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Oracle® Application Server PL/SQL Web Toolkit Reference 10g Release 3 (10.1.3) B25598-01 |
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# 1 The htp and htf Packages

The htp (hypertext procedures) and htf (hypertext functions) packages generate HTML tags. For instance, the htp.anchor procedure generates the HTML anchor tag, <A>. The following commands generate a simple HTML document:

    create or replace procedure hello AS
    BEGIN
        htp.htmlopen;           -- generates <HTML>
        htp.headopen;           -- generates <HEAD>
        htp.title('Hello');     -- generates <TITLE>Hello</TITLE>
        htp.headclose;          -- generates </HEAD>
        htp.bodyopen;           -- generates <BODY>
        htp.header(1, 'Hello'); -- generates <H1>Hello</H1>
        htp.bodyclose;          -- generates </BODY>
        htp.htmlclose;          -- generates </HTML>
    END;

For every htp procedure that generates HTML tags, there is a corresponding htf function with identical parameters. The function versions do not directly generate output in your web page. Instead, they pass their output as return values to the statements that invoked them. Use these functions when you need to nest calls. To look up htf functions, see the entry for the corresponding htp procedures.

To print the output of htf functions, call the functions from within the htp.print procedure. It then prints its parameters to the generated web page.

Note: If you use values of the LONG data type in procedures such as htp.print, htp.prn, htp.prints, htp.pa or owa_util.cellsprint, only the first 32 K of the LONG data is used. The LONG data is bound to a varchar2 data type in the procedure or function.

## 1.1 Summary

HTML, HEAD, and BODY Tags

htp.htmlOpen, htp.htmlClose - generate <HTML> and </HTML>

htp.headOpen, htp.headClose - generate <HEAD> and </HEAD>

htp.bodyOpen, htp.bodyClose - generate <BODY> and </BODY>

Comment Tag

htp.comment - generates <!-- and -->

Tags in the <HEAD> Area

htp.base - generates <BASE>

htp.linkRel - generates <LINK> with the REL attribute

htp.linkRev - generates <LINK> with the REV attribute

htp.title - generates <TITLE>

htp.meta - generates <META>

htp.script - generates <SCRIPT>

htp.style - generates <STYLE>

htp.isindex - generates <ISINDEX>

Applet Tags

htp.appletopen, htp.appletclose - generate <APPLET> and </APPLET>

htp.param - generates <PARAM>

List Tags

htp.olistOpen, htp.olistClose - generate <OL> and </OL>

htp.ulistOpen, htp.ulistClose - generate <UL> and </UL>

htp.dlistOpen, htp.dlistClose - generate <DL> and </DL>

htp.dlistTerm - generates <DT>

htp.dlistDef - generates <DD>

htp.dirlistOpen, htp.dirlistClose - generate <DIR> and </DIR>

htp.listHeader - generates <LH>

htp.listingOpen, htp.listingClose - generate <LISTING> and </LISTING>

htp.menulistOpen, htp.menulistClose - generate <MENU> and </MENU>

htp.listItem - generates <LI>

Form Tags

htp.formOpen, htp.formClose - generate <FORM> and </FORM>

htp.formCheckbox - generates <INPUT TYPE="CHECKBOX">

htp.formHidden - generates <INPUT TYPE="HIDDEN">

htp.formImage - generates <INPUT TYPE="IMAGE">

htp.formPassword - generates <INPUT TYPE="PASSWORD">

htp.formRadio - generates <INPUT TYPE="RADIO">

htp.formSelectOpen, htp.formSelectClose - generate <SELECT> and </SELECT>

htp.formSelectOption - generates <OPTION>

htp.formText - generates <INPUT TYPE="TEXT">

htp.formTextarea, htp.formTextarea2 - generate <TEXTAREA>

htp.formTextareaOpen, htp.formTextareaOpen2, htp.formTextareaClose - generate <TEXTAREA> and </TEXTAREA>

htp.formReset - generates <INPUT TYPE="RESET">

htp.formSubmit - generates <INPUT TYPE="SUBMIT">

Table Tags

htp.tableOpen, htp.tableClose - generate <TABLE> and </TABLE>

htp.tableCaption - generates <CAPTION>

htp.tableRowOpen, htp.tableRowClose - generate <TR> and </TR>

htp.tableHeader - generates <TH>

htp.tableData - generates <TD>

htf.format_cell - generates <TD>

IMG, HR, and A Tags

htp.line, htp.hr - generate <HR>

htp.img, htp.img2 - generate <IMG>

htp.anchor, htp.anchor2 - generates <A>

htp.mapOpen, htp.mapClose - generate <MAP> and </MAP>

Paragraph Formatting Tags

htp.header - generates heading tags (<H1> to <H6>)

htp.para, htp.paragraph - generate <P>

htp.print, htp.prn - generate any text that is passed in

htp.prints, htp.ps - generate any text that is passed in; special characters in HTML are escaped

htp.preOpen, htp.preClose - generate <PRE> and </PRE>

htp.blockquoteOpen, htp.blockquoteClose - generate <BLOCKQUOTE> and </BLOCKQUOTE>

htp.div - generates <DIV>

htp.nl, htp.br - generate <BR>

htp.nobr - generates <NOBR>

htp.wbr - generates <WBR>

htp.plaintext - generates <PLAINTEXT>

htp.address - generates <ADDRESS>

htp.mailto - generates <A> with the MAILTO attribute

htp.area - generates <AREA>

htp.bgsound - generates <BGSOUND>

Character Formatting Tags

htp.basefont - generates <BASEFONT>

htp.big - generates <BIG>

htp.bold - generates <B>

htp.center - generates <CENTER> and </CENTER>

htp.centerOpen, htp.centerClose - generate <CENTER> and </CENTER>

htp.cite - generates <CITE>

htp.code - generates <CODE>

htp.dfn - generates <DFN>

htp.get_download_files_list - generate <EM>

htp.fontOpen, htp.fontClose - generate <FONT> and </FONT>

htp.italic - generates <I>

htp.keyboard, htp.kbd - generate <KBD> and </KBD>

htp.s - generates <S>

htp.sample - generates <SAMP>

htp.small - generates <SMALL>

htp.strike - generates <STRIKE>

htp.strong - generates <STRONG>

htp.sub - generates <SUB>

htp.sup - generates <SUP>

htp.teletype - generates <TT>

htp.underline - generates <U>

htp.variable - generates <VAR>

Frame Tags

htp.frame - generates <FRAME>

htp.framesetOpen, htp.framesetClose - generate <FRAMESET> and </FRAMESET>

htp.noframesOpen, htp.noframesClose - generate <NOFRAMES> and </NOFRAMES>

## 1.2 htp.address

This generates the <ADDRESS> and </ADDRESS> tags, which specify the address, author and signature of a documen t.

Table 1-1 htp.address

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.address (
       cvalue         in       varchar2
       cnowrap        in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cclear         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT
    NULL);
    htf.address (cvalue, cnowrap, cclear, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | cvalue - the string that goes between the <ADDRESS> and </ADDRESS> tags. cnowrap - if the value for this parameter is not NULL, the NOWRAP attribute is included in the tag. cclear - the value for the CLEAR attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <ADDRESS CLEAR="cclear" NOWRAP cattributes>cvalue</ADDRESS>

## 1.3 htp.anchor, htp.anchor2

These generate the <A> and </A> HTML tags, which specify the source or destination of a hypertext link. This tag accepts several attributes, but either HREF or NAME is required. HREF specifies to where to link. NAME allows this tag to be a target of a hypertext link. The difference between these subprograms is that htp.anchor2 provides a target and therefore can be used for a frame.

