Programmer's Guide to the Pro*C/C++ Precompiler
Library
Product
Contents
Index
@
#
##
#define
[
2
]
#elif
#else
#endif
#error
#ifdef
#ifndef
#include
[
2
]
contrasted with EXEC SQL INCLUDE
file inclusion, Pro*C compared to C
#line
#pragma
1405 error
abnormal termination, automatic rollback
active set, changing
[
2
]
cursor movement through
definition of
how identified
if empty
when fetched from
when no longer defined
ALLOCATE command
ALLOCATE, precompiler statement
allocating
cursors
thread context
[
2
]
allocation, of a cursor variable
angle brackets
ANSI, compliance
application development process
AREASIZE option, obsolete options
array
batch fetch
definition of
elements of
host arrays
[
2
]
ARRAYLEN statement
array, operations
ASACC, precompiler option
AT clause
in CONNECT statement
in DECLARE CURSOR statement
in DECLARE STATEMENT statement
in EXECUTE IMMEDIATE statement
of COMMIT command
of CONNECT command
of DECLARE CURSOR command
of DECLARE STATEMENT command
of EXECUTE command
of EXECUTE IMMEDIATE command
of INSERT command
of SAVEPOINT command
of SELECT command
of UPDATE command
restriction on
use of
AUTO_CONNECT, precompiler option
[
2
]
automatic connections
[
2
]
batch fetch
advantage of
example of
number of rows returned by
bind descriptor
[
2
] [
3
]
definition of
information in
bind SQLDA, purpose of
bind variables
input host variables
binding, definition of
blank padding, in multibyte character strings
braces
brackets
C preprocessor
directives supported by Pro*C
how used in Pro*C
C variable in SQLDA
how value is set
purpose of
C++
[
2
] [
3
]
case sensitivity, in precompiler options
CHAR datatype
character sets, multibyte
character strings
multibyte
new considerations in Pro*C 2.1
semantics of
CHARF datatype
[
2
]
CHARZ datatype
for multibyte character strings
child cursor
CLOSE command
examples
CLOSE statement
dependence on precompiler options
example of
purpose of
[
2
]
use in dynamic SQL method 4
closing, cursors
code page
CODE, precompiler option
[
2
]
coding conventions
column list
in INSERT statements
when permissible to omit
COMMENT clause, of COMMIT command
comments
ANSI-style
C-style
restriction on
COMMIT command
ending a transaction
examples
COMMIT statement
effect of
example of
purpose of
RELEASE option in
using in a PL/SQL block
where to place
commits
automatic
explicit versus implicit
function of
committing, transactions
communicating over a network
COMP_CHARSET, precompiler option
compiling
specifying include file locations
compliance
ANSI
ISO
NIST
concurrency, definition of
concurrent connections
conditional precompilation
defining symbols
example
CONFIG, precompiler option
configuration files
system
user
CONNECT command
examples
CONNECT statement
AT clause in
connecting to Oracle with
requirements for
USING clause in
using to enable a semantic check
connecting to Oracle
automatic connections
concurrently
example of
using SQL*Net
connections
concurrent
default versus non-default
Explicit connections
implicit
naming of
CONTEXT ALLOCATE command
[
2
]
context block, definition of
CONTEXT FREE command
[
2
]
CONTEXT USE directive
[
2
]
CONTINUE action
in the WHENEVER statement
result of
CONTINUE option, of WHENEVER command
conventions
description of
notation
CPP_SUFFIX
precompiler option
precompiler options
CREATE PROCEDURE statement, embedded
creating, savepoints
curly brackets
CURRENT OF clause
example of
mimicking with ROWID
[
2
]
of embedded SQL DELETE command
of embedded SQL UPDATE command
purpose of
restrictions on
current row
definition of
using FETCH to retrieve
cursor
cursor cache
definition of
gathering statistics about
purpose of
cursor control statements, example of typical sequence
cursor operations, overview of
cursor variable
cursor variables
allocating
declaring
opening
restrictions on
use of in recursive functions
cursors
allocating
analogy for
association with queries
child
closing
closing before reopening
declaring
definition of
explicit versus implicit
fetching rows from
for multirow queries
how handling affects performance
movement through active set
opening
parent
purpose of
reopening
[
2
]
restrictions on declaring
rules for naming
scope of
statements for manipulating
types of
using more than one
when closed automatically
cv_demo.pc
cv_demo.sql
Data Definition Language, creating CHAR objects with DBMS=V6
data definition statements, in transactions
