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Oracle Reports Building Reports 10g (9.0.4) Part Number B10602-01 |
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# 41
Building a Report with an XML Pluggable Data Source

#### Figure 41-1 Report output using an XML PDS

Text description of the illustration orbrxml_fin.gif

Reports Builder enables you to use any data source you wish. In this chapter, you will learn how to use the XML pluggable data source that is provided with Oracle Reports.

#### About Pluggable Data Sources

The information you must publish is often derived from data in various corporate data sources. These data sources may be SQL-based (relational databases) or non-SQL-based, such as XML, OLAP, and the like. Often, you must combine data from one or more of these data sources to publish meaningful information. For example, you may need to combine data that exists in a relational database with data from a multidimensional database to compare trends and performance.

Oracle Reports enables you to leverage capabilities, such as aggregation, summarization, formatting, and scheduling, on data from any data source. You can leverage the PDS (pluggable data source) architecture to connect to your own data source, as well as to the data sources available with Oracle Reports (XML, JDBC, text, and Express).

For more information on pluggable data sources, refer to the Reports Builder online help and the Javadoc documentation for the PDS APIs.

#### Example Scenario

Suppose you have an international business with warehouses in the United States and overseas. These warehouses are running a de-centralized management system that stores the operational data locally at each site. The inventory of the warehouses are managed by the local managers. However, for planning purposes, a team at corporate headquarters needs to access the inventory data (in SQL), including the most recent data, of every warehouse. The warehouse data is only available as an XML stream. In this example, you will learn how to combine data from a local database (i.e., the warehouse data) and data from an XML feed to create a Web report.

In this example, you will use static XML files that we've provided for you. The report will access the XML feed online using the business-to-business interface of your order entry system.

##### Table 41-1 Features Demonstrated in this example

Feature | Location
--- | ---
Manually create a SQL query. | Section 41.2.1, "Create a SQL query for your new report"
Use the Data Wizard to create an XML query. | Section 41.2.2, "Create an XML query to access your XML data source"
Create a data link between a SQL query and an XML query. | Section 41.2.3, "Create a data link between two queries"
Use the Report Wizard to create a layout for your report. | Section 41.2.4, "Create a layout for your report using the Report Wizard"
Use format triggers and procedures to apply alternating row colors. | Section 41.2.5, "Apply alternating row colors to your report"
Use a group filter to sort your XML data. | Section 41.2.6, "Filter your XML data using groups"

## 41.1 Prerequisites for this example

To build the examples in this manual, you must have the example files we've provided, as well as access to the sample schema that is shipped with the Oracle9i database.

### 41.1.1 Example files

If you haven't already done so, you can download the files you'll need to complete this example from the Oracle Technology network (`http://otn.oracle.com/products/reports/`) and install them on your machine.

#### To download and install the example files:

1. Go to the Oracle Technology Network Web site (`http://otn.oracle.com/products/reports/`).

2. Click Getting Started with Oracle Reports.

3. Click Index, then browse through the list of examples and find the "Building a Report using an XML Pluggable Data Source" example.

4. Download the file XML_PDS.zip into a temporary directory on your machine (e.g., `d:\temp`).

5. Unzip the contents of the file, maintaining the directory structure, into an examples directory on your machine (e.g., `d:\orawin90\examples`).

   This zip file contains the following files:

   ##### Table 41-2 Files necessary for building this sample report using XML PDS

   File | Description
   --- | ---
   Examples\XML_PDS\result\inventory_report.pdf | The final PDF version of the paper report.
   Examples\XML_PDS\result\inventory_report.rdf | The final RDF version of the paper report.
   Examples\XML_PDS\scripts\XMLPDS_code.txt | The various SQL statements you will use in this report.
   Examples\XML_PDS\scripts\warehouse_inventory.xml | The XML data source for the query in your report.
   Examples\XML_PDS\scripts\warehouse_inventory.xsd | The XML data stream for your report.

   Note: The index.html file and assets directory are used as part of the Getting Started with Oracle Reports Web site. Please do not delete or move these files

### 41.1.2 Access to the sample schema

If you don't know if you have access to the sample schema provided with the Oracle9i database, contact your database administrator. You should have access to the "Order Entry" portion of the schema to complete this example. Typically, you can log into this schema by using the user ID and password "`oe/oe`", then enter the name of the database.