Table 1-2 htp.anchor,htp.anchor2

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.anchor (
       curl           in       varchar2
       ctext          in       varchar2
       cname          in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.anchor (curl, ctext, cname, cattributes) return varchar2;

    htp.anchor2 (
       curl           in       varchar2
       ctext          in       varchar2
       cname          in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       ctarget        in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.anchor2 (curl, ctext, cname, ctarget, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | curl - the value for the HREF attribute. ctext - the string that goes between the <A> and </A> tags. cname - the value for the NAME attribute. ctarget - the value for the TARGET attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <A HREF="curl" NAME="cname" cattributes>ctext</A> <A HREF="curl" NAME="cname" TARGET = "ctarget" cattributes>ctext</A>

## 1.4 htp.appletopen, htp.appletclose

htp.appletopen generates the <APPLET> HTML tag, which begins the invocation of a Java applet. Close the applet invocation with htp.appletclose, which generates the </APPLET> HTML tag.

Specify parameters to the Java applet using the htp.param procedure.

Use the cattributes parameter to specify the CODEBASE attribute since the PL/SQL cartridge does not know where to find the class files. The CODEBASE attribute specifies the virtual path containing the class files.

Table 1-3 htp.appleton, htp.appletclose

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.appletopen(
       ccode          in       varchar2
       cheight        in       number
       cwidth         in       number
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.appletopen(ccode, cheight, cwidth, cattributes) return varchar2;

    htp.appletclose;
    htf.appletclose return varchar2;
Parameters: | ccode - the value for the CODE attribute, which specifies the name of the applet class. cheight - the value for the HEIGHT attribute. cwidth - the value for the WIDTH attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <APPLET CODE=ccode HEIGHT=cheight WIDTH=cwidth cattributes> </APPLET>
Example: |
    htp.appletopen('testclass.class', 100, 200, 'CODEBASE="/ows-applets"')
    generates

    <APPLET CODE="testclass.class" height=100 width=200 CODEBASE="/ows-applets">

## 1.5 htp.area

This generates the <AREA> HTML tag, which defines a client-side image map. The <AREA> tag defines areas within the image and destinations for the areas.

Table 1-4 htp.area

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.area(
       ccoords        in       varchar2
       cshape         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       chref          in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cnohref        in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       ctarget        in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.area(ccoords, cshape, chref, cnohref, ctarget, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | ccoords - the value for the COORDS attribute. cshape - the value for the SHAPE attribute. chref - the value for the HREF attribute. cnohref - if the value for this parameter is not NULL, the NOHREF attribute is added to the tag. ctarget - the value for the TARGET attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <AREA COORDS="ccoords" SHAPE="cshape" HREF="chref" NOHREF TARGET="ctarget" cattributes>

## 1.6 htp.base

This generates the <BASE> HTML tag, which records the URL of the document.

Table 1-5 htp.base

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.base(
       ctarget        in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.base(ctarget, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | ctarget - the value for the TARGET attribute, which establishes a window name to which all links in this document are targeted. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <BASE HREF="<current URL>" TARGET="ctarget" cattributes>

## 1.7 htp.basefont

This generates the <BASEFONT> HTML tag, which specifies the base font size for a Web page.

Table 1-6 htp.basefont

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.basefont(nsize in integer);
    htf.basefont(nsize) return varchar2;
Parameters: | nsize - the value for the SIZE attribute.
Generates: | <BASEFONT SIZE="nsize">

## 1.8 htp.bgsound

This generates the <BGSOUND> HTML tag, which includes audio for a Web page.

Table 1-7 htp.bgsound

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.bgsound(
       csrc           in       varchar2
       cloop          in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.bgsound(csrc, cloop, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | csrc - the value for the SRC attribute. cloop - the value for the LOOP attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <BGSOUND SRC="csrc" LOOP="cloop" cattributes>

## 1.9 htp.big

This generates the <BIG> and </BIG> tags, which direct the browser to render the text in a bigger font.

Table 1-8 htp.big

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.big(
       ctext          in       varchar2
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.big(ctext, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | ctext - the text that goes between the tags. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <BIG cattributes>ctext</BIG>

## 1.10 htp.blockquoteOpen, htp.blockquoteClose

This generates the <BLOCKQUOTE> and </BLOCKQUOTE> tag, which mark a section of quoted text.

Table 1-9 htp.blockquoteOpen, htp.blockquoteClose

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.blockquoteOpen (
       cnowrap        in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cclear         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.blockquoteOpen (cnowrap, cclear, cattributes) return varchar2;

    htp.blockquoteClose;
    htf.blockquoteClose return varchar2;
Parameters: | cnowrap - if the value for this parameter is not NULL, the NOWRAP attribute is added to the tag. cclear - the value for the CLEAR attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <BLOCKQUOTE CLEAR="cclear" NOWRAP cattributes> </BLOCKQUOTE>

## 1.11 htp.bodyOpen, htp.bodyClose

This generates the <BODY> and </BODY> tags, which mark the body section of an HTML document.

Table 1-10 htp.bodyOpen, htp.bodyClose

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.bodyOpen(
       cbackground    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.bodyOpen(cbackground, cattributes) return varchar2;

    htp.bodyClose;
    htf.bodyClose return varchar2;
Parameters: | cbackground - the value for the BACKGROUND attribute, which specifies a graphic file to use for the background of the document. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <BODY background="cbackground" cattributes> </BODY>
Example: |
    htp.bodyOpen('/img/background.gif');
    generates:
    <BODY background="/img/background.gif">

## 1.12 htp.bold

This generates the <B> and </B> tags, which direct the browser to display the text in boldface.

Table 1-11 htp.bold

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.bold (
       ctext          in       varchar2
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.bold (ctext, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | ctext - the text that goes between the tags. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <B cattributes>ctext</B>

## 1.13 htp.center

This generates the <CENTER> and </CENTER> tags, which center a section of text within a Web page.

Table 1-12 htp.center

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.center(ctext in varchar2);
    htf.center(ctext in varchar2) return varchar2;
Parameters: | ctext - the text to center.
Generates: | <CENTER>ctext</CENTER>

## 1.14 htp.centerOpen, htp.centerClose

This generates the <CENTER> and </CENTER> tags, which mark the section of text to center.

Table 1-13 htp.centerOpen, htp.centerClose

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.centerOpen;
    htf.centerOpen return varchar2;

    htp.centerClose;
    htf.centerClose return varchar2;
Parameters: | None
Generates: | <CENTER> </CENTER>

## 1.15 htp.cite

This generates the <CITE> and </CITE> tags, which direct the browser to render the text as citation.

Table 1-14 htp.cite

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.cite (
       ctext          in       varchar2
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.cite (ctext, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | ctext - the text to render as citation. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <CITE cattributes>ctext</CITE>

## 1.16 htp.code

This generates the <CODE> and </CODE> tags, which direct the browser to render the text in monospace font.

Table 1-15 htp.code

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.code (
       ctext          in        varchar2
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.code (ctext, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | ctext - the text to render as code. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <CODE cattributes>ctext</CODE>

## 1.17 htp.comment

This generates the comment tags.

