is optional and if chosen, is an automated removal of Solaris files and packages which might otherwise make the Screen vulnerable to an attack. Once you have hardened your Screen, it becomes a dedicated firewall and the machine can not be used for another purpose without first reinstalling the Solaris operating environment.
The following procedures explain how to install SunScreen EFS 3.0 in stealth mode using either self-generated or issued certificate technology.
This type of installation requires several steps to complete. You proceed in the following order:
Install the SunScreen Administration software on the Administration Station.
This step installs the required SKIP packages on the Administration Station. This is the first prerequisite to creating a secure method of communication between the Administration Station and the Screen. The use of SKIP technology enables encrypted communication between the two.
Install the Administration certificate on the Administration Station.
Install the SunScreen software on the Screen.
This procedure requires the Administration Station's certificate ID and installs the Screen's certificate.
Install the Screen's certificate ID on the Administration Station.
Start encrypted communication between the Administration Station and the Screen by enabling SKIP on the Administration Station.
The installation procedure requires that the machine be rebooted when indicated. Do not perform any other tasks on the machine while installing the software, as a delay in rebooting the machine may affect installation and cause your system to hang.
Do not begin this procedure until you have read the information in Chapter 2.
Open a terminal window and become root.
Ensure that the OpenWindows(TM) File Manager is not running because it interferes with the operation of the volcheck command used for installation.
Insert the SunScreen EFS 3.0 CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive.
Mount the CD-ROM by typing:
# volcheck |
# /cdrom/cdrom0/adminInstaller |
Due to late software changes, the appearance of the installation wizards may differ slightly from that shown. Functionality and performance is not affected. The panels of the installation wizards can be resized, if needed.
The SunScreen EFS Admin Install's Welcome window appears, as shown in Figure 5-1.
Click Next to continue the installation process.
The Select Type of Install window appears. You are given two choices: Default Install and Custom Install. Default Install is the default.
The HotJava browser, version 1.1.5, is packaged on the SunScreen EFS 3.0 CD-ROM and is installed as part of the Default Install. If you do not want this installed, select Custom Install and deselect package SUNWdthj.
Select the type of install desired, and Click Next.
The disk space on your machine is checked. An error message appears if you do not have enough disk space.
The Ready to Install window appears, as shown in Figure 5-2. The size of the packages to be installed is confirmed.
Click Install Now to continue the installation process.
The Installing window appears, as shown in Figure 5-3. The status bar shows the progress of the installation.
Click Next to complete the installation process.
An Installation Summary window appears, as shown in Figure 5-4.
Select Exit to complete the installation process using the installation wizard.
The installation wizard disappears.
Set the PATH and MANPATH by editing your shell initialization file (such as .profile or.login file).
Eject the CD-ROM from the CD-ROM drive by typing
# eject cdrom0 |
Install any SKIP upgrades (Export Controlled [1024-bit] or U.S. and Canada Use Only [2048-bit] keys) as instructed in the documentation that is included with the SKIP upgrade CD-ROM.
Reboot to complete installation by typing:
# sync; init 6 |
The software packages have been installed. You continue the installation process on the machine that is the Administration Station.
You now return to the Administration Station and proceed with "To Set the PATH, Install SKIP Upgrades, and Display the AdminSetup.readme File".
The procedure to install the software on the Screen when using Issued Certificates is nearly identical to the previous procedure, which used Self-Generated Certificates. The difference is only that your certificates are contained on diskette instead of being self-generated, and they must be installed when the Select Certificate Window appears.
To install the software on the Screen when using Issued Certificates, follow the instructions contained in the procedure, "To Install The Software on the Administration Station". When the Select Certificate Type window appears, select Issued Certificate and follow the procedure below. Once the certificates are installed, return to the previous procedure and resume with Step 17.
To do this procedure, you need the Key and Certificate diskette.
From the Select Certificate Type window, select Issued Certificates and Click Next.
The Select Certificate Window is show in Figure 5-5. The Issued Certificate Key Diskettes window next appears, as show in Figure 5-6.
