Oracle9i Application Server Installation Guide Release 1.0.2.1 for Windows NT/2000 Part Number A88726-01 |
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# 2
Concepts and Preinstallation

This chapter guides you through the basic concepts and preinstallation steps for Oracle9i Application Server. The following topics provide information about Oracle9i Application Server, environment variables settings, configuration options, and starting Oracle Universal Installer:

- About Oracle9i Application Server

- Preinstallation Tasks

- About Oracle Universal Installer

## About Oracle9i Application Server

Oracle9i Application Server is a scalable, secure, middle-tier application server. It enables you to deliver Web content, host Web applications, connect to back-office applications, and access your data on wireless devices. Oracle9i Application Server has three installation options:

- Minimal Edition: suitable for Websites that require a lightweight Web server with minimal application support.

- Standard Edition: appropriate for smaller Websites that require minimal support for running transactional applications.

- Enterprise Edition: recommended for medium to large-sized Websites that handle a high volume of requests and that require robust support for running transactional applications.

### Oracle9i Application Server Components

Table 2-1 lists the three installation options for Oracle9i Application Server, and the components that are installed with each option. This is followed by a brief description of each component.

See Also: Oracle9i Application Server Overview Guide in the Oracle9i Application Server Documentation Library for detailed information about each component.

##### Table 2-1 Oracle9 i Application Server Components

Component | Minimal Edition | Standard Edition | Enterprise Edition
--- | --- | --- | ---
Oracle9iAS Database Cache |  |  | x
Oracle9iAS Discoverer |  |  | x
Oracle9iAS Forms Services |  |  | x
Oracle9iAS Portal | x | x | x
Oracle9iAS Reports Services |  |  | x
Oracle9iAS Web Cache |  |  | x
Oracle9iAS Wireless | x | x | x
Oracle Advanced Security |  | x | x
Oracle Business Components for Java (BC4J) | x | x | x
Oracle Database Client Developer Kit | x | x | x
Oracle Enterprise Java Engine |  | x | x
Oracle Enterprise Manager Client | x | x | x
Oracle HTTP Server | x | x | x
Oracle Internet File System |  | x | x
Oracle LDAP Client Kit | x | x | x
Oracle Management Server |  |  | x
Oracle Plug-in for Microsoft IIS | x | x | x
Oracle XML Developer's Kit | x | x | x

#### Oracle9iAS Database Cache

Oracle9iAS Database Cache improves the performance and scalability of applications that access Oracle databases by storing frequently used data on middle tier machines. With Oracle9iAS Database Cache, your applications can process several times as many requests as their original capacity.

#### Oracle9iAS Discoverer

Oracle9iAS Discoverer is a business intelligence tool for analyzing data. With Oracle9iAS Discoverer's award-winning user interface, users can access and analyze database data. There are two Oracle9iAS Discoverer products:

- Oracle9iAS Discoverer Plus is the Internet version of the award-winning Windows version of Discoverer. With Discoverer Plus, business professionals can get and analyze data in a company's database without having to understand complex database concepts. Using Wizard dialogs and menus, Discoverer Plus guides users through the steps to get and analyze data to support their business decisions.

- Oracle9iAS Discoverer Viewer is a tool for viewing workbooks created by Discoverer Plus users. Discoverer Viewer can also be used to integrate database output into a Web site and portal. In addition, it is easy both to customize Discoverer Viewer to conform to a particular Web site look-and0feel, and to build custom Discoverer applications for the Web. Discoverer Viewer is optimized for performance and designed to minimize network traffic.

#### Oracle9iAS Forms Services

Oracle9iAS Forms Services deploys Forms applications with database access to Java clients in a Web environment. Oracle9iAS Forms Services automatically optimizes class downloads, network traffic, and interactions with Oracle database. Applications are automatically load-balanced across multiple servers and, therefore, can easily scale to service any number of requests.

#### Oracle9iAS Portal

Oracle9iAS Portal is a complete solution for building, deploying and monitoring Web database applications and content-driven Web sites. Oracle9iAS Portal enables you to create and view database objects through an easy-to-use HTML-based interface, and provides tools for creating HTML-based interfaces. It also allows you to resolve performance problems using performance tracking facilities, and enables you to manage database security through its interface.