## 41.2 Create a report manually with SQL and XML queries

When you create a report, you can either use the Report Wizard to assist you or create the report yourself. To build this report, you'll need to create two queries: a SQL query and an XML query.

### 41.2.1 Create a SQL query for your new report

When creating the SQL query, you'll need access to the Order Entry part of the sample schema provided with the Oracle9i database. If you don't have access, contact your database administrator. Typically, you can log in using the connection string "`oe/oe@<database name>`".

#### To create a SQL query:

1. Launch Reports Builder (or, if already open, choose File > New > Report)

2. In the Welcome or New Report dialog box, select Build a new report manually, then click OK.

   Your new report displays in the Object Navigator as something like "MODULE 2." You will also see the Data Model view of your new report.

3. In the Data Model view, click the SQL Query tool in the tool palette, then click in an open area of the Data Model view to display the SQL Query Statement dialog box.

4. In the SQL Query Statement field, type the following code:

       select      W.WAREHOUSE_ID,
                   W.WAREHOUSE_NAME,
                   L.CITY,
                   L.STATE_PROVINCE,
                   C.COUNTRY_NAME
       from        WAREHOUSES W,
                   HR.LOCATIONS L,
                   HR.COUNTRIES C
       where       ( W.LOCATION_ID = L.LOCATION_ID (+)  )
         and       ( L.COUNTRY_ID = C.COUNTRY_ID (+)  )
       order by  C.COUNTRY_NAME, W.WAREHOUSE_NAME

   Note: You can also copy and paste the code from the text file we've provided, `xmlpds_code.txt`. Open the file in a text editor, then copy the List of Warehouse query into the SQL Query Statement field.

1. Click OK.

   Note: If the Connect dialog box displays, enter the user ID, password, and name of the database that contains the sample schema.

The data model displays in the Data Model view, and should look something like this:

#### Figure 41-2 Data Model for the XML PDS example SQL query

Text description of the illustration orbrxml_sqldm.gif

1. Save your report as `inventoryreport_xml_<your initials>.rdf`.

You have created a SQL query to retrieve the data for your report.

### 41.2.2 Create an XML query to access your XML data source

In this section, you will create a query to access the XML data source. You can view the resulting report we've provided to make sure your query is correct. Please note, though, that you must update the paths to the Data Definition files with the location of the example files we provided to you.

#### To create an XML query:

1. In the Data Model view, choose Insert > Query to display the Data Wizard.

2. If the Data Wizard Welcome page displays, click Next.

3. On the Query page, click Next.

4. On the Data Source page, click XML Query, then click Next.

5. On the Data page, click Query Definition to display the Define XML Query dialog box.

6. In the Define XML Query dialog box, under Data Definition, click Browse to locate the XSD file we've provided, `warehouse_inventory.xsd` and open it.

7. Under Data Source, click Browse to locate the XML file we've provided that contains your data, `warehouse_inventory.xml` and open it.

   If you want to compare your data definition to the one we provided, make sure that you replace the data definition locations with the locations of your files.

8. Click OK.

9. In the Data Wizard, still on the Data page, click Next.

10. Click Finish to display your data model in the Data Model view. It should look something like this:

#### Figure 41-3 Data model for the XML PDS example with XML and SQL queries

Text description of the illustration orbrxml_xmldm.gif

1. Save your report.

You have created an XML query to access the XML data source we've provided.

### 41.2.3 Create a data link between two queries

You will now need to link the SQL query and the XML query so that you can access your corporate data as well as the data for each of the local warehouses.

#### To create a data link:

1. In the Data Model view, click the Data Link tool in the tool palette.

2. Click the WAREHOUSE_ID column in your first query (Q_1).

3. Drag your cursor until it is over the WAREHOUSE_ID1 column in the second query (Q_2).

   Your data model should now look something like this:

#### Figure 41-4 Data Model with a data link between a SQL query and an XML query

Text description of the illustration orbrxml_dl.gif

You'll notice that the WAREHOUSE_ID column is now highlighted at the bottom of Q_1, with a line pointing to the WAREHOUSE_ID1 column.

- Save your report.

You have created a data link between the WAREHOUSE_ID columns in the two queries.

### 41.2.4 Create a layout for your report using the Report Wizard

Before you can run any report, you must define a layout. The easiest way to do this is to use the Report Wizard.