Table 1-16 htp.comment

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.comment (ctext in varchar2);
    htf.comment (ctext in varchar2) return varchar2;
Parameters: | ctext - the comment.
Generates: | <!-- ctext -->

## 1.18 htp.dfn

This generates the <DFN> and </DFN> tags, which direct the browser to render the text in italics.

Table 1-17 htp.dfn

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.dfn(ctext in varchar2);
    htf.dfn(ctext in varchar2) return varchar2;
Parameters: | ctext - the text to render in italics.
Generates: | <DFN>ctext</DFN>

## 1.19 htp.dirlistOpen, htp.dirlistClose

This generates the <DIR> and </DIR> tags, which create a directory list section. A directory list presents a list of items that contains up to 20 characters. Items in this list are typically arranged in columns, 24 characters wide. The <LI> tag or must appear directly after this tag to define the items in the list.

Table 1-18 htp.dirlistOpen, htp.dirlistClose

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.dirlistOpen;
    htf.dirlistOpen return varchar2;

    htp.dirlistClose;
    htf.dirlistClose return varchar2;
Parameters: | None
Generates: | <DIR> </DIR>

## 1.20 htp.div

This generates the <DIV> tag, which creates document divisions.

Table 1-19 htp.div

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.div(
       calign         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.div(calign, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | calign - the value for the ALIGN attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <DIV ALIGN="calign" cattributes>

## 1.21 htp.dlistOpen, htp.dlistClose

This generates the <DL> and </DL> tags, which create a definition list. A definition list looks like a glossary: it contains terms and definitions. Terms are inserted using htp.dlistTerm, and definitions are inserted using htp.dlistDef.

Table 1-20 htp.dlistOpen, htp.dlistClose

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.dlistOpen (
       cclear         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.dlistOpen (cclear, cattributes) return varchar2;

    htp.dlistClose;
    htf.dlistClose return varchar2;
Parameters: | cclear - the value for the CLEAR attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <DL CLEAR="cclear" cattributes> </DL>

## 1.22 htp.dlistDef

This generates the <DD> tag, which inserts definitions of terms. Use this tag for a definition list <DL>. Terms are tagged <DT> and definitions are tagged <DD>.

Table 1-21 htp.dlistDef

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.dlistDef(
       ctext          in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cclear         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.dlistDef(ctext, cclear, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | ctext - the definition for the term. cclear - the value for the CLEAR attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <DD CLEAR="cclear" cattributes>ctext

## 1.23 htp.dlistTerm

This generates the <DT> tag, which defines a term in a definition list <DL>.

Table 1-22 htp.dlistTerm

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.dlistTerm (
       ctext          in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cclear         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.dlistTerm (ctext, cclear, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | ctext - the term. cclear - the value for the CLEAR attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <DT CLEAR="cclear" cattributes>ctext

## 1.24 htp.download_file

After uploading files to the database, you can download them, delete them from the database, and read and write their attributes.

Table 1-23 htp.download_file

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.download_file(
        sFileName  in  varchar2
        bCompress  in  boolean  DEFAULT FALSE);
Parameters: | sFileName - file to be downloaded. bCompress - to compress file or not.
Generates: | The downloaded file.

## 1.25 htp.get_download_files_list

After you have downloaded files to the database, you need to get the files.

Table 1-24 htp.get_download_files_list

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.get_download_files_list(
        sFileName  out varchar2
        bCompress  out binary_integer);
Parameters: | sFileName - file to get. bCompress - to compress file or not.
Generates: | The downloaded file.

## 1.26 htp.emphasis, htp.em

This generates the <EM> and </EM> tags, which define text to be emphasized.

Table 1-25 htp.emphasis, htp.em

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.em (
       ctext          in       varchar2
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.em (ctext, cattributes) return varchar2;

    htp.emphasis (
       ctext          in       varchar2
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.emphasis (ctext, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | ctext - the text to emphasize. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <EM cattributes>ctext</EM>

## 1.27 htf.escape_sc

This replaces characters that have special meaning in HTML with their escape sequences. The following characters are converted:

  & to &amp;
  " to &quot:
  < to &lt;
  > to &gt;

The procedure version of this subprogram does the same thing as htp.prints and htp.ps.

Table 1-26 htf.escape_sc

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htf.escape_sc(ctext in varchar2) return varchar2;
    htp.escape_sc(ctext in varchar2);
Parameters: | ctext - the string to convert.
Generates: | The converted string.

## 1.28 htf.escape_url

This replaces characters that have special meaning in HTML and HTTP with their escape sequences. The following characters are converted:

  & to &amp;
  " to &quot;
  < to &lt;
  > to &gt;
  % to %25

Table 1-27 htf.escape_url

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htf.escape_url(p_url in varchar2) return varchar2;
Parameters: | p_url - the string to convert.
Generates: | The converted string.

Note: This procedure is provided for backward compatibility reasons only. It does not comply with the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Request for Comments (RFC) standards of URL encoding. If you need to encode URLs, it is recommended that you use the function `utl_url.escape()` that is available in the PL/SQL packages supplied with the Oracle Database.

## 1.29 htp.fontOpen, htp.fontClose

This generates the <FONT> and </FONT> tags, which mark a section of text with the specified font characteristics.

Table 1-28 htp.fontOpen,htp.fontClose

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.fontOpen(
       ccolor         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cface          in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       csize          in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.fontOpen(ccolor, cface, csize, cattributes) return varchar2;

    htp.fontClose;
    htf.fontClose return varchar2;
Parameters: | ccolor - the value for the COLOR attribute. cface - the value for the FACE attribute. csize - the value for the SIZE attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <FONT COLOR="ccolor" FACE="cface" SIZE="csize" cattributes> </FONT>

## 1.30 htf.format_cell

This formats column values inside an HTML table using htf.tableData. It allows better control over the HTML tables.

Table 1-29 htf.format_cell

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htf.format_cell (
       columnValue          in       varchar2
       format_numbers       in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL) return varchar2;
Parameters: | columnValue - the value that needs to be formatted in an HTML table. format_numbers - the format that numeric data is displayed in. If the value of this parameter is not Null, number fields are right-justified and rounded to two decimal places.
Generates: | <TD>columnValue</TD>

## 1.31 htp.formCheckbox

This generates the <INPUT> tag with TYPE="checkbox", which inserts a checkbox element in a form. A checkbox element is a button that the user toggles on or off.

Table 1-30 htp.formCheckbox

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.formCheckbox (
       cname          in       varchar2
       cvalue         in       varchar2   DEFAULT 'on'
       cchecked       in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.formCheckbox (cname, cvalue, cchecked, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | cname - the value for the NAME attribute. cvalue - the value for the VALUE attribute. cchecked - if the value for this parameter is not NULL, the CHECKED attribute is added to the tag. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <INPUT TYPE="checkbox" NAME="cname" VALUE="cvalue" CHECKED cattributes>

## 1.32 htp.formOpen, htp.formClose

This generates the <FORM> and </FORM> tags, which create a form section in an HTML document.