data integrity
definition of
data locks
database link
creating synonym for
defining
example using
database links
using in DELETE command
using in INSERT command
using in UPDATE command
database link, where stored
database, naming
datatype codes, used in descriptors
datatype conversions
[
2
]
datatype equivalencing
[
2
]
examples of
[
2
]
purpose of
datatypes
coercing NUMBER to VARCHAR2
dealing with ORACLE internal
internal versus external
list of internal
need to coerce
Oracle
user-defined type equivalencing
when to reset
DATE datatype
internal format
DBMS option
DBMS, precompiler option
[
2
] [
3
]
interaction with TYPE and VAR
used in application migration
deadlock
definition of
effect on transactions
how broken
DECIMAL datatype
declaration
of cursors
of host arrays
[
2
]
of indicator variables
of ORACA
of pointer variables
of SQLCA
of string host variables
of VARCHAR variables
declarative SQL statements
in transactions
uses for
where allowed
DECLARE CURSOR command
examples
DECLARE CURSOR statement
AT clause in
use in dynamic SQL method 4
DECLARE DATABASE directive
Declare Section, when MODE=ANSI
[
2
]
DECLARE statement
DECLARE STATEMENT command
examples
scope of
DECLARE STATEMENT statement
AT clause in
example of using
using with dynamic SQL
when required
DECLARE statement
example of
purpose of
required placement of
use in dynamic SQL method 3
DECLARE TABLE command
examples
DECLARE TABLE statement
need for with AT clause
using with the SQLCHECK option
DEF_SQLCODE, precompiler option
default connections
default database
DEFINE option, used in application migration
DEFINE
precompiler option
used on precompiler command line
DELETE CASCADE
DELETE command
embedded SQL examples
DELETE statement
example of
purpose of
using host arrays in
using the sqlerrd[2] component with
WHERE clause in
delimiters, C versus SQL
DEPT table
DESCRIBE BIND VARIABLES statement, use in dynamic SQL method 4
DESCRIBE command
example
use with PREPARE command
DESCRIBE SELECT LIST statement, use in dynamic SQL method 4
DESCRIBE statement, use in dynamic SQL method 4
descriptor, naming
descriptors
bind descriptor
definition of
need for
select descriptor
using the sqlald() function to allocate
using the sqlclu() function to deallocate
dimension, of host arrays
DISPLAY datatype
distributed processing
support for
using SQL*Net for
distributed transactions
DO action
in the WHENEVER statement
result of
DO option, of WHENEVER command
dots
DTP model
dummy host variables, placeholders
dynamic PL/SQL
rules for
versus dynamic SQL
dynamic SQL
dynamic SQL method 1
commands used with
description of
example of
how to use
requirements for
use of EXECUTE IMMEDIATE with
use of PL/SQL with
dynamic SQL method 2
commands used with
description of
example of
requirements for
use of DECLARE STATEMENT with
use of EXECUTE with
use of PL/SQL with
use of PREPARE with
dynamic SQL method 3
commands used with
compared to method 2
example program
requirements for
sequence of statements used with
use of DECLARE STATEMENT with
use of DECLARE with
use of FETCH with
use of OPEN with
use of PL/SQL with
use of PREPARE with
dynamic SQL method 4
need for descriptors with
overview of
[
2
]
prerequisites for using
requirements for
requirements of
sample program
sequence of statements used with
[
2
]
steps for
use of CLOSE statement in
use of DECLARE CURSOR statement in
use of DECLARE STATEMENT with
use of DESCRIBE in
use of DESCRIBE statement in
[
2
]
use of descriptors with
use of FETCH statement in
use of OPEN statement in
use of PL/SQL with
use of PREPARE statement in
use of the SQLDA in
[
2
]
using host arrays with
using the FOR clause with
[
2
]
when needed
dynamic SQL methods, overview of
dynamic SQL statements
binding of host variables in
definition of
how processed
parsing of
requirements for
use of placeholders in
using host arrays in
versus static SQL statements
dynamic SQL
advantages and disadvantages of
cannot use cursor variables with
choosing the right method
definition of
guidelines for
overview of
restriction on
use of PL/SQL with
uses for
using the AT clause in
when to use
ellipsis
embedded SQL
DECLARE CURSOR command
DECLARE TABLE command
EXECUTE command
embedded PL/SQL
advantages of
cursor FOR loop
example of
[
2
]
overview of
packages
PL/SQL tables
procedures and functions
requirements for
SQLCHECK option
support for SQL