#### Oracle9iAS Reports Services

Oracle9iAS Reports Services provides an easy-to-use, scalable, and manageable solution for high-quality database publishing and reporting by creating dynamic reports for the Web and across the enterprise. It enables you to implement a multi-tiered architecture for running your reports.

#### Oracle9iAS Web Cache

Oracle9iAS Web Cache is a server accelerator caching service that improves the performance, scalability, and availability of frequently used e-business Web sites that run on Oracle9i Application Server and Oracle8i. By storing frequently accessed URLs in virtual memory, Oracle9iAS Web Cache eliminates the need to repeatedly process requests for those URLs on the Web server, and it caches both static and dynamically-generated HTTP content from one or more applications Web servers.

#### Oracle9iAS Wireless

Oracle9iAS Wireless is a portal service for delivering information and applications to mobile devices. Using Oracle9iAS Wireless, you can create custom portal sites that use different kinds of content, including Web pages, custom Java applications, and XML-based applications. Oracle9iAS Wireless sites make this diverse information accessible to mobile devices without you having to rewrite the content for each target device platform.

#### Oracle Advanced Security

Oracle Advanced Security provides a comprehensive suite of security features to protect enterprise networks and securely extend corporate networks to the Internet. It provides a single source of integration with network encryption and authentication solutions, single signon services, and security protocols. By integrating industry standards, it delivers unparalleled security to the Oracle network and beyond.

#### Oracle Business Components for Java (BC4J)

Oracle Business Components for Java is a 100% Java-compatible, XML-powered framework that enables productive development, portable deployment, and flexible customization of multi-tier, database applications from business components.

#### Oracle Database Client Developer Kit

The Oracle Database Client Developer Kit contains the following client libraries:

- Oracle Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) Drivers

- Oracle Java Messaging Service (JMS) Toolkit

- Oracle SQLJ Translator

#### Oracle Enterprise Java Engine

Oracle Enterprise Java Engine is an enterprise-class 100% Java-compatible server environment that supports Enterprise JavaBeans, CORBA, and database stored procedures. Oracle Enterprise Java Engine achieves high scalability through its unique architectural design, which minimizes the burden and complexity of memory management when the number of users increases.

#### Oracle Enterprise Manager Client

Oracle Enterprise Manager Client provides an integrated solution for centrally managing your Oracle environment. Combining a graphical console, Oracle Intelligent Agents, common services, and administrative tools, Oracle Enterprise Manager Client provides a comprehensive systems management platform for managing Oracle9i Application Server. To use this client, you must have a previously installed Oracle Management Server on your network.

#### Oracle HTTP Server powered by Apache

Oracle9i Application Server uses the Oracle HTTP Server, which is built on Apache Web server technology. Oracle HTTP Server offers scalability, stability, speed, and extensibility. It also supports Java Servlets, JavaServer Pages, Perl, PL/SQL, and CGI applications. This component also includes the following sub-components:

- Apache JServ

- mod_Jserv

- mod_ose

- mod_plsql

- mod_perl

- mod_ssl

- Oracle JSP

- Perl Interpreter

#### Oracle Internet File System

Oracle Internet File System is a file system and development platform that stores files in an Oracle8i database. It provides a mechanism for creating, storing, and managing various types of information, from Web pages to email, from spreadsheets to XML files, in a common repository for users to access and update.

#### Oracle LDAP Client Kit

LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) is the emerging Internet standard for directory services. Oracle LDAP Client Kit supports client interaction with any LDAP-compliant directory server; for example, Oracle Internet Directory. The toolkit provides tools and development libraries to support client calls to directory services, encrypted connections, and enables you to manage your directory data.

#### Oracle Management Server

Oracle Management Server provides distributed control between the database and Oracle9i Application Server in the network. As a central engine for notifications, it processes all system management tasks and administers the distribution of these tasks across the enterprise. Ensure that you do not have multiple Oracle Management Servers installed on a single machine.