#### To create a paper layout:

1. In the Data Model view, right-click on the canvas, then choose Report Wizard.

2. In the Report Wizard, on the Report Type page, select Create Paper Layout only, then click Next.

3. On the Style page, select Group Above.

4. On the Groups page, make sure the G_WAREHOUSE_ID and G_WAREHOUSE_ID1 groups are listed in the Group Fields list with a Down Print Direction.

5. On the Fields page, click the double right arrows (>>) to move all of the fields to the Displayed Fields list.

6. On the Labels page, adjust the labels as desired.

7. On the Template page, select Predefined Template and click Beige, then click Finish to display your report output in the Paper Design view. It should look something like this:

#### Figure 41-5 Paper Design view for the XML PDS report

Text description of the illustration orbrxml_pap.gif

1. Save your report.

You have created the layout for your paper report.

Note: You can also run the report we've provided in the result directory, called`inventory_report.rdf`. Before you can run the report, double-click the XML query in the Data Model view, and point the XML data source to the appropriate XSD and XML files.

### 41.2.5 Apply alternating row colors to your report

Now that you've created the report, you can make it more user-friendly by using a summary column to apply alternating row colors.

#### To create a summary column to count the rows:

1. In the Data Model view, click the Summary Column tool in the tool palette.

   If you are still in the Paper Design view, you can click the Data Model button in the toolbar to display the Data Model view.

2. Click in the XML query group (G_WAREHOUSE_ID1) to create a summary column.

3. Double-click the new summary column object (CS_1) to display the Property Inspector, and set properties:

   - Under General Information, set the Name property to LineNo.

   - Under Column, make sure the Column Type property is set to Summary, and that the Datatype property is set to Number.

   - Under Summary, set the Function property to Count, and set the Source property to PRODUCT_NAME.

#### To create a procedure that changes the row colors:

1. In the Object Navigator, click the Program Units node for your report.

2. Click the Create button in the toolbar to display the New Program Unit dialog box.

3. In the New Program Unit dialog box, type `linecolors` as in the Name field.

4. Select Procedure, and click OK to display the PL/SQL Editor for the new program unit.

5. In the PL/SQL Editor, enter the following PL/SQL code to change the text color of the alternating rows to blue:

       PROCEDURE LineColors IS
       BEGIN
         if (:LineNo mod 2=0)
         	then
         	srw.set_text_color('blue');
         else srw.set_text_color('black');
         	end if;
       END;

   Note: You can copy and paste this code from the procedure provided in the `xmlpds_code.txt` file. Just copy the text under `Line Colors Procedure`.

1. Click Compile to compile the procedure.

   If any errors display, make sure the code is correct, and that you created the summary column in the steps above.

2. Click Close.

   Note: Optionally, you can also change the fill colors of the alternating rows by following the steps in the above section, and using the following PL/SQL code. In this example code, we've changed the fill color of alternating rows to red and blue:
       PROCEDURE LineColors IS
       BEGIN
         if (:LineNo mod 2=0)
          then
            srw.set_foreground_fill_color(blue);
            srw.set_fill_pattern('solid');
         else
          srw.set_foreground_fill_color(red);
          srw.set_fill_pattern('solid');
         end if;
       END;

#### To create a format trigger for each field that calls the procedure:

1. In the Object Navigator, under your report name, expand the Paper Layout node and navigate to Body > M_G_WAREHOUSE_ID_GRPFR > R_G_WAREHOUSE_ID > M_G_WAREHOUSE_ID1_GRPFR > R_G_WAREHOUSEID1.

2. While F_PRODUCT_ID is selected, press F4 to display the Property Inspector.

   Note: If you can't find a particular field, use the Find field at the top of the Object Navigator.

3. In the Property Inspector, under Advanced Layout, click the Format Trigger property field to display the PL/SQL Editor.

4. In the PL/SQL Editor, use the template to enter the following PL/SQL code:

       function F_PRODUCT_IDformatTrigger return Boolean is
       begin

       LineColors;

       return (TRUE);
       end;

   Note: Make sure you do not touch the boldface text. Simply type in the code below this text to create the format trigger. You can copy and paste this code from the procedure provided in the `xmlpds_code.txt` file. Just copy the text under `Format Trigger Code.`

1. Add a format trigger for the following fields, using the same code as in the previous step. Be sure not to delete the first line of the code, where the format trigger name is defined:

   - F_PRODUCT_NAME

   - F_QUANTITY_ON_HAND

   - F_WAREHOUSE_ID1

2. Save your report.

3. Click the Run Paper Layout button in the toolbar to your report to paper. Your report should look something like this:

#### Figure 41-6 XML PDS Report with Alternating Row Colors

Text description of the illustration orbrxml_papcol.gif

You have now applied alternating row colors to your report.