user-defined records
using %TYPE
using the VARCHAR pseudotype with
using to improve performance
where allowed
embedded SQL statement, referencing indicator variables
embedded SQL statements
comments in
continuing from one line to the next
labels for
nulls in
referencing host arrays in
referencing host variables in
suffixes and prefixes not allowed in
terminator for
use of apostrophes in
use of quotation marks in
embedded SQL
ALLOCATE command
CLOSE command
COMMIT command
CONNECT command
CONTEXT ALLOCATE command
[
2
]
CONTEXT FREE command
[
2
]
DECLARE STATEMENT command
definition of
DELETE command
DESCRIBE command
difference from interactive SQL
ENABLE THREADS command
[
2
]
EXECUTE command
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE command
FETCH command
INSERT command
key concepts of
mixing with host-language statements
OPEN command
overview of
PREPARE command
requirements for
SAVEPOINT command
SELECT command
syntax for
[
2
]
testing with SQL*Plus
TYPE command
UPDATE command
VAR command
when to use
WHENEVER command
embedding, PL/SQL blocks in Oracle7 precompiler programs
EMP table
ENABLE THREADS command
[
2
]
enabling, threads
[
2
]
encoding scheme
enqueues, locking
entering options
[
2
]
equivalencing of datatypes
datatype equivalencing
equivalencing
host variable equivalencing
user-defined type equivalencing
error detection, error reporting
error handling
alternatives
need for
overview of
SQLCA versus WHENEVER statement
use of ROLLBACK statement in
error messages
maximum length of
use in error reporting
using the sqlglm() function to get
where available in SQLCA
error reporting
key components of
use of error messages in
use of parse error offset in
use of rows-processed count in
use of warning flags in
WHENEVER command
ERRORS, precompiler option
exception, PL/SQL, definition of
EXEC ORACLE DEFINE statement
EXEC ORACLE ELSE statement
EXEC ORACLE ENDIF statement
EXEC ORACLE IFDEF statement
EXEC ORACLE IFNDEF statement
EXEC ORACLE OPTION, used to set option values in a file
EXEC ORACLE statement
scope of
syntax for
uses for
using to enter options inline
EXEC SQL clause
using to embed SQL
using to embed SQL statements
EXEC SQL INCLUDE, contrasted with #include
EXEC TOOLS statements
EXEC TOOLS
GET CONTEXT statement
GET statement
MESSAGE statement
SET CONTEXT statement
SET statement
executable SQL statements
grouping of
purpose of
uses for
where allowed
EXECUTE command
[
2
]
examples
[
2
]
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE command
examples
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE statement
AT clause in
use in dynamic SQL method 1
EXECUTE statement, use in dynamic SQL method 2
execution of statements
execution plan
[
2
]
EXPLAIN PLAN statement
function of
using to improve performance
explicit connections
description of
multiple
single
external datatypes
CHAR
CHARF
[
2
]
CHARZ
DATE
DECIMAL
definition of
descriptions of
DISPLAY
FLOAT
INTEGER
LONG
LONG RAW
LONG VARCHAR
LONG VARRAW
MLSLABEL
NUMBER
RAW
ROWID
STRING
table of
UNSIGNED
VARCHAR
VARCHAR2
VARNUM
VARRAW
F variable in SQLDA
how value is set
purpose of
FETCH command
examples
used after OPEN command
FETCH statement
example of
INTO clause in
purpose of
[
2
]
results of
use in dynamic SQL method 3
use in dynamic SQL method 4
using the sqlerrd[2] component with
fetching in batches, batch fetch
fetching, rows from cursors
FIPS flagger
warns of array usage
warns of missing Declare Section
warns of use of pointers as host variables
FIPS, precompiler option
flags, warning flags
FLOAT datatype
FOR clause
example of using
of embedded SQL EXECUTE command
of embedded SQL INSERT command
purpose of
requirements for
restrictions on
using in dynamic SQL method 4
using with host arrays
when variable negative or zero
FOR UPDATE OF clause
locking rows with
purpose of
when to use
FORCE clause
of COMMIT command
of ROLLBACK command
forward references, why not allowed
free() function
example of using
freeing, thread context
[
2
]
full scan, description of
function prototype, definition of
functions, cannot serve as host variables
GENXTB form
how to run
use with user exits
GENXTB utility
how to run
use with user exits
GOTO action
in the WHENEVER statement
result of
GOTO option, of WHENEVER command
guidelines
for dynamic SQL
for indicator variables
for separate precompilations
for the WHENEVER statement
for transactions
