QL_statement ::= select_statement | update_statement | delete_statement

select_statement ::= select_clause from_clause [where_clause] [groupby_clause] [having_clause] [orderby_clause]

update_statement ::= update_clause [where_clause]

delete_statement ::= delete_clause [where_clause]

from_clause ::= FROM identification_variable_declaration {, {identification_variable_declaration | collection_member_declaration}}*

identification_variable_declaration ::= range_variable_declaration { join | fetch_join }*

range_variable_declaration ::= abstract_schema_name [AS] identification_variable

join ::= join_spec join_association_path_expression [AS] identification_variable

fetch_join ::= join_spec FETCH join_association_path_expression

association_path_expression ::= collection_valued_path_expression | single_valued_association_path_expression

join_spec ::= [LEFT [OUTER]|INNER] JOIN

join_association_path_expression ::= join_collection_valued_path_expression | join_single_valued_association_path_expression

join_collection_valued_path_expression ::= identification_variable.collection_valued_association_field

join_single_valued_association_path_expression ::= identification_variable.single_valued_association_field

collection_member_declaration ::= IN (collection_valued_path_expression) [AS] identification_variable

single_valued_path_expression ::= state_field_path_expression | single_valued_association_path_expression

state_field_path_expression ::= {identification_variable | single_valued_association_path_expression}.state_field

single_valued_association_path_expression ::= identification_variable.{single_valued_association_field.}* single_valued_association_field

collection_valued_path_expression ::= identification_variable.{single_valued_association_field.}*collection_valued_association_field

state_field ::= {embedded_class_state_field.}*simple_state_field

update_clause ::= UPDATE abstract_schema_name [[AS] identification_variable] SET update_item {, update_item}*

update_item ::= [identification_variable.]{state_field | single_valued_association_field}= new_value

new_value ::= simple_arithmetic_expression | string_primary | datetime_primary | boolean_primary | enum_primary simple_entity_expression | NULL

delete_clause ::= DELETE FROM abstract_schema_name [[AS] identification_variable]

select_clause ::= SELECT [DISTINCT] select_expression {, select_expression}*

select_expression ::= single_valued_path_expression | aggregate_expression | identification_variable | OBJECT(identification_variable)| constructor_expression

constructor_expression ::= NEW constructor_name( constructor_item {, constructor_item}*)

constructor_item ::= single_valued_path_expression | aggregate_expression

aggregate_expression ::= {AVG |MAX |MIN |SUM}([DISTINCT] state_field_path_expression) | COUNT ([DISTINCT] identification_variable | state_field_path_expression | single_valued_association_path_expression)

where_clause ::= WHERE conditional_expression

groupby_clause ::= GROUP BY groupby_item {, groupby_item}*

groupby_item ::= single_valued_path_expression | identification_variable

having_clause ::= HAVING conditional_expression

orderby_clause ::= ORDER BY orderby_item {, orderby_item}*

orderby_item ::= state_field_path_expression [ASC |DESC ]

subquery ::= simple_select_clause subquery_from_clause [where_clause] [groupby_clause] [having_clause]

subquery_from_clause ::= FROM subselect_identification_variable_declaration {, subselect_identification_variable_declaration}*

subselect_identification_variable_declaration ::= identification_variable_declaration | association_path_expression [AS] identification_variable | collection_member_declaration

simple_select_clause ::= SELECT [DISTINCT] simple_select_expression

simple_select_expression ::= single_valued_path_expression | aggregate_expression | identification_variable

conditional_expression ::= conditional_term | conditional_expression OR conditional_term

conditional_term ::= conditional_factor | conditional_term AND conditional_factor

conditional_factor ::= [NOT ] conditional_primary

conditional_primary ::= simple_cond_expression |(conditional_expression)

simple_cond_expression ::= comparison_expression | between_expression | like_expression | in_expression | null_comparison_expression | empty_collection_comparison_expression | collection_member_expression | exists_expression

between_expression ::= arithmetic_expression [NOT] BETWEEN arithmetic_expression AND arithmetic_expression | string_expression [NOT] BETWEEN string_expression AND string_expression | datetime_expression [NOT] BETWEEN datetime_expression AND datetime_expression

in_expression ::= state_field_path_expression [NOT] IN( in_item {, in_item}* | subquery)

in_item ::= literal | input_parameter

like_expression ::= string_expression [NOT] LIKE pattern_value [ESCAPE escape_character]

null_comparison_expression ::= {single_valued_path_expression | input_parameter}IS [NOT] NULL

empty_collection_comparison_expression ::= collection_valued_path_expression IS [NOT] EMPTY

collection_member_expression ::= entity_expression [NOT] MEMBER [OF] collection_valued_path_expression

exists_expression ::= [NOT] EXISTS(subquery)

all_or_any_expression ::= {ALL |ANY |SOME}(subquery)

comparison_expression ::= string_expressioncomparison_operator{string_expression|all_or_any_expression}| boolean_expression {=|<>} {boolean_expression | all_or_any_expression} | enum_expression {=|<>} {enum_expression | all_or_any_expression} | datetime_expression comparison_operator {datetime_expression | all_or_any_expression} | entity_expression {= |<> } {entity_expression | all_or_any_expression} | arithmetic_expression comparison_operator {arithmetic_expression | all_or_any_expression}

comparison_operator ::== |> |>= |< |<= |<>

arithmetic_expression ::= simple_arithmetic_expression |(subquery)

simple_arithmetic_expression ::= arithmetic_term | simple_arithmetic_expression {+ |- } arithmetic_term

arithmetic_term ::= arithmetic_factor | arithmetic_term {* |/ } arithmetic_factor

arithmetic_factor ::= [{+ |-}] arithmetic_primary

arithmetic_primary ::= state_field_path_expression | numeric_literal | (simple_arithmetic_expression) | input_parameter | functions_returning_numerics | aggregate_expression

string_expression ::= string_primary |(subquery)

string_primary ::= state_field_path_expression | string_literal | input_parameter | functions_returning_strings | aggregate_expression

datetime_expression ::= datetime_primary |(subquery)

datetime_primary ::= state_field_path_expression | input_parameter | functions_returning_datetime | aggregate_expression

boolean_expression ::= boolean_primary |(subquery)

boolean_primary ::= state_field_path_expression | boolean_literal | input_parameter |

enum_expression ::= enum_primary |(subquery)

enum_primary ::= state_field_path_expression | enum_literal | input_parameter |

entity_expression ::= single_valued_association_path_expression | simple_entity_expression

simple_entity_expression ::= identification_variable | input_parameter

functions_returning_numerics ::= LENGTH(string_primary)| LOCATE(string_primary,string_primary [, simple_arithmetic_expression]) | ABS(simple_arithmetic_expression) | SQRT(simple_arithmetic_expression) | MOD(simple_arithmetic_expression, simple_arithmetic_expression) | SIZE(collection_valued_path_expression)

functions_returning_datetime ::= CURRENT_DATE| CURRENT_TIME | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP

functions_returning_strings ::= CONCAT(string_primary, string_primary) | SUBSTRING(string_primary, simple_arithmetic_expression,simple_arithmetic_expression)| TRIM([[trim_specification] [trim_character] FROM] string_primary) | LOWER(string_primary) | UPPER(string_primary)

trim_specification ::= LEADING | TRAILING | BOTH