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Oracle® Communications Data Model Implementation and Operations Guide 11g Release 2 (11.2) Part Number E15883-05 |
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# 1 Introduction to Oracle Communications Data Model Customization

This chapter provides an introduction to customizing the Oracle Communications Data Model. It contains the following topics:

- What is the Oracle Communications Data Model?

- Steps for Implementing an Oracle Communications Data Model Warehouse

- Before You Begin Customizing the Oracle Communications Data Model

- Managing the Metadata for Oracle Communications Data Model

- Performing Fit-Gap Analysis for Oracle Communications Data Model

## What is the Oracle Communications Data Model?

Oracle Communications Data Model is a standards-based, pre-built approach to communications data warehousing enabling a communications company to realize the power of insight more quickly. Oracle Communications Data Model reduces costs for both immediate and on-going operations by leveraging out-of-box Oracle based data warehouse and business intelligence solutions, making world-class database and business intelligence technology solutions available with a communications specific data model. You can use Oracle Communications Data Model in any application environment. Also, you can easily extend the model.

Using Oracle Communications Data Model you can jump-start the design and implementation of an Oracle Communications Data Model warehouse to quickly achieve a positive ROI for your data warehousing and business intelligence project with a predictable implementation effort.

Oracle Communications Data Model provides much of the data modeling work that you must do for a communications business intelligence solution. The Oracle Communications Data Model logical and physical data models were designed following best practices for communications service providers. Oracle Communications Data Model is conformance certified with TM Forum's Information Framework (SID) version 8.1 as discussed in Oracle Communications Data Model Reference.

- Components of the Oracle Communications Data Model

- Oracle Products That Make Up Oracle Communications Data Model

### Components of the Oracle Communications Data Model

Oracle Communications Data Model includes the following components:

- Logical model which is a third normal form (3NF) entity-object standards-based model. The logical model is described in Oracle Communications Data Model Reference.

- Physical model defined as two Oracle Database schemas. One schema defines all the relational and OLAP physical components of Oracle Communications Data Model, and the tables that hold the results of the data mining models. The other schema defines the actual data mining models.

- Intra-ETL database packages and SQL scripts to extract, transform, and load (ETL) data from the Oracle Communications Data Model 3NF physical tables to the derived and aggregate tables in Oracle Communications Data Model.

- Sample reports and dashboards developed using Oracle Business Intelligence Suite Enterprise Edition.

- DDL and installation scripts

Note:

When you use the Oracle Installer to install Oracle Communications Data Model, you have the choice of performing two different types of installations:

- Installation of the Oracle Communications Data Model component, itself

- Installation of sample reports (and schemas)

See Oracle Communications Data Model Installation Guide for detailed information on the different types of installation

See:

Oracle Communications Data Model Reference for detailed descriptions of the components.

### Oracle Products That Make Up Oracle Communications Data Model

Several Oracle technologies are involved in building the infrastructure for Oracle Communications Data Model:

- Oracle Database with OLAP, Data Mining and Partitioning Option

- Oracle Communications Data Model Application Adapters

- Oracle Development Tools

- Oracle Business Intelligence Suite Enterprise Edition Presentation Tools

Oracle Database with OLAP, Data Mining and Partitioning Option

Oracle Communications Data Model uses a complete Oracle technical stack. It leverages the following data warehousing features of the Oracle Database: SQL model, compression, partitioning, advanced statistical functions, materialized views, data mining, and online analytical processing (OLAP).

Oracle Communications Data Model Application Adapters

The Oracle Communications Network Charging and Control Adapter for Oracle Communications Data Model is an option of the Oracle Communications Data Model. You can use this application adapter to populate the foundation layer of an Oracle Communications Data Model warehouse with data from an Oracle Communications Network Charging and Control (NCC) system.

Oracle Development Tools

You can use the following Oracle tools to customize the predefined physical models provided with Oracle Communications Data Model, or to populate the target relational tables and materialized cube views.