Table 1-31 htp.formOpen, htp.formClose

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.formOpen (
       curl           in       varchar2
       cmethod        in       varchar2   DEFAULT 'POST'
       ctarget        in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cenctype       in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.formOpen (curl, cmethod, ctarget, cenctype, cattributes) return varchar2;

    htp.formClose;
    htf.formClose return varchar2;
Parameters: | curl - the URL of the WRB or CGI script where the contents of the form is sent. This parameter is required. cmethod - the value for the METHOD attribute. The value can be "GET" or "POST". ctarget - the value for the TARGET attribute. cenctype - the value for the ENCTYPE attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <FORM ACTION="curl" METHOD="cmethod" TARGET="ctarget" ENCTYPE="cenctype" cattributes> </FORM>

## 1.33 htp.formFile

This generates the <INPUT> tag with TYPE="file", which allows the user to select files so that their contents may be submitted with a form.

Table 1-32 htp.formFile

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    function formFile(
       cname          in       varchar2
       caccept        in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.formFile (cname, caccept, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | cname - the value for the NAME attribute. caccept - a comma seperated list of MIME types for upload cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <INPUT TYPE="file" NAME="cname" ACCEPT="caccept" cattributes>

## 1.34 htp.formHidden

This generates the <INPUT> tag with TYPE="hidden", which inserts a hidden form element. This element is not seen by the user. It submits additional values to the script.

Table 1-33 htp.formHidden

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.formHidden (
       cname          in       varchar2
       cvalue         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.formHidden (cname, cvalue, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | cname - the value for the NAME attribute. cvalue - the value for the VALUE attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <INPUT TYPE="hidden" NAME="cname" VALUE="cvalue" cattributes>

## 1.35 htp.formImage

This generates the <INPUT> tag with TYPE="image", which creates an image field that the user clicks to submit the form immediately. The coordinates of the selected point are measured in pixels, and returned (along with other contents of the form) in two name/value pairs. The x coordinate is submitted under the name of the field with .x appended, and the y coordinate with .y appended. Any VALUE attribute is ignored.

Table 1-34 htp.formImage

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.formImage (
       cname          in       varchar2
       csrc           in       varchar2
       calign         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.formImage (cname, csrc, calign, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | cname - the VALUE for the NAME attribute. csrc - the value for the SRC attribute, which specifies the image file. calign - the value for the ALIGN attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <INPUT TYPE="image" NAME="cname" SRC="csrc" ALIGN="calign" cattributes>

## 1.36 htp.formPassword

This generates the <INPUT> tag with TYPE="password", which creates a single-line text entry field. When the user enters text in the field, each character is represented by one asterisk. This is used for entering passwords.

Table 1-35 htp.formPassword

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.formPassword (
       cname          in       varchar2
       csize          in       varchar2
       cmaxlength     in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cvalue         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.formPassword (cname, csize, cmaxlength, cvalue, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | cname - the value for the NAME attribute. csize - the value for the SIZE attribute. cmaxlength - the value for the MAXLENGTH attribute. cvalue - the value for the VALUE attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <INPUT TYPE="password" NAME="cname" SIZE="csize" MAXLENGTH="cmaxlength" VALUE="cvalue" cattributes>

## 1.37 htp.formRadio

This generates the <INPUT> tag with TYPE="radio", which creates a radio button on the HTML form. Within a set of radio buttons, the user selects only one. Each radio button in the same set has the same name, but different values. The selected radio button generates a name/value pair.

Table 1-36 htp.formRadio

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.formRadio (
       cname          in       varchar2
       cvalue         in       varchar2
       cchecked       in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.formRadio (cname, cvalue, cchecked, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | cname - the value for the NAME attribute. cvalue - the value for the VALUE attribute. cchecked - if the value for this parameter is not NULL, the CHECKED attribute is added to the tag. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="cname" VALUE="cvalue" CHECKED cattributes>

## 1.38 htp.formReset

This generates the <INPUT> tag with TYPE="reset", which creates a button that, when selected, resets the form fields to their initial values.

Table 1-37 htp.formReset

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.formReset (
       cvalue         in       varchar2   DEFAULT 'Reset'
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.formReset (cvalue, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | cvalue - the value for the VALUE attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <INPUT TYPE="reset" VALUE="cvalue" cattributes>

## 1.39 htp.formSelectOpen, htp.formSelectClose

This generates the <SELECT> and </SELECT> tags, which creates a Select form element. A Select form element is a listbox where the user selects one or more values. The values are inserted using htp.formSelectOption.

Table 1-38 htp.formSelectOpen,htp.formSelectClose

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.formSelectOpen (
       cname          in       varchar2
       cprompt        in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       nsize          in       integer    DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.formSelectOpen (cname, cprompt, nsize, cattributes) return varchar2;

    htp.formSelectClose;
    htf.formSelectClose return varchar2;
Parameters: | cname - the value for the NAME attribute. cprompt - the string preceding the list box. nsize - the value for the SIZE attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | cprompt <SELECT NAME="cname" SIZE="nsize" cattributes> </SELECT>
Example: |
    htp.formSelectOpen('greatest_player',
        'Pick the greatest player:');
    htp.formSelectOption('Messier');
    htp.formSelectOption('Howe');
    htp.formSelectOption('Gretzky');.
    htp.formSelectClose;

    Generates:
    Pick the greatest player:
    <SELECT NAME="greatest_player">
    <OPTION>Messier
    <OPTION>Howe
    <OPTION>Gretzky
    </SELECT>

## 1.40 htp.formSelectOption

This generates the <OPTION> tag, which represents one choice in a Select element.

Table 1-39 htp.formSelectOption

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.formSelectOption (
       cvalue         in       varchar2
       cselected      in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.formSelectOption (cvalue, cselected, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | cvalue - the text for the option. cselected - if the value for this parameter is not NULL, the SELECTED attribute is added to the tag. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <OPTION SELECTED cattributes>cvalue
Example: | See htp.formSelectOpen, htp.formSelectClose

## 1.41 htp.formSubmit

This generates the <INPUT> tag with TYPE="submit", which creates a button that, when clicked, submits the form.

If the button has a NAME attribute, the button contributes a name/value pair to the submitted data.

Table 1-40 htp.formSubmit

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.formSubmit (
       cname          in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cvalue        in       varchar2   DEFAULT 'Submit'
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.formSubmit (cname, cvalue, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | cname - the value for the NAME attribute. cvalue - the value for the VALUE attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <INPUT TYPE="submit" NAME="cname" VALUE="cvalue" cattributes>

## 1.42 htp.formText

This generates the <INPUT> tag with TYPE="text", which creates a field for a single line of text.

Table 1-41 htp.formText

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.formText (
       cname          in       varchar2
       csize          in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cmaxlength    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cvalue         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.formText (cname, csize, cmaxlength, cvalue, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | cname - the value for the NAME attribute. csize - the value for the SIZE attribute. cmaxlength - the value for the MAXLENGTH attribute. cvalue - the value for the VALUE attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="cname" SIZE="csize" MAXLENGTH="cmaxlength" VALUE="cvalue" cattributes>

## 1.43 htp.formTextarea, htp.formTextarea2

This generates the <TEXTAREA> tag, which creates a text field that has no predefined text in the text area. This field enables entering several lines of text.

The difference between these subprograms is that htp.formTextarea2 has the cwrap parameter, which specifies a wrap style.