#### Oracle Plug-in for Microsoft IIS

Oracle Plug-in for Microsoft IIS enables you to use Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS) to directly access PL/SQL and Java Web components stored in an Oracle database. It provides functionality in a Microsoft IIS environment that is similar to the Oracle HTTP Server Modules, mod_plsql and mod_ose. Using it, you can access Web components by passing either a preconfigured virtual directory prefix (PL/SQL access), or a predefined file extension and virtual directory prefixes which are stored in the Java configuration file (Java access).

#### Oracle XML Developer Kit

The Oracle XML Developer Kit (XDK) contains the necessary XML components libraries and utilities to give developers the ability to easily XML-enable applications and Web sites. Oracle XDK supports development in Java, C, C++, and PL/SQL with a collection of libraries, command-line utilities, and tools.

### Supplemental Components

The following is a list of the supplemental components that are available with Oracle9i Application Server, Release 1.0.2.1:

See Also: Appendix C, "Installing Supplemental Components" for overview and installation instructions.

- Oracle Applications Interconnect

- Oracle Gateways (Informix, Ingres, Sybase)

- Oracle Internet Directory

- Oracle Workflow

## Preinstallation Tasks

The preinstallation tasks for the Oracle9i Application Server are divided into the following parts:

- Migration

- Port Changes

- Completing Preinstallation for Specific Installation Options

### Migration

If you are migrating from a previous version of Oracle9i Application Server, note that Oracle only supports the following options:

- If you are migrating from an earlier release, you must first migrate to Oracle9i Application Server, Release 1.0.2.0 using the instructions for that release. Then migrate from Release 1.0.2.0 to 1.0.2.1 using the instructions below.

- If you are migrating from Oracle9i Application Server, Release 1.0.2.0, then you must perform certain migration tasks before installing Oracle9i Application Server, Release 1.0.2.1.

  See Also: Migrating from Oracle Internet Application Server 1.0.2.0 in the Oracle9i Application Server Platform-specific Documentation. Review the migration guide for any preinstallation tasks before proceeding with installation.

### Port Changes

If you are installing Oracle9i Application Server on the same machine as the database, make the following changes to avoid port conflicts:

- Oracle9i Application Server receives requests on port 80. Be sure that an existing service, such as the database, is not using that port. If port 80 is already in use, then you should either change the port for that existing service, or deinstall the service if it is not in use.

- Oracle9i Application Server installs another database that listens on port 1521. Change the port for the origin database listener to be, for example, 1526.

### Completing Preinstallation for Specific Installation Options

Perform the following preinstallation tasks before installing the Oracle9i Application Server:

- Log in with administrator privileges.

- Go to the Control Panel and set all Oracle services to manual startup. After installing Oracle9i Application Server, the Oracle services can be changed back to automatic start mode.

- Be sure to verify that your PATH environment variable does not exceed 1,024 bytes.

  See Also: "Path Environment Variable"

The list below directs you to the installation option that you have licence to:

- Minimal Edition

- Standard Edition

- Enterprise Edition

### Minimal Edition

Minimal Edition does not require any preinstallation tasks.

Proceed to "About Oracle Universal Installer" to start the installer.

### Standard Edition

The following are the preinstallation steps for the Standard Edition of the Oracle9i Application Server.

#### Oracle Internet File System

Perform the following tasks to set database parameters for Oracle Internet File System:

Installation of Oracle Internet File System requires reconfiguration of specific database parameters on the server machine.

1. Before changing any parameters, shut down the network listener, interMedia Text servers, and the database.

   See Also: Oracle8i Installation Guide in the Oracle Database Documentation Library

   Set the following Oracle initialization parameters to the values specified. These parameters are contained in the `init` `SID``.ora` file in the `ORACLE_BASE``\admin\`global_database_name`\pfile` directory.

   Note: This configuration file may be located in a different directory depending on how the database was installed.

   1. Set the value for `open_cursors` to at least 255.

   2. Set the value for `shared_pool_size` at least 50MB.

   3. Set the value for `processes` to at least 200.

   4. Make sure there is at least one online non-system rollback segment.

      To verify that there is at least one online non-system rollback segment, connect to Oracle as the `SYS` user with SQL*Plus and execute the following SQL statement:

          SQL> SELECT segment_name, tablespace_name, status

           FROM dba_rollback_segs;

      This will result in output that looks like the following table.