Table 1-1 Oracle Development Tools Used with Oracle Communications Data Model

Name | Use
--- | ---
SQL Developer or SQL*Plus | To modify, customize, and extend database objects
Oracle Warehouse Builder | For the process control of the intra ETL process
Analytic Workspace Manager | To view, create, develop, and manage OLAP dimensional objects.

Oracle Business Intelligence Suite Enterprise Edition Presentation Tools

Oracle Business Intelligence Suite Enterprise Edition is a comprehensive suite of enterprise BI products that delivers a full range of analysis and reporting capabilities. You can use Oracle Business Intelligence Suite Enterprise Edition Answers and Dashboard presentation tools to customize the predefined sample dashboard reports that are provided with Oracle Communications Data Model.

See:

"Reporting Approaches in Oracle Communications Data Model".

## Steps for Implementing an Oracle Communications Data Model Warehouse

Although Oracle Communications Data Model was designed following best practices for communications service providers, usually the model requires some customization to meet your business needs.

The reasons that you might customize Oracle Communications Data Model include: your business does not have a business area that is in the logical model of Oracle Communications Data Model, or you must apply a new or different business rule.

Typical physical model modifications include: adding, deleting, modifying, or renaming tables and columns; or altering foreign keys, constraints, or indexes.

To implement an Oracle Communications Data Model warehouse, take the following steps:

1. Perform the organizational tasks outlined in "Before You Begin Customizing the Oracle Communications Data Model".

2. Create a fit-gap analysis report by following the process outlined "Performing Fit-Gap Analysis for Oracle Communications Data Model".

3. In a development environment, install a copy of the Oracle Communications Data Model.

4. Customize Oracle Communications Data Model by making the changes you documented in the fit-gap analysis report. Make the changes in the following order:

   1. Foundation layer of the physical model and the ETL to populate that layer. When customizing the physical objects, follow the guidelines in "Foundation Layer Customization" When writing the ETL, follow the guidelines in "ETL for the Foundation Layer of an Oracle Communications Data Model Warehouse".

   2. Access layer of the physical model and the ETL to populate that layer. When designing the physical objects, follow the guidelines in Chapter 3, "Access Layer Customization." When writing the ETL, follow the guidelines in "Customizing Intra-ETL for the Oracle Communications Data Model".

5. In a test environment, make a copy of your customized version of Oracle Communications Data Model. Then, following the documentation you created in Step 2, test the customized version of Oracle Communications Data Model

6. Following your typical procedures, roll the tested customized version of Oracle Communications Data Model out into pre-production and, then, production.

Tip:

Keep 'clean' copies of the components delivered with Oracle Communications Data Model components. This is important when upgrading to later versions of Oracle Communications Data Model.

## Before You Begin Customizing the Oracle Communications Data Model

Before you begin customizing Oracle Communications Data Model, ensure the following teams and committees exist:

- Data warehouse governance steering committee. This steering committee has the responsibilities outlined in "Responsibilities of a Data Warehouse Governance Committee".

- Implementation team. This team consists of IT engineers who have the expertise outlined in "Prerequisite Knowledge for implementers". This team has the responsibilities outlined in "Steps for Implementing an Oracle Communications Data Model Warehouse".

- Fit-gap analysis team. This team consists of business analysts who can identify the business requirements and scope of the Oracle Communications Data Model and at least some engineers in the Implementation team. Business members of this team must understand logical data modeling so that they can evaluate what changes must be made to the foundation and access layers of the physical model. This team has the responsibilities outlined in "Performing Fit-Gap Analysis for Oracle Communications Data Model".

After these teams and committees are formed:

- Discuss the approach and determine the involvement and roles of every party involved in the customization (for example, business and IT).

- Agree on the scope of the project (that is, agree on what new data must be in the data warehouse and why it is needed).

- Agree on the timing and the working arrangements.

### Prerequisite Knowledge for implementers

As outlined in "Oracle Products That Make Up Oracle Communications Data Model", the Oracle Communications Data Model uses much of the Oracle stack. Consequently, to successfully implement the Oracle Communications Data Model, the implementation team needs:

- Experience performing information and data analysis and data modeling. (Experience using Oracle SQL Data Modeler, is a plus.)