for user exits
heap, definition of
hints
COST
for the ORACLE SQL statement optimizer
in DELETE statements
in SELECT statements
in UPDATE statements
HOLD_CURSOR option, of ORACLE Precompilers
HOLD_CURSOR
precompiler option
used to improved performance
what it affects
host arrays
advantages of
declaring
[
2
]
definition of
dimensioning
[
2
]
in the DELETE statement
in the INSERT statement
in the SELECT statement
in the UPDATE statement
in the WHERE clause
matching sizes of
maximum size of
multi-dimensional
referencing
[
2
]
restrictions on
[
2
] [
3
] [
4
] [
5
] [
6
]
used as input host variables
used as output host variables
using in dynamic SQL method 4
using in dynamic SQL statements
using the FOR clause with
using to improve performance
when not allowed
[
2
]
host language, definition of
host program, definition of
host structures
arrays in
arrays of not allowed
declaring
host variables
assigning values to
definition of
dummy
host variable equivalencing
in EXECUTE command
in OPEN command
in structures
in user exits
input versus output
multibyte character strings
must resolve to an address
naming
overview of
purpose of
referencing
requirements for
restrictions on
rules for naming
scope in PL/SQL
using in PL/SQL
where allowed
I variable in SQLDA
how value is set
purpose of
IAF GET statement
example of using
in user exits
purpose of
specifying block and field names in
syntax for
IAF PUT statement
example of using
in user exits
purpose of
specifying block and field names in
syntax for
IAP in SQL*Forms, purpose of
identifier
identifiers, ORACLE, how to form
implicit connections
multiple
single
IN OUT parameter mode
IN parameter mode
in-doubt transaction
INAME, precompiler option
INCLUDE
precompiler option
precompiler option, use of
using to include the ORACA
using to include the SQLCA
indexes, using to improve performance
indicator arrays
definition of
example of using
[
2
]
uses for
[
2
]
INDICATOR keyword
indicator variables
assigning values to
association with host variables
declaring
definition of
error reporting with controlled by DBMS option
function of
guidelines
interpreting values of
naming of
referencing
requirements for
used with multibyte character strings
using in PL/SQL
using to detect nulls
using to detect truncated values
using to insert nulls
using to return nulls
using to test for nulls
with structures
input host variables
assigning values to
definition of
restrictions on
uses for
where allowed
INSERT command
embedded SQL examples
insert of no rows, cause of
INSERT statement
column list in
example of
INTO clause in
purpose of
requirements for
using host arrays in
using the sqlerrd[2] component with
VALUES clause in
inserting, rows into tables and views
INTEGER datatype
interface
native
XA
internal datatypes
definition of
list of
INTO clause
for output host variables
in FETCH statements
in INSERT statements
in SELECT statements
of FETCH command
of SELECT command
used with FETCH instead of SELECT
invalid use, of precompiler preprocessor
IRECLEN, precompiler option
IS NULL operator, for testing nulls
ISO, compliance
joins, restriction on
keywords
L variable in SQLDA
how value is set
purpose of
label name, maximum length of
LINES, precompiler option
link, database link
linking
on UNIX
on VMS
two-task
LNAME, precompiler option
LNPROC, VMS link script
location transparency, how provided
LOCK TABLE statement
example of
locking tables with
NOWAIT parameter in
purpose of
specifying lock mode in
locking
definition of
explicit versus implicit
modes of
overriding default
privileges needed to obtain
table versus row
uses for
with FOR UPDATE OF
with the LOCK TABLE statement
lock, released by ROLLBACK statement
logging on
LONG datatype
LONG RAW datatype
LONG VARCHAR
datatype
not supported for multibyte character strings
LONG VARRAW datatype
LRECLEN, precompiler option
LTYPE, precompiler option
lvalue
M variable in SQLDA
how value is set
purpose of
malloc()
example of using
purpose of
MAXLITERAL
default value for
precompiler option
MAXOPENCURSORS
precompiler option
effect on performance
for multiple cursors
specifying for separate precompilation
what it affects
migration
defined macros
error message codes
include files
indicator variables
of an application to Pro*C 2.1
of character strings
precompiler options
MLSLABEL datatype
MODE, precompiler option
[
2
]
effect on OPEN
modes, parameter