      ##### Table 2-2 dba_rollback_segs Output

      SEGMENT_NAME | TABLESPACE_NAME | STATUS
      --- | --- | ---
      SYSTEM | SYSTEM | ONLINE
      PUBLIC_RS | SYSTEM | ONLINE
      USERS_RS | USERS | ONLINE

      In this example, USERS_RS is an online non-system rollback segment. To ensure that the rollback segment is always online after a database startup, include the following line in the `init` `SID``.ora` file:

          rollback_segments = (rbs_name1, .... , rbs_namex)

      See Also: Oracle8i Administration Guide in the Oracle Database Documentation Library

2. Restart the network listener and database.

3. Execute the following SQL statement:

       SQL> SELECT name, value FROM v$parameter WHERE name = `open_cursors';

   You should see the `open_cursors` value you entered in the `init` `SID``.ora` file in step 2.

   See Also: Oracle8i Administration Guide in the Oracle Database Documentation Library

#### Origin Database Connectivity

Oracle9i Application Server requires an active database connection. The installer uses this connection to add database objects to the origin database. The origin database is the original and primary storage for your data and is typically located on a database server tier.

Before installing Oracle9i Application Server, verify that the origin database and its TNS listener are running.

See Also: Oracle8i Administration Guide in the Oracle Database Documentation Library

You have completed the preinstallation tasks for the Oracle9i Application Server. Proceed to "About Oracle Universal Installer" to start the installer.

### Enterprise Edition

The following are the preinstallation steps for the Enterprise Edition of the Oracle9i Application Server.

#### Oracle9iAS Database Cache

Perform the following preinstallation tasks for Oracle9iAS Database Cache:

- Allow Remote Access to the Origin Database

- Configure the Listener for External Procedures

##### Allow Remote Access to the Origin Database

To allow remote access to the origin database through Oracle9iAS Database Cache, you must check the `init` `SID``.ora` file of the origin database and create a password file for the database if it does not exist. Take the following steps:

1. Edit the initialization file (`init` `SID``.ora`) of the origin database. If the file contains the `REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE` parameter, then make sure that the value equals `SHARED` or `EXCLUSIVE`. Oracle9iAS Database Cache can use either value. If the parameter is already set to either `SHARED` or `EXCLUSIVE`, then you do not need to change the value.

   - EXCLUSIVE: The password file can be used by only one database and the password file can contain user names other than `SYS` and `INTERNAL`.

   - SHARED: The password file can be used by more than one database. However, the only user names recognized by the password file are `SYS` and `INTERNAL`.

   If the file does not contain the entry, then add it to the file, specifying either `SHARED` or `EXCLUSIVE` as the value. For example, to specify `EXCLUSIVE`, add the following entry to the file:

       REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE

   `The initSID.or`a file is in the ORACLE_HOME`\database` directory for of the origin database.

   Check if a password file exists for the database. The file is named `pwd` `SID``.ora`, where `SID` is the system identifier of the origin database.

2. If the file does not exist, create the password file using the `orapwd` utility with the following commands:

       prompt> cd ORACLE_HOME\bin
       prompt> ORAPWD FILE=PWDSID.ORA PASSWORD=sys_password ENTRIES=maxRemUsers

   There are no spaces around the equal sign (=). The parameters have the following meanings:

   - FILE: The full path name of the password file. The contents of this file are encrypted, and the file is not user-readable. This parameter is mandatory. The types of file names allowed for the password file are operating system specific. Some platforms require the password file to be a specific format and located in a specific directory. Other platforms allow the use of environment variables to specify the name and location of the password file. See your operating system-specific Oracle documentation for the names and locations allowed on your platform.

   - PASSWORD: The password of the user `SYS` for the origin database. This parameter sets the password for `SYSOPER` and `SYSDBA`. If you issue the `ALTER USER` statement to change the password after connecting to the origin database, both the password stored in the data dictionary and the password stored in the password file are updated.

   - ENTRIES: The maximum number of users allowed for remote connections. This value must be greater than the number of Oracle9iAS Database Cache nodes that will connect to the origin database.