### 41.2.6 Filter your XML data using groups

If you have a lot of data in your XML file, you might want to consider sorting and filtering it. You can do so by creating a group filter and a hierarchy. The steps in this section will show you how to create a filter that will only show the inventory items for a user-defined quantity amount. The filter will be based on a a parameter that the user can enter at runtime. You will then create a hierarchy in your data model to group the data in your report.

#### To create a user parameter and a group filter:

1. In the Object Navigator, under the User Parameters node, create a new user parameter called `P_MAXQTY`, with a Datatype of Number, Width of 20, and Initial Value of 50.

   Tip: Once you've created a new user parameter by clicking the User Parameter node, then clicking Create, you can press F4 to display its Property Inspector.

2. In the Data Model view, double-click the G_WAREHOUSE_ID1 group in the XML query to display its Property Inspector.

3. In the Property Inspector, under Group:

   - set the Filter Type property to PL/SQL.

   - click the PL/SQL filter property field to display the PL/SQL Editor.

4. In the PL/SQL Editor, use the template to enter the following PL/SQL code:

       function G_WAREHOUSE_ID1GroupFilter return boolean is
       begin
         if :quantity_on_hand < :P_maxqty then
            return (TRUE);
         else
         	 return (false);
         end if;
       end;

   Note: You can also copy and paste this code from the provided file called `xmlpds_code.txt`. Copy the code under the heading "Group Filter Code."

5. Click Compile, and fix any errors.

   Note: If you are not familiar with compiling PL/SQL, refer to a PL/SQL reference manual.

1. When the code compiles successfully, click Close.

2. Save your report.

3. Click the Run Paper Layout button in the toolbar to run your report to paper. Notice how a Parameter Form now displays where you can adjust the quantity of items displayed in your report.

   You can also run the provided file `Examples``\XML_PDS\source\inventoryreport.rdf` to view the results in Reports Builder.

4. Save your report.

#### To create a hierarchy for the XML query:

1. In the Data Model view, click the PRODUCT_ID column in the XML query, then drag it between the query name and the G_WAREHOUSE_ID1 group.

   Your data model should look like this:

#### Figure 41-7 Data Model with Group Hierarchy

Text description of the illustration orbrxml_dmhier.gif

Note: Noticed in the above image that a green circle now displays above G_WAREHOUSE_ID1. This circle indicates that a group filter has been created for the group.

1. Save your report. You have now created a group filter that sorts the data in your report.

## 41.3 Run your report to paper

#### To run your paper report:

1. In the Object Navigator, make sure your report (`inventoryreport_xml_<your initials>.rdf`) is selected.

2. Click the Run Paper Layout button in the toolbar to run your report to paper. Notice how the Parameter Form now displays, with the initial value of 50.

3. Your report displays in the Paper Design view, and should look something like this:

#### Figure 41-8 Final Paper Design view of the XML PDS example report

Text description of the illustration orbrxml_fin.gif

## 41.4 Summary

Congratulations! You have successfully used an XML data source for a paper report. You now know how to:

- create a SQL query from scratch.

- use the Data Wizard to create an XML query.

- create a data link between a SQL query and an XML query.

- create a layout for your report using the Report Wizard.

- apply alternating row colors to your report using format triggers and procedures.

- filter your XML data using a group filter and hierarchy.

For more information on any of the wizards, views, or properties used in this example, refer to the Reports Builder Online Help, which you can access in two ways:

- From the Oracle Technology Network (`http://otn.oracle.com/products/reports/`), click Documentation and navigate to the Reports Builder Online Help for the most recent, hosted online help.

- From Reports Builder, choose Help > Help Contents.

  Note: You can replace your Reports Builder online help with the most recent update by downloading the latest online help set available on the Oracle Technology Network (`http://otn.oracle.com/docs/products/reports/`). Instructions for replacing your help file are included in the readme.txt in the download file.

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