multi-threaded applications
models for using runtime contexts
programming considerations
runtime contexts
sample program
user-interface features
embedded SQL statements and directives
thread-safe SQLLIB public functions
THREADS option
multibyte character sets
N variable in SQLDA
how value is set
purpose of
namespaces, reserved by Oracle
naming
of cursors
of database objects
of host variables
of select-list items
of SQL*Forms user exits
national language support (NLS)
native interface
NATIVE, value of DBMS option
nesting, of host structs not permitted
network
communicating over
protocols
reducing traffic on
NIST, compliance
NLS (national language support)
multibyte character strings
NLS parameter
NLS_CURRENCY
NLS_DATE_FORMAT
NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE
NLS_ISO_CURRENCY
NLS_LANG
NLS_LANGUAGE
NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS
NLS_SORT
NLS_TERRITORY
NLS_CHAR, precompiler option
NLS_LOCAL, precompiler option
node
current
definition of
NOT FOUND condition
in the WHENEVER statement
meaning of
of WHENEVER command
notation
conventions
rules for
NOWAIT parameter
effect of
in LOCK TABLE statements
omitting
null-terminated string
nulls
definition of
detecting
handling in dynamic SQL method 4
hardcoding
in C versus SQL
inserting
meaning in SQL
restrictions on
returning
testing for
using the sqlnul() function to test for
NUMBER datatype
using the sqlprc() function with
numeric expressions, cannot serve as host variables
NVL function, for retrieving null values
obsolete options
AREASIZE
REBIND
REENTRANT
OCI calls
embedding
in an X/A environment
OCI onblon() call, not used to connect
OCI orlon() call, not used to connect
ocidfn.h
ONAME option, usage notes for
ONAME, precompiler option
OPEN command
examples
OPEN statement
dependence on precompiler options
effect of
example of
purpose of
[
2
]
use in dynamic SQL method 3
use in dynamic SQL method 4
OPEN_CURSORS parameter
open, a cursor variable
opening, cursors
operators
C versus SQL
restrictions on
optimization approach
optimizer hints
in C
in C++
[
2
]
ORACA
ORACA option, usage notes for
ORACABC component
ORACA
components in
declaring
enabling
example of using
ORACAID component
ORACA
including with #include
information in
ORACABC component in
ORACAID component in
ORACCHF flag in
ORACOC component in
ORADBGF flag in
ORAHCHF flag in
ORAHOC component in
ORAMOC component in
ORANEX component in
ORANOR component in
ORANPR component in
ORASFNMC component in
ORASFNML component in
ORASLNR component in
ORASTXTC component in
ORASTXTF flag in
ORASTXTL component in
precompiler option
purpose of
using more than one
using to gather cursor cache statistics
ORACCHF flag
settings for
Oracle Call Interface
Oracle Communications Area
ORACLE identifiers, how to form
Oracle keywords
Oracle namespaces
Oracle reserved words
Oracle
datatypes
Forms Version 4
Open Gateway
precompilers
function of
Toolset
ORACOC component
ORADBGF flag
settings for
ORAHCHF flag
settings for
ORAHOC component
ORAMOC component
ORANEX component
ORANOR component
ORANPR component
ORASFNMC component
ORASFNML component
ORASLNR component
ORASTXTC component
ORASTXTF flag
settings for
ORASTXTL component
ORECLEN, precompiler option
OUT parameter mode
output host variables
assigning values to
definition of
overhead, reducing
PAGELEN, precompiler option
parameter modes
parent cursor
parse error offset
how to interpret
use in error reporting
parse
definition of
precompiler option
[
2
]
parsing dynamic statements, PREPARE command
password, defining
performance
eliminating extra parsing to improve
optimizing SQL statements to improve
reasons for poor
using embedded PL/SQL to improve
using HOLD_CURSOR to improve
using host arrays to improve
using indexes to improve
using RELEASE_CURSOR to improve
using row-level locking to improve
PL/SQL
PL/SQL blocks, embedded in Oracle7 precompiler programs
PL/SQL reserved words
PL/SQL
and the SQLCA
anonymous block
cursor FOR loop
description of
difference from SQL
executing a block using the AT clause
integration with Server
main advantage of
packages
PL/SQL tables
procedures and functions
RECORD type
relationship with SQL
user-defined records
placeholders, duplicate
[
2
]
naming
proper order of
use in dynamic SQL statements
pointer variables
declaring
determining size of referenced value
referencing
referencing struct members with
