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# B
Oracle Reserved Words, Keywords, and Namespaces

This appendix lists words that have a special meaning to Oracle. Each word plays a specific role in the context in which it appears. For example, in an INSERT statement, the reserved word INTO introduces the tables to which rows will be added. But, in a FETCH or SELECT statement, the reserved word INTO introduces the output host variables to which column values will be assigned.

Topics are:

- Oracle Reserved Words and Keywords
- Oracle Reserved Namespaces

## Oracle Reserved Words and Keywords

|

| | & | :
, | - | =
> | [ | <
( | . | +
] | ) | !
/ | * | ^
@ |  | ACCESS
ACCOUNT | ACTIVATE | ADD
ADMIN | ADVISE | AFTER
ALL | ALL_ROWS | ALLOCATE
ALTER | ANALYZE | AND
ANY | ARCHIVE | ARCHIVELOG
ARRAY | AS | ASC
AT | AUDIT | AUTHENTICATED
AUTHORIZATION | AUTOEXTEND | AUTOMATIC
BACKUP | BECOME | BEFORE
BEGIN | BETWEEN | BFILE
BITMAP | BLOB | BLOCK
BODY | BY | CACHE
CACHE_INSTANCES | CANCEL | CASCADE
CAST | CFILE | CHAINED
CHANGE | CHAR | CHAR_CS
CHARACTER | CHECK | CHECKPOINT
CHOOSE | CHUNK | CLEAR
CLOB | CLONE | CLOSE
CLOSE_CACHED_OPEN_CURSORS | CLUSTER | COALESCE
COLUMN | COLUMNS | COMMENT
COMMIT | COMMITTED | COMPATIBILITY
COMPILE | COMPLETE | COMPOSITE_LIMIT
COMPRESS | COMPUTE | CONNECT
CONNECT_TIME | CONSTRAINT | CONSTRAINTS
CONTENTS | CONTINUE | CONTROLFILE
CONVERT | COST | CPU_PER_CALL
CPU_PER_SESSION | CREATE | CURRENT
CURRENT_SCHEMA | CURRENT_USER | CURSOR
CYCLE | DANGLING | DATABASE
DATAFILE | DATAFILES | DATAOBJNO
DATE | DBA | DBHIGH
DBLOW | DBMAC | DEALLOCATE
DEBUG | DEC | DECIMAL
DECLARE | DEFAULT | DEFERRABLE
DEFERRED | DEGREE | DELETE
DEREF | DESC | DIRECTORY
DISABLE | DISCONNECT | DISMOUNT
DISTINCT | DISTRIBUTED | DML
DOUBLE | DROP | DUMP
EACH | ELSE | ENABLE
END | ENFORCE | ENTRY
ESCAPE | ESTIMATE | EVENTS
EXCEPT | EXCEPTIONS | EXCHANGE
EXCLUDING | EXCLUSIVE | EXECUTE
EXISTS | EXPIRE | EXPLAIN
EXTENT | EXTENTS | EXTERNALLY
FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS | FALSE | FAST
FILE | FIRST_ROWS | FLAGGER
FLOAT |  | FLUSH
FOR | FORCE | FOREIGN
FREELIST | FREELISTS | FROM
FULL | FUNCTION |
GLOBAL | GLOBALLY | GLOBAL_NAME
GRANT | GROUP | GROUPS
HASH | HASHKEYS | HAVING
HEADER | HEAP | IDENTIFIED
IDGENERATORS | IDLE_TIME | IF
IMMEDIATE | IN | INCLUDING
INCREMENT | INDEX | INDEXED
INDEXES | INDICATOR | IND_PARTITION
INITIAL | INITIALLY | INITRANS
INSERT | INSTANCE | INSTANCES
INSTEAD | INT | INTEGER
INTERMEDIATE | INTERSECT | INTO
IS | ISOLATION | ISOLATION_LEVEL
KEEP | KEY | KILL
LABEL | LAYER | LESS
LEVEL | LIBRARY | LIKE
LIMIT | LINK | LIST
LOB | LOCAL | LOCK
LOCKED | LOG | LOGFILE
LOGGING | LOGICAL_READS_PER_CALL | LOGICAL_READS_PER_SESSION
LONG | MANAGE | MASTER
MAX | MAXARCHLOGS | MAXDATAFILES
MAXEXTENTS | MAXINSTANCES | MAXLOGFILES
MAXLOGHISTORY | MAXLOGMEMBERS | MAXSIZE
MAXTRANS | MAXVALUE | MIN
MEMBER | MINIMUM | MINEXTENTS
MINUS | MINVALUE | MLSLABEL
MLS_LABEL_FORMAT | MODE | MODIFY
MOUNT | MOVE | MTS_DISPATCHERS
MULTISET | NATIONAL | NCHAR
NCHAR_CS | NCLOB | NEEDED
NESTED | NETWORK | NEW
NEXT | NOARCHIVELOG | NOAUDIT
NOCACHE | NOCOMPRESS | NOCYCLE
NOFORCE | NOLOGGING | NOMAXVALUE