Table 1-42 htp.formTextarea, htp.formTextarea2

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.formTextarea (
       cname          in       varchar2
       nrows          in       integer
       ncolumns       in       integer
       calign       in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.formTextarea (cname, nrows, ncolumns, calign, cattributes) return varchar2;

    htp.formTextarea2 (
       cname          in       varchar2
       nrows          in       integer
       ncolumns       in       integer
       calign         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cwrap          in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes  in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.formTextarea2 (cname, nrows, ncolumns, calign, cwrap, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | cname - the value for the NAME attribute. nrows - the value for the ROWS attribute. This is an integer. ncolumns - the value for the COLS attribute. This is an integer. calign - the value for the ALIGN attribute. cwrap - the value for the WRAP attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <TEXTAREA NAME="cname" ROWS="nrows" COLS="ncolumns" ALIGN="calign" cattributes></TEXTAREA> <TEXTAREA NAME="cname" ROWS="nrows" COLS="ncolumns" ALIGN="calign" WRAP="cwrap" cattributes></TEXTAREA>

## 1.44 htp.formTextareaOpen, htp.formTextareaOpen2, htp.formTextareaClose

This generates the <TEXTAREA> and </TEXTAREA> tags, which creates a text area form element The difference between the two open subprograms is that htp.formTextareaOpen2 has the cwrap parameter, which specifies a wrap style.

Table 1-43 htp.formTextareaOpen, htp.formTextareaOpen2, htp.formTextareaClose

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.formTextareaOpen (
       cname          in       varchar2
       nrows          in       integer
       ncolumns       in       integer
       calign         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.formTextareaOpen (cname, nrows, ncolumns, calign, cattributes) return varchar2;

    htp.formTextareaOpen2(
       cname          in       varchar2
       nrows          in       integer
       ncolumns       in       integer
       calign         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cwrap          in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.formTextareaOpen2(cname, nrows, ncolumns, calign, cwrap, cattributes) return varchar2;

    htp.formTextareaClose;
    htf.formTextareaClose return varchar2;
Parameters: | cname - the value for the NAME attribute. nrows - the value for the ROWS attribute. This is an integer. ncolumns - the value for the COLS attribute. This is an integer. calign - the value for the ALIGN attribute. cwrap - the value for the WRAP attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <TEXTAREA NAME="cname" ROWS="nrows" COLS="ncolumns" ALIGN="calign" cattributes> <TEXTAREA NAME="cname" ROWS="nrows" COLS="ncolumns" ALIGN="calign" WRAP = "cwrap" cattributes> </TEXTAREA>

## 1.45 htp.frame

This generates the <FRAME> tag, which defines the characteristics of a frame created by a <FRAMESET> tag.

Table 1-44 htp.frame

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.frame(
       csrc           in       varchar2
       cname          in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cmarginwidth   in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cmarginheight  in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cscrolling     in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cnoresize      in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.frame(csrc, cname, cmarginwidth, cmarginheight, cscrolling, cnoresize, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | csrc - the URL to display in the frame. cname - the value for the NAME attribute. cmarginwidth - the value for the MARGINWIDTH attribute. cmarginheight - the value for the MARGINHEIGHT attribute. cscrolling - the value for the SCROLLING attribute. noresize - if the value for this parameter is not NULL, the NORESIZE attribute is added to the tag. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <FRAME SRC="csrc" NAME="cname" MARGINWIDTH="cmarginwidth" MARGINHEIGHT="cmarginheight" SCROLLING="cscrolling" NORESIZE cattributes>

## 1.46 htp.framesetOpen, htp.framesetClose

This generates the <FRAMESET> and </FRAMESET> tags, which define a frameset section.

Table 1-45 htp.framesetOpen, htp.framesetClose

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.framesetOpen(
       crows          in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       ccols          in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.framesetOpen(crows, ccols, cattributes) return varchar2;

    htp.framesetClose;
    htf.framesetClose return varchar2;
Parameters: | crows - the value for the ROWS attribute. ccols - the value for the COLS attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <FRAMESET ROWS="crows" COLS="ccols" cattributes> </FRAMESET>

## 1.47 htp.headOpen, htp.headClose

This generates the <HEAD> and </HEAD> tags, which mark the HTML document head section

Table 1-46 htp.headOpen, htp.headClose

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.headOpen;
    htf.headOpen return varchar2;

    htp.headClose;
    htf.headClose return varchar2;
Parameters: | None
Generates: | <HEAD> </HEAD>

## 1.48 htp.header

This generates opening heading tags (<H1> to <H6>) and their corresponding closing tags (</H1> to </H6>).

Table 1-47 htp.header

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: | htp.header ( nsize in integer cheader in varchar2 calign in varchar2 DEFAULT NULL cnowrap in varchar2 DEFAULT NULL cclear in varchar2 DEFAULT NULL cattributes in varchar2 DEFAULT NULL); htf.header (nsize, cheader, calign, cnowrap, cclear, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | nsize - the heading level. This is an integer between 1 and 6.
| calign - the value for the ALIGN attribute. cheader - the text to display in the heading. cnowrap - the value for the NOWRAP attribute. cclear - the value for the CLEAR attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <Hnsize ALIGN="calign" NOWRAP CLEAR="cclear" cattributes>cheader</Hnsize>
Example: | htp.header (1,'Overview'); produces: <H1>Overview</H1>

## 1.49 htp.htmlOpen, htp.htmlClose

This generates the <HTML> and </HTML> tags, which mark the beginning and the end of an HTML document.

Table 1-48 htp.htmlOpen, htp.htmlClose

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.htmlOpen;
    htf.htmlOpen return varchar2;

    htp.htmlClose;
    htf.htmlClose return varchar2;
Parameters: | None.
Generates: | <HTML> </HTML>

## 1.50 htp.img, htp.img2

This generates the <IMG> tag, which directs the browser to load an image onto the HTML page. The difference between these subprograms is that htp.img2 uses the cusemap parameter.

Table 1-49 htp.img, htp.img2

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.img (
       curl           in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       calign         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       calt           in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cismap         in       varchar2  DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.img (curl, calign, calt, cismap, cattributes) return varchar2;

    htp.img2(
       curl           in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       calign         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       calt           in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cismap         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cusemap        in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.img2(curl, calign, calt, cismap, cusemap, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | curl - the value for the SRC attribute. calign - the value for the ALIGN attribute. calt - the value for the ALT attribute, which specifies alternative text to display if the browser does not support images. cismap - if the value for this parameter is not NULL, the ISMAP attribute is added to the tag. The attribute indicates that the image is an imagemap. cusemap - the value for the USEMAP attribute, which specifies a client-side image map. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <IMG SRC="curl" ALIGN="calign" ALT="calt" ISMAP cattributes> <IMG SRC="curl" ALIGN="calign" ALT="calt" ISMAP USEMAP="cusemap" cattributes>

## 1.51 htp.isindex

This creates a single entry field with a prompting text, such as "enter value," then sends that value to the URL of the page or program.

Table 1-50 htp.isindex

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.isindex (
       cprompt        in       varchar2    DEFAULT NULL
       curl           in       varchar2    DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.isindex (cprompt, curl) return varchar2;
Parameters: | cprompt - the value for the PROMPT attribute. curl - the value for the HREF attribute.
Generates: | `<ISINDEX PROMPT="`cprompt`" HREF="`curl`">`

## 1.52 htp.italic

This generates the <I> and </I> tags, which direct the browser to render the text in italics.