pointer
definition of
to a cursor variable
to cursor variables
to VARCHAR
how Oracle handles
how the precompiler handles
using as input host variable
using as output host variable
precision
definition of
using sqlprc() to extract
when not specified
precompilation
precompilation unit
[
2
]
precompilation, conditional
precompiler directives, CONTEXT USE
[
2
]
EXEC SQL DECLARE DATABASE
precompiler options
ASACC
AUTO_CONNECT
CODE
COMP_CHARSET
CONFIG
CPP_SUFFIX
DBMS
DEF_SQLCODE
DEFINE
entering inline
entering on the command line
ERRORS
FIPS
HOLD_CURSOR
INAME
INCLUDE
inline versus on the command line
IRECLEN
LINES
list of
LNAME
LRECLEN
LTYPE
MAXLITERAL
[
2
]
MAXOPENCURSORS
MODE
NLS_CHAR
NLS_LOCAL
ONAME
ORACA
ORECLEN
PAGELEN
PARSE
RELEASE_CURSOR
scope of
SELECT_ERROR
specifying
SQLCHECK
syntax for
SYS_INCLUDE
TEST
THREADS
[
2
]
UNSAFE_NULL
[
2
] [
3
] [
4
]
USERID
VARCHAR
XREF
precompiler, Oracle precompilers
precompiling, use of INCLUDE option
PREPARE command
examples
PREPARE statement
effect on data definition statements
use in dynamic SQL
[
2
]
use in dynamic SQL method 4
preprocessor directives
#define
#elif
#else
#endif
#ifdef
#ifndef
#include
directives not supported by Pro*C
preprocessor, invalid uses of
private SQL area
association with cursors
definition of
opening of
purpose of
Pro*C Precompiler
common uses for
support for NLS
use of PL/SQL with
Pro*C preprocessor, restrictions on
procedural database extension
program termination, normal versus abnormal
Program Global Area (PGA)
programming guidelines
queries
association with cursors
forwarding
incorrectly coded
kinds of
requirements for
returning more than one row
single-row versus multirow
RAW datatype
read consistency, definition of
READ ONLY parameter, in SET TRANSACTION statement
read-only transactions
description of
example of
how ended
REBIND option, obsolete options
record
REENTRANT option, obsolete options
reentrant, definition of
REFERENCE clause, in TYPE statement
reference, to indicator variables
referencing, of host arrays
[
2
]
of host variables
of pointer variables
of VARCHAR variables
RELEASE option
if omitted
in COMMIT statement
in ROLLBACK statement
purpose of
restriction on
RELEASE_CURSOR option
of ORACLE Precompilers
using to improve performance
RELEASE_CURSOR
precompiler option
what it affects
release, migrating an application to release 2.1
remote database, declaration of
reserved words
PL/SQL
resource manager
restrictions
on AT clause
on comments
on CURRENT OF clause
on declaring cursors
on FOR clause
on host arrays
[
2
] [
3
] [
4
] [
5
] [
6
]
on host variables
on input host variables
on nulls
on separate precompilation
on SET TRANSACTION statement
retrieving rows from a table, embedded SQL
return codes, user exits
roll back
to a savepoint
to the same savepoint multiple times
ROLLBACK command
ending a transaction
examples
rollback segment, function of
ROLLBACK statement
effect of
example of
in error handling routines
purpose of
RELEASE option in
TO SAVEPOINT clause in
using in a PL/SQL block
where to place
rollbacks
automatic
function of
statement-level
rolling back, transactions
row locks
acquiring with FOR UPDATE OF
advantage of
using to improve performance
when acquired
when released
ROWID
datatype
pseudocolumn
using to mimic CURRENT OF
[
2
]
rows-processed count
in the SQLCA
use in error reporting
rows
fetching from cursors
inserting into tables and views
updating
runtime context models
threads sharing multiple runtime contexts
threads sharing one runtime context
S variable in SQLDA
how value is set
purpose of
sample database tables
DEPT table
EMP table
sample programs
calldemo.sql
cppdemo1.pc
cppdemo2.pc
cppdemo3.pc
cursor variable demos
cv_demo.pc
cv_demo.sql
how to precompile
oraca.pc
sample1.pc
sample10.pc
sample2.pc
sample3.pc
sample4.pc
sample5.pc
sample6.pc
sample7.pc
sample8.pc
sample9.pc
sqlvcp.pc
SAVEPOINT command
examples
SAVEPOINT statement
example of
purpose of
SAVEPOINTS parameter
savepoints
creating
definition of
limit on number of
raising limit on number of
uses for
when active
when erased
scale
definition of
using sqlprc() to extract
when negative
scope
of a cursor variable
of DECLARE STATEMENT command
of precompiler options
of the EXEC ORACLE statement
of WHENEVER statement
search condition
definition of
in the WHERE clause
SELECT command
embedded SQL examples
select descriptor