Insert the Key and Certificate diskette and Click Read Diskette.
Wait until the Issued Certificate ID appears at the bottom of the window, as show in Figure 5-7.
Write down the certificate ID, which is eight characters long, and Click Next.
The Issued Certificate Key Diskettes window appears, as shown in Figure 5-8.
Insert the Screen's Certificate ID diskette into the floppy drive and Click Read Diskette button.
The Issued Certificate ID appears at the bottom of the window.
Write down the Screen's certificate ID, which is eight characters long, and Click Next.
The Select Initial Security Level Window appears.
Complete installation on the Screen by the following the instructions in the previous procedure, "To Install The Software on the Administration Station". Resume with Step 17.
On the Screen, open a terminal window and become root, if not already.
Set the PATH and MANPATH by editing your shell initialization file (such as .profile or .login file).
Install any SKIP upgrades (Export Controlled [1024-bit] or U.S. and Canada Use Only [2048-bit] keys) as instructed in the documentation that is included with the SKIP upgrade CD-ROM.
To display the AdminSetup.readme file, in a terminal window type:
# more /etc/opt/SUNWicg/SunScreen/AdminSetup.readme |
The AdminSetup.readme file contains the Screen's certificate ID as well as the command you run in order to give the Administration Station the Screen's certificate ID, as shown in Figure 5-9. Write the command down for later use, which begins with skiphost -a.
Eject the CD-ROM by typing:
# eject cdrom0 |
If SKIP upgrades were installed, reboot the Screen by typing:
# sync; init 6 |
You now return to the Administration Station to complete SKIP configuration. Proceed to "Using SKIP for Encrypted Communication".
To obtain encrypted communication between the Administration Station and the Screen, certificates must be installed on both machines. This can be done by either using self-generated certificates or by installing issued certificates. Both methods are done on the Administration Station.
If you are using self-generated certificates, use Option 1. If you are using issued certificates, use Option 2.
Open a terminal window and create the required SKIP directories by typing:
# skiplocal -i |
Create the self-generated certificate on the Administration Station by typing:
# skiplocal -k -f -V |
The local certificate ID appears, as shown in Figure 5-10. It is the Administration Station's 32-character certificate ID (MKID).
Write down the certificate ID, beginning with Ox.
Add SKIP to all the interfaces by typing:
# skipif -a |
Reboot to complete the installation by typing:
# sync; init 6 |
The Administration Station's certificate ID has been generated. You next move to the Screen to install the SunScreen software. Continue to the section, "Installing the Software on the Screen".
To do this procedure, you will need the Key and Certificate diskette.
Open a terminal window on the Administration Station and become root.
Ensure that the OpenWindows File Manager is not running because it interferes with the operation of the volcheck command used for installation.
Create the required SKIP directories by typing:
# skiplocal -i |
Insert the Key and Certificate diskette into the Administration Station's floppy drive.
Mount the floppy by typing:
# volcheck |
Install the SKIP keys by typing:
# install_skip_keys -icg /floppy/floppy0 |
Start the SKIP daemon by typing:
# skipd_restart |
Eject the Key and Certificate diskette by typing:
# eject floppy0 |
Write down the certificate ID, which is eight characters long.
Add SKIP to all the interfaces by typing:
# skipif -a |
Reboot to complete the installation by typing:
# sync; init 6 |
The Administration Station's certificate ID has been installed. You next move to the Screen to install the SunScreen software.
The next step is to install the SunScreen EFS 3.0 software on the machine that serves as the Screen. If you have a monitor and a keyboard attached to your Screen, you can use the installation wizard. If you are operating the Screen without a monitor, you must either temporarily attach a monitor and keyboard, or install the software via the command line. Command line instructions are located in Appendix A.
Before starting the procedure below, configure only the network interface you plan on using for remote administration, if not already done. Configuration of additional network interfaces may result in a non-operational Screen. For details on Solaris network configuration, see the documentation accompanying the Solaris operating environment.