Table 1-51 htp.italic

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax |
    htp.italic (
       ctext          in       varchar2
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.italic (ctext, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters | ctext - the text to be rendered in italics. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates | <I cattributes>ctext</I>

## 1.53 htp.keyboard, htp.kbd

This generates the <KBD> and </KBD> tags, which direct the browser to render the text in monospace. These subprograms do the same thing.

Table 1-52 htp.keyboard, htp.kbd

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.keyboard (
       ctext          in       varchar2
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.keyboard (ctext, cattributes) return varchar2;

    htp.kbd (
       ctext          in       varchar2
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.kbd (ctext, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | ctext - the text to render in monospace. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <KBD cattributes>ctext</KBD>

## 1.54 htp.line, htp.hr

This generates the <HR> tag, which generates a line in the HTML document.

Table 1-53 htp.line, htp.hr

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Purpose | Generates the <HR> tag, which generates a line in the HTML document.
Syntax |
    htp.line (
       cclear         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       csrc           in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.line (cclear, csrc, cattributes) return varchar2;

    htp.hr (
       cclear         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       csrc           in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.hr (cclear, csrc, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters | cclear - the value for the CLEAR attribute. csrc - the value for the SRC attribute, which specifies a custom image as the source of the line. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates | <HR CLEAR="cclear" SRC="csrc" cattributes>

## 1.55 htp.linkRel

This generates the <LINK> tag with the REL attribute, which gives the relationship described by the hypertext link from the anchor to the target. This is only used when the HREF attribute is present. This tag indicates a relationship between documents, but does not create a link. To create a link, use htp.anchor, htp.anchor2.

Table 1-54 htp.linkRel

Properties | Directions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.linkRel (
       crel           in       varchar2
       curl           in       varchar2
       ctitle         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.linkRel (crel, curl, ctitle) return varchar2;
Parameters: | crel - the value for the REL attribute. curl - the value for the HREF attribute. ctitle - the value for the TITLE attribute.
Generates: | <LINK REL="crel" HREF="curl" TITLE="ctitle">

## 1.56 htp.linkRev

This generates the <LINK> tag with the REV attribute, which gives the relationship described by the hypertext link from the target to the anchor. This is the opposite of htp.linkRel. This tag indicates a relationship between documents, but does not create a link. To create a link, use htp.anchor, htp.anchor2.

Table 1-55 htp.linkRev

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.linkRev (
       crev           in       varchar2
       curl           in       varchar2
       ctitle         in    varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.linkRev (crev, curl, ctitle) return varchar2;
Parameters: | crev - the value for the REV attribute. curl - the value for the HREF attribute ctitle - the value for the TITLE attribute.
Generates | <LINK REV="crev" HREF="curl" TITLE="ctitle">

## 1.57 htp.listHeader

This generates the <LH> and </LH> tags, which print an HTML tag at the beginning of the list.

Table 1-56 htp.listHeader

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.listHeader (
       ctext          in       varchar2
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.listHeader (ctext, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | ctext - the text to place between <LH> and </LH>. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <LH cattributes>ctext</LH>

## 1.58 htp.listingOpen, htp.listingClose

This generates the <LISTING> and </LISTING> tags, which mark a section of fixed-width text in the body of an HTML page.

Table 1-57 htp.listingOpen, htp.listingClose

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.listingOpen;
    htf.listingOpen return varchar2;

    htp.listingClose;
    htf.listingClose return varchar2;
Parameters: | None.
Generates: | <LISTING> </LISTING>

## 1.59 htp.listItem

This generates the <LI> tag, which indicates a list item.

Table 1-58 htp.listltem

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.listItem (
       ctext          in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cclear         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cdingbat       in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       csrc           in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.listItem (ctext, cclear, cdingbat, csrc, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | ctext - the text for the list item. cclear - the value for the CLEAR attribute. cdingbat - the value for the DINGBAT attribute. csrc - the value for the SRC attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <LI CLEAR="cclear" DINGBAT="cdingbat" SRC="csrc" cattributes>ctext

## 1.60 htp.mailto

This generates the <A> tag with the HREF set to 'mailto' prepended to the mail address argument.

Table 1-59 htp.mailto

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.mailto (
       caddress       in       varchar2
       ctext          in    varchar2
       cname          in       varchar2
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.mailto (caddress, ctext, cname, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | caddress - the email address of the recipient. ctext - the clickable portion of the link. cname - the value for the NAME attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <A HREF="mailto:caddress" NAME="cname" cattributes>ctext</A>
Example: | htp.mailto('pres@white_house.gov','Send Email to the President'); generates: <A HREF="mailto:pres@white_house.gov">Send Email to the President</A>

## 1.61 htp.mapOpen, htp.mapClose

This generates the <MAP> and </MAP> tags, which mark a set of regions in a client-side image map.

Table 1-60 htp.mapOpen, htp.mapClose

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.mapOpen(
       cname          in       varchar2
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.mapOpen(cname, cattributes) return varchar2;
    htp.mapClose;
    htf.mapClose return varchar2;
Parameters: | cname - the value for the NAME attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag
Generates: | <MAP NAME="cname" cattributes> </MAP>

## 1.62 htp.menulistOpen, htp.menulistClose

This generates the <MENU> and </MENU> tags, which create a list that presents one line for each item. The items in the list appear more compact than an unordered list. The htp.listItem defines the list items in a menu list.

Table 1-61 htp.menulistOpen, htp.menulistClose

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.menulistOpen;
    htf.menulistOpen return varchar2;

    htp.menulistClose;
    htf.menulistClose return varchar2;
Parameters: | None.
Generates: | <MENU> </MENU>

## 1.63 htp.meta

This generates the <META> tag, which embeds meta-information about the document and also specifies values for HTTP headers. For example, you specify the expiration date, keywords, and author name.

Table 1-62 htp.meta

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.meta (
       chttp_equiv    in       varchar2
       cname          in       varchar2
       ccontent       in       varchar2);
    htf.meta (chttp_equiv, cname, ccontent) return varchar2;
Parameters: | chttp_equiv - the value for the HTTP-EQUIV attribute. cname - the value for the NAME attribute. ccontent - the value for the CONTENT attribute.
Generates: | <META HTTP-EQUIV="chttp_equiv" NAME ="cname" CONTENT="ccontent">
Example: | htp.meta ('Refresh', NULL, 120); generates: <META HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh" CONTENT=120> On some Web browsers, this causes the current URL to be reloaded automatically every 120 seconds.

## 1.64 htp.nl, htp.br

This generates the <BR> tag, which begins a new line of text.

Table 1-63 htp.nl, htp.br

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.nl (
       cclear         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.nl (cclear, cattributes) return varchar2;

    htp.br (
       cclear         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.br (cclear, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | cclear - the value for the CLEAR attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <BR CLEAR="cclear" cattributes>

## 1.65 htp.nobr

This generates the <NOBR> and </NOBR> tags, which turn off line-breaking in a section of text.

Table 1-64 htp.nobr

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.nobr(ctext in varchar2);
    htf.nobr(ctext) return varchar2;
Parameters: | ctext - the text that is to be rendered on one line.
Generates: | <NOBR>ctext</NOBR>

## 1.66 htp.noframesOpen, htp.noframesClose

This generates the <NOFRAMES> and </NOFRAMES> tags, which mark a no-frames section.