NOMINVALUE | NONE | NOORDER
NOOVERRIDE | NOPARALLEL | NORESETLOGS
NOREVERSE | NORMAL | NOSORT
NOT | NOTHING | NOWAIT
NULL | NUMBER | NUMERIC
NVARCHAR2 | OBJECT | OBJNO
OBJNO_REUSE | OF | OFF
OFFLINE | OID | OIDINDEX
OLD | ON | ONLINE
ONLY | OPCODE | OPEN
OPTIMAL | OPTIMIZER_GOAL | OPTION
OR | ORDER | ORGANIZATION
OSLABEL | OVERFLOW | OWN
PACKAGE | PARALLEL | PARTITION
PASSWORD | PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME | PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME
PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME | PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX | PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME
PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION | PCTFREE | PCTINCREASE
PCTTHRESHOLD | PCTUSED | PCTVERSION
PERCENT | PERMANENT | PLAN
PLSQL_DEBUG | POST_TRANSACTION | PRECISION
PRESERVE | PRIMARY | PRIOR
PRIVATE | PRIVATE_SGA | PRIVILEGE
PRIVILEGES | PROCEDURE | PROFILE
PUBLIC | PURGE | QUEUE
QUOTA | RANGE | RAW
RBA | READ | READUP
REAL | REBUILD | RECOVER
RECOVERABLE | RECOVERY | REF
REFERENCES | REFERENCING | REFRESH
RENAME | REPLACE | RESET
RESETLOGS | RESIZE | RESOURCE
RESTRICTED | RETURN | RETURNING
REUSE | REVERSE | REVOKE
ROLE | ROLES | ROLLBACK
ROW | ROWID | ROWNUM
ROWS | RULE | SAMPLE
SAVEPOINT | SB4 | SCAN_INSTANCES
SCHEMA | SCN | SCOPE
SD_ALL | SD_INHIBIT | SD_SHOW
SEGMENT | SEG_BLOCK | SEG_FILE
SELECT | SEQUENCE | SERIALIZABLE
SESSION | SESSION_CACHED_CURSORS | SESSIONS_PER_USER
SET | SHARE | SHARED
SHARED_POOL | SHRINK | SIZE
SKIP | SKIP_UNUSABLE_INDEXES | SMALLINT
SNAPSHOT | SOME | SORT
SPECIFICATION | SPLIT | SQL_TRACE
STANDBY | START | STATEMENT_ID
STATISTICS | STOP | STORAGE
STORE | STRUCTURE | SUCCESSFUL
SWITCH | SYS_OP_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL$ | SYS_OP_NTCIMG$
SYNONYM | SYSDATE | SYSDBA
SYSOPER | SYSTEM | TABLE
TABLES | TABLESPACE | TABLESPACE_NO
TABNO | TEMPORARY | THAN
THE | THEN | THREAD
TIMESTAMP | TIME | TO
TOPLEVEL | TRACE | TRACING
TRANSACTION | TRANSITIONAL | TRIGGER
TRIGGERS | TRUE | TRUNCATE
TX | TYPE | UB2
UBA | UID | UNARCHIVED
UNDO | UNION | UNIQUE
UNLIMITED | UNLOCK | UNRECOVERABLE
UNTIL | UNUSABLE | UNUSED
UPDATABLE | UPDATE | USAGE
USE | USER | USING
VALIDATE | VALIDATION | VALUE
VALUES | VARCHAR | VARCHAR2
VARYING | VIEW | WHEN
WHENEVER | WHERE | WITH
WITHOUT | WORK | WRITE
WRITEDOWN | WRITEUP | XID

## Oracle Reserved Namespaces

Table 0-1 contains a list of namespaces that are reserved by Oracle. The initial characters of function names in Oracle libraries are restricted to the character strings in this list. Because of potential name conflicts, use function names that do not begin with these characters.

For example, the SQL*Net Transparent Network Service functions all begin with the characters "NS," so you need to avoid writing functions whose names begin with "NS."

##### Table 0-1 Oracle Reserved Namespaces

Namespace | Library
--- | ---
O | OCI functions
S | function names from SQLLIB and system-dependent libraries
XA | external functions for XA applications only
GEN KP L NA NC ND NL NM NR NS NT NZ TTC UPI | Internal functions

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