     See Also: Oracle8i Administration Guide in the Oracle Database Documentation Library for information on the `orapwd` utility and remote login.

##### Configure the Listener for External Procedures

You must configure the listener for the origin database so that it listens for external procedure calls. Follow these steps:

1. Edit the `tnsnames.ora` file for the origin database by adding an entry that enables you to connect to the listener process (and subsequently, the `extproc` process). For example, add the following entry to the `tnsnames.ora` file:

       EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA.US.ORACLE.COM=
          (DESCRIPTION=

       (ADDRESS_LIST=

       (ADDRESS= (PROTOCOL=IPC) (KEY=EXTPROC0))

            )
           (CONNECT_DATA=
             (SID=PLSExtProc)

         (PRESENTATION= RO)

           )
          )

   Verify the following:

   - The service name is "`EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA`". (Note that the domain name can be set to any value appropriate for your network.)

   - The `ADDRESS_LIST` contains an `ADDRESS` entry setting "(`PROTOCOL = IPC`)".

   Make a note of the `KEY` value (in this example, it is "`EXTPROC0`"). Also make a note of the `SID` value (in his example, it is "`PLSExtProc`"). These values must match the `KEY` and `SID_NAME` value, respectively, in the corresponding entry in the `listener.ora` file.

2. Edit the `listener.ora` file for the origin database and add the following entries for the external procedure listener:

       LISTENER_01=
        (DESCRIPTION_LIST=
          (DESCRIPTION=
           (ADDRESS_LIST=
             (ADDRESS= (PROTOCOL= TCP) (HOST = my_hostname) (PORT = 1521))

        )
        (ADDRESS_LIST=
         (ADDRESS= (PROTOCOL= ICP)  (KEY=EXTPROC0))

            )
           )
         )

   Verify the following:

   - The `ADDRESS_LIST` contains an `ADDRESS` entry setting "(`PROTOCOL = IPC`)".

   - The `ADDRESS_LIST` containing "(`PROTOCOL = IPC`) "has a key value which is the same `KEY` value from the `tnsnames.ora` file. In this example, the key value is "`EXTPROC0`".

   Make a note of the name of the listener that will be used for external procedures. In this example, the listener name is "`LISTENER_01`".

3. Edit the `listener.ora` file and verify that there is a `SID` for external procedure listener in the listener's `SID` list.

       SID_LIST_LISTENER=
          (SID_LIST=
             (SID_DESC=
                (SID_NAME=PLSExtProc)
                (ORACLE_HOME=/dsk1/oracle/rdbms/OraHome)
                (PROGRAM=extproc)
             )

             ...

          (SID_DESC =
             (GLOBAL_DBNAME = global_DBname)
             (ORACLE_HOME = /dsk1/oracle/rdbms/OraHome)
             (SID_NAME = ias)
           )
          )

   Verify the following:

   - The `SID` list contains an entry with a `SID_NAME` that is the same as the `SID` noted in Step 1. In this example, the `SID` is "`PLSExtProc`".

   - The `ORACLE_HOME` value for this entry is set to the `ORACLE_HOME` for the origin database.

   - The `PROGRAM` value for this entry is "`extproc`".

4. Restart the listener if you have made any changes to the configuration files. If the listener name you noted in step 2 is anything other than "LISTENER", then you will need to start and stop that specific listener. In the following example, the listener name is "LISTENER_01".

       prompt> lsnrctl stop listener_01
       prompt> lsnrctl start listener_01

5. The `extproc` process spawned by the listener inherits the operating system privileges of the listener. So Oracle Corporation strongly recommends that you restrict the privileges for the separate listener process. The process should not have permission to read or write to database files. The owner of this separate process should not be the `oracle` user (which is the default owner of the server executable and database files). Start the listener from a user account that does not have permission to read or write to database files or the Oracle server address space.

6. If not already installed, place the `extproc` executable in the `bin` directory under the `ORACLE_HOME` of the origin database.

7. Minimum configuration for `sqlnet.ora:`

       NAMES.DEFAULT_DOMAIN = your.Domain.Name
       SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NTS)
       NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (TNSNAMES, ONAMES, HOSTNAME)

   See Also: Net8 Administrator's Guide in the Oracle Database Documentation Library for information regarding the `listener.ora` file and the `tnsnames.ora` file.