Table 1-65 htp.noframesOpen, htp.noframesClose

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.noframesOpen
    htf.noframesOpen return varchar2;

    htp.noframesClose
    htf.noframesClose return varchar2;
Parameters: | None.
Generates: | <NOFRAMES> </NOFRAMES>
See Also: | htp.frame, htp.framesetOpen, htp.framesetClose

## 1.67 htp.olistOpen, htp.olistClose

This generates the <OL> and </OL> tags, which define an ordered list. An ordered list presents a list of numbered items. Numbered items are added using htp.listItem.

Table 1-66 htp.olistOpen, htp.olistClose

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.olistOpen (
       cclear         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cwrap          in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.olistOpen (cclear, cwrap, cattributes) return varchar2;

    htp.olistClose;
    htf.olistClose return varchar2;
Parameters: | cclear - the value for the CLEAR attribute. cwrap - the value for the WRAP attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <OL CLEAR="cclear" WRAP="cwrap" cattributes> </OL>

## 1.68 htp.para, htp.paragraph

This generates the <P> tag, which indicates that the text that comes after the tag is to be formatted as a paragraph. htp.paragraph enables you to add attributes to the tag.

Table 1-67 htp.para, htp.paragraph

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.para;
    htf.para return varcahr2;

    htp.paragraph (
       calign         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cnowrap        in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cclear         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.paragraph (calign, cnowrap, cclear, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | calign - the value for the ALIGN attribute. cnowrap - if the value for this parameter is not NULL, the NOWRAP attribute is added to the tag. cclear - the value for the CLEAR attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <P> <P ALIGN="calign" NOWRAP CLEAR="cclear" cattributes>

## 1.69 htp.param

This generates the <PARAM> tag, which specifies parameter values for Java applets. The values can reference HTML variables. To invoke a Java applet from a Web page, use `htp.appletopen` to begin the invocation. Use one htp.param for each desired name-value pair, and use `htp.appletclose` to end the applet invocation.

Table 1-68 htp.param

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.param(
       cname          in       varchar2
       cvalue         in       varchar2);
    htf.param(cname, cvalue) return varchar2;
Parameters: | cname - the value for the NAME attribute. cvalue - the value for the VALUE attribute.
Generates: | <PARAM NAME=cname VALUE="cvalue">

## 1.70 htp.plaintext

This generates the <PLAINTEXT> and </PLAINTEXT> tags, which direct the browser to render the text they surround in fixed-width type.

Table 1-69 htp.plaintext

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.plaintext(
       ctext          in       varchar2
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.plaintext(ctext, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | ctext - the text to be rendered in fixed-width font. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <PLAINTEXT cattributes>ctext</PLAINTEXT>

## 1.71 htp.preOpen, htp.preClose

This generates the <PRE> and </PRE> tags, which mark a section of preformatted text in the body of the HTML page.

Table 1-70 htp.preOpen, htp.preClose

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.preOpen (
       cclear         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cwidth         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.preOpen (cclear, cwidth, cattributes) return varchar2;

    htp.preClose;
    htf.preClose return varchar2;
Parameters: | cclear - the value for the CLEAR attribute. cwidth - the value for the WIDTH attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <PRE CLEAR="cclear" WIDTH="cwidth" cattributes> </PRE>

## 1.72 htp.print, htp.prn

`htp.print` generates the specified parameter as a string terminated with the `\n` newline character. The `\n` character is not the same as `<BR>`. The `\n` character formats the HTML source; it does not affect how the browser renders the HTML source. Use `<BR>` to control how the browser renders the HTML source.

`htp.prn` generates the specified parameter as a string. Unlike`htp.print`, the string is not terminated with the `\n` newline character. These subprograms are procedures only, they do not come as functions.

Table 1-71 htp.print, htp.prn

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax |
    htp.print (cbuf in varchar2);
    htp.print (dbuf in date);
    htp.print (nbuf in number);

    htp.prn (cbuf in varchar2);
    htp.prn (dbuf in date);
    htp.prn (nbuf in number);
Parameters: | cbuf, dbuf, nbuf - the string to generate.
Generates: | htp.print - a string terminated with a newline. htp.prn - the specified string, not terminated with a newline.

## 1.73 htp.prints, htp.ps

Both these subprograms generate a string and replace the following characters with the corresponding escape sequence.

  < to &lt;
  > to &gt;
  " to &quot;
  & to &amp;

If not replaced, the special characters are interpreted as HTML control characters and produce garbled output. This procedure is the same as `htp.prn` but with the character substitution. These subprograms are procedures only, they are not available as functions. Use htf.escape_sc if you need a string conversion function.

Table 1-72 htp.prints, htp.ps

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.prints(ctext in varchar2);
    htp.ps(ctext in varchar2);
Parameters: | ctext - the string where to perform character substitution.
Generates: | A string.

## 1.74 htp.s

This generates the <S> and </S> tags, which direct the browser to render the text they surround in strikethrough type.

Table 1-73 htp.s

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.s(
       ctext          in       varchar2
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.s(ctext, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | ctext - the text to render in strikethrough type. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <S cattributes>ctext</S>

## 1.75 htp.sample

This generates the <SAMP> and </SAMP> tags, which direct the browser to render the text they surround in monospace font.

Table 1-74 htp.sample

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.sample (
       ctext          in       varchar2
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.sample (ctext, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | ctext - the text to render in monospace font. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <SAMP cattributes>ctext</SAMP>

## 1.76 htp.script

This generates the <SCRIPT> and </SCRIPT> tags, which contain a script written in languages such as JavaScript and VBscript.

Table 1-75 htp.script

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.script(
       cscript        in       varchar2
       clanguage      in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.script(cscript, clanguage) return varchar2;
Parameters: | cscript - the text of the script. This is the text that makes up the script itself, not the name of a file containing the script. clanguage - the langauge in which the script is written. If this parameter is omitted, the user's browser determines the scripting language.
Generates: | <SCRIPT LANGUAGE=clanguage>cscript</SCRIPT>
Example: |
    htp.script ('script text here', 'Javascript');

    generates:
    <SCRIPT LANGUAGE=Javascript>"script text here"
    </SCRIPT>

    This causes the browser to run the script enclosed in the tags.

## 1.77 htp.small

This generates the <SMALL> and </SMALL> tags, which direct the browser to render the text they surround using a small font.

Table 1-76 htp.small

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.small(
       ctext          in       varchar2
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.small(ctext, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | ctext - the text to render in a small font. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <SMALL cattributes>ctext</SMALL>

## 1.78 htp.strike

This generates the <STRIKE> and </STRIKE> tags, which direct the browser to render the text they surround in strikethrough type.

Table 1-77 htp.strike

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.strike(
       ctext          in       varchar2
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.strike(ctext, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | ctext - the text to be rendered in strikethrough type. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <STRIKE cattributes>ctext</STRIKE>

## 1.79 htp.strong

This generates the <STRONG> and </STRONG> tags, which direct the browser to render the text they surround in bold.

Table 1-78 htp.strong

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.strong (
       ctext          in       varchar2
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.strong (ctext, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | ctext - the text to be emphasized. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <STRONG cattributes>ctext</STRONG>

## 1.80 htp.style

This generates the <STYLE> and </STYLE> tags, which include a style sheet in your Web page. Style sheets are a feature of HTML 3.2. You can get more information about style sheets at `http://www.w3.org`. This feature is not compatible with browsers that support only HTML versions 2.0 or earlier. Such browsers will ignore this tag.