[
2
] [
3
]
definition of
information in
select list
definition of
number of items in
using the free() function for
using the malloc() function for
select SQLDA, purpose of
SELECT statement
clauses available for
example of
INTO clause in
purpose of
testing
using host arrays in
using the sqlerrd[2] component with
WHERE clause in
SELECT_ERROR, precompiler option
[
2
]
semantic checking
controlling with the SQLCHECK option
definition of
enabling
with the SQLCHECK option
separate precompilation
guidelines for
referencing cursors for
restrictions on
specifying MAXOPENCURSORS for
using a single SQLCA with
server, integration with PL/SQL
session, definition of
sessions, beginning
SET clause
in UPDATE statements
purpose of
use of subqueries in
SET TRANSACTION statement
example of
purpose of
READ ONLY parameter in
requirements for
restrictions on
snapshot
SQL Communications Area
SQLCA
SQL Descriptor Area, SQLDA
[
2
]
SQL statements
concerns when executing
executable versus declarative
for defining and controlling transactions
for manipulating a cursor
[
2
]
for manipulating ORACLE data
for querying Oracle data
optimizing to improve performance
rules for executing
static versus dynamic
types of
SQL*Forms
display error screen in
IAP constants in
returning values to
reverse return code switch in
SQL*Net
connecting to Oracle via
connecting using Version 2
connection syntax
for concurrent connections
function of
SQL*Plus
using to test SELECT statements
versus embedded SQL
SQL_CURSOR
sqlald() function
example of using
purpose of
syntax for
sqlaldt() function
SQL, benefits of
SQLCA
[
2
]
sqlca.h
listing of
use of SQLCA_STORAGE_CLASS with
SQLCABC component
SQLCA
components in
components set for a PL/SQL block
declaring
description of
explicit versus implicit checking of
SQLCAID component
SQLCA
including multiple times
including with #include
overview of
SQLCABC component in
SQLCAID component in
sqlcode component in
sqlerrd
sqlerrd[2] component in
sqlerrmc component in
sqlerrml component in
sqlwarn
[
2
] [
3
]
use in separate precompilations
using more than one
using with SQL*Net
sqlcdat() function
SQLCHECK option
[
2
]
restrictions on
usage notes for
using to check syntax/semantics
what it affects
SQLCHECK, precompiler option
sqlclu() function
example of using
purpose of
syntax for
sqlclut() function
SQLCODE
SQLCODE status variable
declaring
when declared with the SQLCA
when used
sqlcode, component in SQLCA
[
2
]
interpreting values of
sqlcpr.h
sqlcurt() function
sqlda.h
SQLDA
bind versus select
C variable in
definition of
F variable in
I variable in
including with #include
information stored in
L variable in
M variable in
N variable in
purpose of
S variable in
struct, contents of
structure of
T variable in
use in dynamic SQL method 4
V variable in
X variable in
Y variable in
Z variable in
SQL, Embedded SQL
sqlerrd[2] component
[
2
]
returns N or rows fetched
use with data manipulation statements
sqlerrd, component
[
2
]
sqlerrmc component
sqlerrm, component in the SQLCA
sqlerrml component
SQLERROR condition
in the WHENEVER statement
meaning of
SQLERROR, WHENEVER command condition
sqlglm()
sqlglm() function
[
2
]
example of using
parameters of
sqlglmt() function
sqlgls() function
example of use
sample program for
sqlglst() function
SQLIEM function
in user exits
purpose of
syntax for
SQL, in multi-threaded applications
sqlld2() function
sqlld2t() function
sqllda() function
sqlldat() function
SQLLIB
SQL
nature of
need for
sqlnul() function
example of using
purpose of
syntax for
use of with T variable
sqlnult() function
sqlpr2() function
sqlpr2t() function
sqlprc() function
[
2
]
sqlprct() function
SQLSTATE
class codes
declaring
mapping to Oracle errors
predefined classes
status codes
status variable
[
2
]
using
values
SQL, summary of commands
sqlvcp() function
sqlvcpt() function
sqlwarn, flag
[
2
] [
3
]
SQLWARNING condition
in the WHENEVER statement
meaning of
SQLWARNING, WHENEVER command condition
square brackets
statement-level rollback
description of
to break deadlocks
status codes, meaning of
status variables
STOP action
in the WHENEVER statement
result of
STOP option, of WHENEVER command
stored procedures, program example
stored subprograms
calling
creating
packaged versus stand-alone
stored versus inline
STRING datatype
not supported for multibyte character strings
string host variables, declaring