#### Oracle Internet File System

Perform the following tasks to set database parameters for Oracle Internet File System:

Installation of Oracle Internet File System requires reconfiguration of specific database parameters on the server machine.

1. Before changing any parameters, shut down the network listener, interMedia Text servers, and the database.

   See Also: Oracle8i Installation Guide in the Oracle Database Documentation Library

   Set the following Oracle initialization parameters to the values specified. These parameters are contained in the `init` `SID``.ora` file in the `ORACLE_BASE``\admin\`global_database_name`\pfile` directory.

   Note: This configuration file may be located in a different directory depending on how the database was installed.

   1. Set the value for `open_cursors` to at least 255.

   2. Set the value for `shared_pool_size` at least 50MB.

   3. Set the value for processes to at least 200.

   4. Make sure there is at least one online non-system rollback segment.

      To verify that there is at least one online non-system rollback segment, connect to Oracle as the `SYS` user with SQL*Plus and execute the following SQL statement:

          SQL> SELECT segment_name, tablespace_name, status
               FROM dba_rollback_segs;

      This will result in output that looks like the following table.

      ##### Table 2-3 dba_rollback_segs Output

      SEGMENT_NAME | TABLESPACE_NAME | STATUS
      --- | --- | ---
      SYSTEM | SYSTEM | ONLINE
      PUBLIC_RS | SYSTEM | ONLINE
      USERS_RS | USERS | ONLINE

      In this example, USERS_RS is an online non-system rollback segment. To ensure that the rollback segment is always online after a database startup, include the following line in the `init` `SID``.ora` file:

          rollback_segments = (rbs_name1, .... , rbs_namex)

      See Also: Oracle8i Administration Guide in the Oracle Database Documentation Library.

2. Restart the network listener and database.

3. Execute the following SQL statement:

       SQL> SELECT name, value FROM v$parameter WHERE name = `open_cursors';

   You should see the `open_cursors` value you entered in the `init` `SID``.ora` file in step 2.

   See Also: Oracle8i Administration Guide in the Oracle Database Documentation Library

#### Origin Database Connectivity

Oracle9i Application Server requires an active database connection. The installer uses this connection to add database objects to the origin database. The origin database is the original and primary storage for your data and is typically located on a database server tier.

Before installing Oracle9i Application Server, verify that the origin database and its TNS listener are running.

You have completed the preinstallation tasks for the Oracle9i Application Server. Proceed to "About Oracle Universal Installer" to start the installer.

## About Oracle Universal Installer

Oracle9i Application Server uses Oracle Universal Installer to configure environment variables and to install components. The installer guides you through each step of the installation process, so you can choose configuration options for a customized product.

The installer includes features that perform the following tasks:

- Explore and provide installation options for products

- Detect pre-set environment variables and configuration settings

- Set environment variables and configuration during installation

- Deinstall products

### Starting Oracle Universal Installer

Follow these steps to launch Oracle Universal Installer, which installs Oracle9i Application Server:

1. Stop all Oracle processes and services (for example, the Oracle database).

2. Be sure that you are logged in to the Windows NT system as a member of the Administrators group.

3. Insert Disk1 into the CD-ROM drive to launch Oracle Universal Installer. If your machine supports the auto run feature, the installer will automatically launch on your machine.

   If your machine does not support the auto run feature, perform the following steps to launch the installer:

   1. Locate the following directory:

      `G:\iSetup.exe`, where "`G`" is the letter for your CD-ROM drive.

   2. Start the installer by launching the `SETUP.EXE` program.

This launches Oracle Universal Installer through which you can install Oracle9i Application Server.

The list below navigates you to installation instructions for the Oracle9i Application Server edition you are licensed to:

- For instructions for Minimal Edition installation, refer to Chapter 3, "Minimal Edition".

- For instructions for Standard Edition installation, refer to Chapter 4, "Standard Edition".

- For instructions for Enterprise Edition installation, refer to Chapter 5, "Enterprise Edition".

- For instructions for Non-interactive installation, refer to Chapter 6, "Non-Interactive Installation".

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