Table 1-79 htp.style

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: | htp.style(cstyle in varchar2); htf.style(cstyle) return varchar2;
Parameters: | cstyle - the style information to include.
Generates: | <STYLE>cstyle</STYLE>

## 1.81 htp.sub

This generates the <SUB> and </SUB> tags, which direct the browser to render the text they surround as subscript.

Table 1-80 htp.sub

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.sub(
       ctext          in       varchar2
       calign         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.sub(ctext, calign, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | ctext - the text to render in subscript. calign - the value for the ALIGN attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <SUB ALIGN="calign" cattributes>ctext</SUB>

## 1.82 htp.sup

This generates the <SUP> and </SUP> tags, which direct the browser to render the text they surround as superscript.

Table 1-81 htp.sup

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.sup(
       ctext          in       varchar2
       calign         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.sup(ctext, calign, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | ctext - the text to render in subscript. calign - the value for the ALIGN attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <SUP ALIGN="calign" cattributes>ctext</SUP>

## 1.83 htp.tableCaption

This generates the <CAPTION> and </CAPTION> tags, which place a caption in an HTML table.

Table 1-82 htp.tableCaption

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.tableCaption (
       ccaption       in       varchar2
       calign         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.tableCaption (ccaption, calign, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | ccaption - the text for the caption. calign - the value for the ALIGN attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <CAPTION ALIGN="calign" cattributes>ccaption</CAPTION>

## 1.84 htp.tableData

This generates the <TD> and </TD> tags, which insert data into a cell of an HTML table.

Table 1-83 htp.tableData

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.tableData (
       cvalue         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       calign         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cdp            in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cnowrap        in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       crowspan       in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       ccolspan       in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.tableData (cvalue, calign, cdp, cnowrap, crowspan, ccolspan, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | cvalue - the data for the cell in the table. calign - the value for the ALIGN attribute. cdp - the value for the DP attribute. cnowrap - if the value of this parameter is not NULL, the NOWRAP attribute is added to the tag. crowspan - the value for the ROWSPAN attribute. ccolspan - the value for the COLSPAN attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <TD ALIGN="calign" DP="cdp" ROWSPAN="crowspan" COLSPAN="ccolspan" NOWRAP cattributes>cvalue</TD>

## 1.85 htp.tableHeader

This generates the <TH> and </TH> tags, which insert a header cell in an HTML table. The <TH> tag is similar to the <TD> tag, except that the text in the rows are usually rendered in bold type.

Table 1-84 htp.tableHeader

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.tableHeader (
       cvalue         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       calign         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cdp            in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cnowrap        in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       crowspan       in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       ccolspan       in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.tableHeader (cvalue, calign, cdp, cnowrap, crowspan, ccolspan, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | cvalue - the data for the cell in the table. calign - the value for the ALIGN attribute. cdp - the value for the DP attribute. cnowrap - if the value of this parameter is not NULL, the NOWRAP attribute is added to the tag. crowspan - the value for the ROWSPAN attribute. ccolspan - the value for the COLSPAN attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <TH ALIGN="calign" DP="cdp" ROWSPAN="crowspan" COLSPAN="ccolspan" NOWRAP cattributes>cvalue</TH>

## 1.86 htp.tableOpen, htp.tableClose

This generates the <TABLE> and </TABLE> tags, which define an HTML table.

Table 1-85 htp.tableOpen, htp.tableClose

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.tableOpen (
       cborder        in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       calign         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cnowrap        in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cclear         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.tableOpen (cborder, calign, cnowrap, cclear, cattributes) return varchar2;

    htp.tableClose;
    htf.tableClose return varchar2;
Parameters: | cborder - the value for the BORDER attribute. calign - the value for the ALIGN attribute. cnowrap - if the value of this parameter is not NULL, the NOWRAP attribute is added to the tag. cclear - the value for the CLEAR attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <TABLE "cborder" NOWRAP ALIGN="calign" CLEAR="cclear" cattributes> </TABLE>

## 1.87 htp.tableRowOpen, htp.tableRowClose

This generates the <TR> and </TR> tags, which inserts a new row in an HTML table.

Table 1-86 htp.tableRowOpen, htp.tableRowClose

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.tableRowOpen (
       calign         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cvalign        in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cdp            in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cnowrap        in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.tableRowOpen (calign, cvalign,cdp, cnowrap, cattributes) return varchar2;

    htp.tableRowClose;
    htp.tableRowClose return varchar2;
Parameters: | calign - the value for the ALIGN attribute. cvalign - the value for the VALIGN attribute. cdp - the value for the DP attribute. cnowrap - if the value of this parameter is not NULL, the NOWRAP attribute is added to the tag. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <TR ALIGN="calign" VALIGN="cvalign" DP="cdp" NOWRAP catttributes> </TR>

## 1.88 htp.teletype

This generates the <TT> and </TT> tags, which direct the browser to render the text they surround in a fixed width typewriter font, for example, the courier font.

Table 1-87 htp.teletype

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.teletype (
       ctext          in       varchar2
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.teletype (ctext, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | ctext - the text to render in a fixed width typewriter font. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <TT cattributes>ctext</TT>

## 1.89 htp.title

This generates the <TITLE> and </TITLE> tags, which specify the text to display in the titlebar of the browser window.

Table 1-88 htp.title

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.title (ctitle in varchar2);
    htf.title (ctitle) return varchar2;
Parameters: | ctitle - the text to display in the titlebar of the browser window.
Generates: | <TITLE>ctitle</TITLE>

## 1.90 htp.ulistOpen, htp.ulistClose

This generates the <UL> and </UL> tags, which define an unordered list. An unordered list presents items with bullets. Add list items with htp.listItem.

Table 1-89 htp.ulistOpen, htp.ulistClose

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.ulistOpen (
       cclear         in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cwrap          in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cdingbat       in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       csrc           in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL
    htf.ulistOpen (cclear, cwrap, cdingbat, csrc, cattributes) return varchar2;

    htp.ulistClose;
    htf.ulistClose return varhar2;
Parameters: | cclear - the value for the CLEAR attribute. cwrap - the value for the WRAP attribute. cdingbat - the value for the DINGBAT attribute. csrc - the value for the SRC attribute. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <UL CLEAR="cclear" WRAP="cwrap" DINGBAT="cdingbat" SRC="csrc" cattributes> </UL>

## 1.91 htp.underline

This generates the <U> and </U> tags, which direct the browser to render the text they surround with an underline.

Table 1-90 htp.underline

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.underline(
       ctext          in       varchar2
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.underline(ctext, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | ctext - the text to render with an underline. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <U cattributes>ctext</U>

## 1.92 htp.variable

This generates the <VAR> and </VAR> tags, which direct the browser to render the text they surround in italics.

Table 1-91 htp.variable

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.variable (
       ctext          in       varchar2
       cattributes    in       varchar2   DEFAULT NULL);
    htf.variable (ctext, cattributes) return varchar2;
Parameters: | ctext - the text to render in italics. cattributes - other attributes to be included as-is in the tag.
Generates: | <VAR cattributes>ctext</VAR>

## 1.93 htp.wbr

This generates the <WBR> tag, which inserts a soft line break within a section of NOBR text.

Table 1-92 htp.wbr

Properties | Definitions
--- | ---
Syntax: |
    htp.wbr;
    htf.wbr return wbr;
Parameters: | None.
Generates: | <WBR>