If you configure a network interface and later set it to stealth mode, the Screen will hang upon activation. If this happens, you must first reboot the Screen in single user mode; second, remove the file /etc/hostname.interface_name, which will unconfigure that interface; and third, reboot again.
In this procedure, you need the Administration Station's certificate ID (MKID) from the previous procedure.
On the Screen, open a terminal window and become root.
Insert the SunScreen EFS 3.0 CD-ROM into the Screen's CD-ROM drive.
Mount the CD-ROM by typing:
# volcheck |
Add the software by typing:
# /cdrom/cdrom0/screenInstaller |
The SunScreen EFS Screen Install Welcome window appears, as shown in Figure 5-11.
Click Next to continue the installation process.
The Check Installed Solaris Packages window appears, as shown in Figure 5-12. Prior to installation of the SunScreen EFS 3.0 software, a check is performed to verify that the prerequisite Solaris packages are installed on your machine.
If there are missing required packages, a list will be displayed. You must exit the installation wizard at this point and install the required Solaris packages from your Solaris CD.
Click Next to continue the installation process.
The Secondary HA Designation window appears, as shown in Figure 5-13. No is the default.
Choose Yes if you are configuring an HA cluster and are installing the Secondary SunScreen of that cluster. If this is what you want to do, exit the installation wizard and see the SunScreen EFS 3.0 Administration Guide for instructions on how to set-up an HA cluster.
Accept the default, No, and Click Next.
The Select Screen Type window appears, as shown in Figure 5-14. You are given two types of installations to choose from: Stealth or Routing. Routing mode is the default.
Select Stealth mode and Click Next.
The Select Administration Type window appears, as shown in Figure 5-15. You are given the choice of Local Administration or Remote Administration. Local Administration is the default.
When operating in stealth mode, only Local Administration of the Screen is not a supported configuration. Even if the plan is to use Local Administration primarily for the Screen, the administrator should verify that Remote Administration is configured properly .
Select Remote Administration, and Click Next.
The Select Type of Install window appears, as shown in Figure 5-16. You are given two choices: Default Install and Custom Install.
The HotJava browser, version 1.1.5, is packaged on the SunScreen EFS 3.0 CD-ROM and is installed as part of the Default Install. If you do not want this installed, select Custom Install and deselect package SUNWdthj.
Select the type of install desired, and Click Next.
The disk space on your machine is checked. An error message appears if you do not have enough disk space.
The Ready to Install window appears, as shown in Figure 5-17. The size of the packages to be installed is confirmed.
Click Install Now to continue the installation process.
The Installing Window appears, as shown in Figure 5-18. The status bar shows the progress of the installation.
Once completed, the Installation Summary window appears, as shown in Figure 5-19. This window can be resized if needed.
Click Next to continue the installation process.
The Select Certificate Type window appears. Self-Generated Certificate is the default, as shown in Figure 5-20.
If you are using Issued Certificates, you must now turn to the following procedure, "To Install The Software on the Administration Station". Follow the instructions to install your Issued Certificates. Once completed, return to this procedure and resume with Step 17.
Accept the default, Self-Generated Certificate, and Click Next.
The Self-Generated Certificate ID window appears, as shown in Figure 5-21.
Enter the Administration Station's 32-character certificate ID (MKID), obtained in the previous procedure, and Click Next. Do not enter the leading two characters: 0x.
The Generate Screen Certificate window appears. Wait while the Screen's certificate ID is generated. When completed, the Screen's 32-character certificate ID appears at the bottom of the window, as shown in Figure 5-22.
Write down the Screen's 32-character certificate ID (MKID) that appears at the bottom of the window.
Click Next to continue the installation process.
The Select Initial Security Level window appears.
Select the level of security you want: Restrictive, Secure, or Permissive. Permissive is the default.
When in doubt, select Permissive as your initial security level, as shown in Figure 5-23. You can change this later if you need to.
Click Next to continue the installation process.
The Select Name Service(s) window appears, as shown in Figure 5-24. You must select the name service that will be used on the Screen. Your choices are both NIS and DNS, either NIS or DNS, or None. The default has both NIS and DNS selected. To select just one, deselect the one you do not want. For None, deselect both.