- An understanding of the Oracle technology stack, especially data warehouse (Database, Data Warehouse, OLAP, Data Mining, Warehouse Builder, Oracle Business Intelligence Suite Enterprise Edition)

- Hands-on experience using:

  - Oracle Database

  - PL/SQL

  - SQL DDL and DML syntax

  - Analytic Workspace Manager

  - Oracle SQL Developer

  - Oracle Business Intelligence Suite Enterprise Edition Administrator, Answers, and Dashboards

### Responsibilities of a Data Warehouse Governance Committee

Governance is of concern to any enterprise, executive team or individual with an interest in the processes, standards, and compliance. It is even more important to organizations that have invested in data warehousing.

Data warehouse governance occurs within the context of overall IT governance. It provides the necessary policies, process and procedures, which must be clearly communicated to the entire corporation, from the IT employees to the front-end operational personnel.

Before you customize Oracle Communications Data Model, setup a data warehouse governance steering committee if one does not exist. The role of this steering committed is to oversee the data warehouse to provide an environment that reaches across the enterprise and drives the best business value.

Data Warehouse Governance Committee: Overall Responsibilities

The data warehouse governance steering committee sets direction and response for the governance framework and covers the follow areas:

- The entire data warehouse life cycle.

- Agree on the data to process and make available to end-users.

- Determine what is the minimum quality criteria for the data that is available to end users and determine how to measure and analyze these criteria against the quality of the data that is the source data for the data warehouse.

- The business goals of the organization to apply core information from data warehouse.

- The policies, procedures and standards for data resource and data access.

- The life cycle of data warehouse component management.

Data Warehouse Governance Committee: Data Governance Responsibilities

The more detailed focus in data warehouse governance is data governance. Data governance tasks include:

- Approving the data modeling standards, metadata standards and other related standards. This includes determining a metadata strategy as discussed in "Managing the Metadata for Oracle Communications Data Model"' and identifying the data modeling tools to use that support these standards.

- Determining the data retention policy.

- Designing a data access policy based on legal restrictions and data security rules.

- Designing a data backup strategy that aligns with the impact analysis to the business unit.

- Monitoring and reporting on data usage, activity, and alerts.

## Managing the Metadata for Oracle Communications Data Model

Metadata is any data about data and, as such, is an important aspect of the data warehouse environment. Metadata allows the end user and the business analyst to navigate through the possibilities without knowing the context of the data or what the data represents.

Metadata management is a comprehensive, ongoing process of overseeing and actively managing metadata in a central environment which helps an enterprise to identify how data is constructed, what data exists, and what the data means. It is particularly helpful to have good metadata management when customizing Oracle Communications Data Model so that you can do impact analysis to ensure that changes do not adversely impact data integrity anywhere in your data warehouse.

- Metadata Categories and Standards

- Working with a Metadata Repository

- Browsing the Metadata Repository Supplied With Oracle Communications Data Model

- Using Oracle Warehouse Builder with the Oracle Communications Data Model

### Metadata Categories and Standards

Metadata is organized into three major categories:

- Business metadata describes the meaning of data in a business sense. The business interpretation of data elements in the data warehouse is based on the actual table and column names in the database. Gather this mapping information and business definition and rules information into business metadata.

- Technical metadata represents the technical aspects of data, including attributes such as data types, lengths, lineage, results from data profiling, and so on

- Process execution metadata presents statistics on the results of running the ETL process itself, including measures such as rows loaded successfully, rows rejected, amount of time to load, and so on

Since metadata is so important in information management, many organizations attempt to standardize metadata at various levels, such as:

- Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS). A standard for encoding descriptive, administrative, and structural metadata regarding objects within a digital library.

- American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The organization that coordinates the U.S. voluntary standardization and conformity-assessment systems.

- International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The body that establishes, develops, and promotes standards for international exchange.

- Common Warehouse Metamodel (CWM). A specification, released and owned by the Object Management Group, for modeling metadata for relational, non-relational, multi-dimensional, and most other objects found in a data warehousing environment.

When you implement your metadata management solution, reference your data warehouse infrastructure environment and make the decision which standard to follow.

### Working with a Metadata Repository

You manage metadata using a Metadata Repository. At the highest level, a Metadata Repository includes three layers of information. The layers are defined in the following order:

1. A Physical layer. This metadata layer identifies the source data.

2. A Business Model and Mapping layer. This metadata layer organizes the physical layer into logical categories and records the appropriate metadata for access to the source data.

3. The Presentation layer. This metadata layer exposes the business model entities for end-user access.

The first step in creating a Metadata Repository is to scope your metadata management needs by:

- Identifying the metadata consumers. Typically, there are business consumers and technical consumers.

- Determine the business and technical metadata requirements.

- Aligning metadata requirements to specific data elements and logical data flows.

Then:

- Decide how important each part is.

- Assign responsibility to someone for each piece.

- Decide what constitutes a consistent and working set of metadata

- Where to store, backup, and recover the metadata.

- Ensure that each piece of metadata is available only to those people who need it.

- Quality-assure the metadata and ensure that it is complete and up to date.

- Identify the Metadata Repository to use and how to control that repository from one place

After creating the metadata definitions, review your data architecture to ensure you can acquire, integrate, and maintain the metadata.

As the data keeps on changing in your data warehouse day by day, update the Metadata Repository. When you want to change business rules, definitions, formulas or process (especially when customizing the Oracle Communications Data Model), your first step is to survey the metadata and do an impact analysis to list all of the attributes in the data warehouse environment that would be affected by a proposed change.

### Browsing the Metadata Repository Supplied With Oracle Communications Data Model

To customize the Oracle Communications Data Model model, you must understand the dependencies among Oracle Communications Data Model components -- especially how the report KPIs are mapped to the physical tables and columns.

Oracle Communications Data Model provides a tool called the "OCDM Metadata" browser that helps you discover these dependencies. When you install Oracle Communications Data Model with its sample reports, the metadata browser is delivered as a sample Dashboard in the webcat.

See:

Oracle Communications Data Model Installation Guide for more information on installing the sample reports and deploying the Oracle Communications Data Model RPD and webcat on the Business Intelligence Suite Enterprise Edition instance.

To browse the metadata repository:

1. In the browser, open the login page at `http://``servername``:9704/analytics` where `servername` is the server on which the webcat is installed.

2. Login with username of `ocdm`, and provide the password.

3. Select the Metadata Browser dashboard.

4. Use the tabs in the Metadata browser to explore the metadata:

   - Measure-Entity tab

     On the Measure-Entity tab you can see the business areas (relational, OLAP, mining), the measures description, corresponding formula, responsible entities, and attributes for the measure.

     To browse the data, select the business area and measure description that you are interested in.

   - Entity-Measure tab

     Using the Entity-Measure tab, you can discover the mappings between entities, attributes, supported measures, and calculations of the measures. You can discover information about particular entities and attributes.

     For example, you take the following steps to learn more about an entity:

     1. Select the entity.

     2. Click GO.

   - Program-Table tab

     Using the Program-Table tab you can browse for information on the intra-ETL mappings and report information. Take the following steps:

     1. Select the program type (that is, intra-ETL or report) and program name.

     2. Select GO.

   - Table-Program tab

     By default when you go to the Table-Program tab you see all of the tables used for all the reports.

     To discover what reports use a particular table, you must move a particular table from the right pane to the left (Selected) pane.

     For example, to see the reports that use the a particular table, take the following steps:

     1. In the right pane of the Table-Program tab, select the table.

     2. Move the table to the Selected list on the left by clicking on < (left arrow).

     3. Click OK.

     4. Select GO.

     The reports for the selected table are displayed.

### Using Oracle Warehouse Builder with the Oracle Communications Data Model

Oracle Warehouse Builder provides excellent metadata management features that you can use with Oracle Communications Data Model.