Select the appropriate Name Service(s), and Click Next.
The Screen Configuration window appears with the message: Configuring Screen, as shown in Figure 5-25. Figure 5-26 shows the message which appears when the Screen is successfully configured.
Click Next to continue the installation process.
The Screen Hardening window appears, as shown in Figure 5-27.
Hardening is optional and if chosen, is an automated removal of Solaris files and packages which might otherwise make the Screen vulnerable to an attack. Once you have hardened your Screen, it becomes a dedicated firewall and the machine can not be used for another purpose without first reinstalling the Solaris operating environment.
(Optional) To Harden your Screen, Click the Harden Screen button and Click Next.
The Screen Reboot window appears, as shown in Figure 5-28.
To reboot the machine, Click the Screen Reboot button.
The installation wizard disappears.
You must reboot the machine at this time in order to complete the installation process.
To complete the installation in stealth mode, encrypted communication between the Administration Station and the Screen must be achieved. This is done by enabling SunScreen SKIP, which was previously installed. In this procedure, you will need to tell the Administration Station what encryption algorithms to use to communicate with the Screen. For more information regarding SunScreen SKIP, see the SunScreen SKIP 1.5 User's Guide.
To configure the Administration Station to communicate with the Screen, you need to know:
What access control list (ACL) parameters to set to match the Screen's encryption settings.
The Screen's certificate ID.
The command obtained from the AdminSetup.readme file in the previous procedure is now used.
Instructions for using SKIP from the command line are found in Appendix A.
Open a terminal window and become root, if not already.
Launch the skiptool GUI by entering:
# skiptool |
You may need to use the skiptool -i name_of_interface (such as qe3) if you wish to set SKIP parameters on an interface other than the default interface.
The skiptool GUI appears, as shown in Figure 5-29.
You next add a default ACL to talk to unencrypted to all hosts.
Click the Add button, and under Host, choose the Off security option.
The Add Host properties window opens.
Type `default' as the Hostname and Click Apply.
This is shown in Figure 5-30.
You next add an ACL so the Administration Station and Screen can use encrypted communication.
Click the Add button, and under Host, choose the SKIP security option.
The Add Skip host properties window appears, as shown in Figure 5-31.
Use the information contained in the AdminSetup.readme file, obtained in the preceding procedure, and complete the fields.
Type Name_of_Screen in the Hostname field.
In the Secure field, select Whole Packet from the drop-down list.
In the Remote Key ID, make the appropriate selection from the drop-down list.
Refer to the AdminSetup.readme file to select the correct Remote Key ID. For self-generated certificates on the Administration Station, select MD5 (DH Public Value). For issued certificates, select IPv4. See Figure 5-32 for a sample of the Add SKIP Host Properties window completed.
In the Local Key ID, make the appropriate selection from the drop-down list.
Refer to the AdminSetup.readme file to select the correct Local Key ID. For self-generated certificates on the Administration Station, select MD5 (DH Public Value). For issued certificates, select IPv4.The ID value is filled in automatically.
Turn SKIP on. From the pulldown menu for "Access control is:", located at the top of the skiptool window, select `enabled'.
When you select enabled from the pulldown menu, a window appears when you save the configuration. Click Cancel to prevent these required systems, which are part of the default configuration, from showing up in the Authorized Systems window.
Select Save from the File pulldown menu.
After configuring SKIP, check that the encryption parameters and certificate ID (MKID) values match on both the Administration Station and the Screen.
To configure and manage your SunScreen from your Administration Station, run a Java-enabled Web browser compliant with JDK 1.1.3 or later, and launch the Administration GUI by typing the following URL:
http://Name_of_Screen:3852/ |
The Administration GUI appears, as shown in Figure 5-33.
To login, type the following and Click Login:
User Name: admin Password: admin |
You next configure and manage your SunScreen with the Administration GUI. See the SunScreen EFS 3.0 Administration Guide for further instructions.