Before you import source metadata into Oracle Warehouse Builder, you create a module to contain metadata definitions. The type of module you create depends on the source from which you are importing metadata into your Metadata Repository. Oracle Warehouse Builder supports many different sources and targets as discussed in Oracle Warehouse Builder Sources and Targets Guide. For example, when connecting to an Oracle database, Oracle Warehouse Builder queries the database dictionary to extract all needed metadata on tables, views, sequences, dimensions, cubes, data types, PL/SQL packages, and so on.

Oracle Warehouse Builder also provides an interface tool called the Metadata Dependency Manager through which you can explore dependencies among data objects, as represented by the metadata in your Oracle Warehouse Builder repository. The Metadata Dependency Manager presents dependencies in the form of interactive lineage and impact diagrams. A lineage diagram traces the data flows for an object back to the sources and displays all objects along those paths. An impact diagram identifies all the objects that are derived from the selected object.

Information provided by the Metadata Dependency Manager can help you in many circumstances. For example:

1. Starting from a target object, such as a dimension, cube, or business intelligence tool report, you can identify the columns in each data source that are used in computing the results in the target.

2. You can assess the impact of design changes in an object such as a source table or a pluggable mapping that is used throughout a project.

3. You can propagate a design change, such as a change to the data type of a source table column, to downstream objects in the design.

Using end-to-end data lineage and impact analysis reduces project risk by allowing better planning for design changes, faster identification of unanticipated impacts when source systems change, and enabling more effective auditing of your business intelligence results, master data or other data integration processes.

You can also define and use SQL- or XML-based custom metadata stores to retrieve definitions of source and target objects such as tables and views.

For data files extracted from some mainframe sources, Oracle Warehouse Builder can interpret Cobol Copybook files that describes the structure of the data file, and create its source metadata based on that.

Oracle Warehouse Builder application adapters or application connectors provide additional metadata about ERP and CRM application sources.

Oracle Warehouse Builder can deploy or execute process flows and schedules to Oracle Enterprise Manager and Oracle Workflow. In general, you can deploy a schedule in any Oracle Database location, release 10g or later.

## Performing Fit-Gap Analysis for Oracle Communications Data Model

Fit-gap analysis is where you compare your information needs and communications business requirements with the structure that is available with Oracle Communications Data Model. You identify any required functionality that is not included in the logical model and the default schema, as well as other modifications that are necessary to meet your requirements.

The result of your fit-gap analysis is a customization report which is a brief explanation of the adaptations and adjustments required to customize Oracle Communications Data Model to fit your communications environment.

The fit-gap analysis team writes the customization report by taking the following steps:

1. If you have performed previous evaluations, review the documentation from the previous phases, and if necessary add team members with the required business and technical expertise.

2. Review the data and map your logical entities and data structure with the Oracle Communications Data Model logical model and schema:

   - Starting from business requirements, questions, and rules, identify any entities and attributes that are not in the Oracle Communications Data Model.

   - Compare the Oracle Communications Data Model to your existing application model if have one.

   - Compare the Oracle Communications Data Model to the OLTP data that you are using as a data source to the Oracle Communications Data Model warehouse.

3. Determine the differences between your needs and Oracle Communications Data Model schema. To help you with this task, produce a list of actions people may take with the system (examples rather than models), and create use cases for appraising the functionality of the Oracle Communications Data Model Warehouse. Answer the following questions about the differences you find:

   - Which differences you can live with, and which must be reconciled?

   - What can you do about the differences you cannot live with?

4. Identify the changes you must make to the default design of Oracle Communications Data Model to create the customized warehouse. Identify these changes in the following order:

   1. Physical model. Follow the guidelines outlined in Chapter 2, "Physical Model Customization".

   2. ETL mapping. Follow the guidelines outlined in Chapter 4, "ETL Implementation and Customization" to identify and design the source-ETL that you must create and to identify and make any changes to the intra-ETL provided with Oracle Communications Data Model.

   Tip:

   When identifying changes, ensure that the changes meet your security and metadata requirements.

5. Write the customization report, detailing what changes are required to make the Oracle Communications Data Model match your business needs. This includes any additions and changes to interfaces to existing systems.

6. Based on the customization report, update the Project Plan and perform the steps outlined in "Steps for Implementing an Oracle Communications Data Model Warehouse".