struct pointers as host variables
structs, as host variables
structures
cannot be nested
nested structs not permitted for host structures
subqueries
definition of
example of
[
2
]
uses for
using in the SET clause
using in the VALUES clause
syntax checking
controlling with the SQLCHECK option
definition of
syntax diagram
description of
how to read
how to use
symbols used in
syntax, embedded SQL
[
2
]
SYS_INCLUDE, precompiler option
[
2
]
system configuration file
system failure, effect on transactions
System Global Area (SGA)
system header files, specifying the location of
system-specific Oracle documentation
[
2
] [
3
] [
4
] [
5
] [
6
] [
7
] [
8
] [
9
] [
10
]
system-specific reference
[
2
] [
3
] [
4
] [
5
] [
6
] [
7
] [
8
] [
9
] [
10
] [
11
] [
12
] [
13
]
T variable in SQLDA
how value is set
purpose of
table locks
acquiring with LOCK TABLE
effect of
exclusive
row share
when released
tables
inserting rows into
updating rows in
terminal, encoding scheme
termination, program, normal versus abnormal
TEST, precompiler option
thread
[
2
] [
3
] [
4
]
threads, allocating context
[
2
]
enabling
[
2
]
freeing context
[
2
]
precompiler option
[
2
]
use context
[
2
]
TO clause, of ROLLBACK command
TO SAVEPOINT clause
in ROLLBACK statement
purpose of
restriction on
Toolset, Oracle
trace facility
function of
using to improve performance
transaction processing monitor
transaction processing
overview of
statements used for
transactions
committing
contents of
[
2
]
definition of
description of
distributed
failure during
guarding databases with
guidelines for
how to begin
how to end
making permanent
read-only
rolling back
[
2
]
subdividing with savepoints
terminating
undoing
undoing parts of
when rolled back automatically
when rolled back automatically
truncated values, detecting
[
2
]
truncation error, when generated
tuning, performance
two-task, linking
TYPE command
examples
TYPE statement, REFERENCE clause in
unconditional deletion, definition of
undo a transaction
unions
cannot be nested in host structures
cannot be used as host variables
not permitted as host structures
UNIX, linking a Pro*C application under
UNSAFE_NULL option
UNSAFE_NULL, precompiler option
[
2
] [
3
]
UNSIGNED datatype
UPDATE CASCADE
UPDATE command
embedded SQL examples
UPDATE statement
example of
purpose of
SET clause in
using host arrays in
using the sqlerrd[2] component with
WHERE clause in
updating, rows in tables and views
upgrading, an application to Pro*C 2.1
user configuration file
user exits
calling from a SQL*Forms trigger
common uses for
example of
guidelines for
kinds of statements allowed in
linking into IAP
meaning of codes returned by
naming
passing parameters to
requirements for variables in
running the GENXTB form
running the GENXTB utility for
steps in developing
use of IAF GET statements in
use of IAF PUT statements in
use of WHENEVER statement in
user session, definition of
user-defined type equivalencing
user-defined record
user-defined stored function, used in WHERE clause
USERID option
using with the SQLCHECK option
when required
USERID, precompiler option
username, defining
use, thread context
[
2
]
USING clause
in CONNECT statement
in the EXECUTE statement
of FETCH command
of OPEN command
[
2
]
purpose of
using indicator variables in
using dbstring, SQL*Net database id specification
V variable in SQLDA
how value is set
purpose of
V6_CHAR, value of DBMS option
V6, value of DBMS option
V7, value of DBMS option
VALUES clause
in INSERT statements
kinds of values allowed in
of embedded SQL INSERT command
of INSERT command
purpose of
requirements for
use of subqueries in
VAR command
examples
VAR statement, syntax for
[
2
]
VARCHAR datatype
VARCHAR pseudotype, requirements for using with PL/SQL
VARCHAR variables
advantages of
declaring
for multibyte character strings
how Oracle handles
[
2
]
length member in
maximum length of
must be passed to a function by reference
referencing
specifying the length of
structure of
using as input host variables
using as output host variables
using macros to define length of
versus character arrays
VARCHAR2 datatype
[
2
]
VARCHAR
arrays of
precompiler option
variables
cursor
VARNUM datatype
VARRAW datatype
vertical bar
views
inserting rows into
updating rows in
VMS, linking a precompiler application
warning flags, use in error reporting
WHENEVER command
examples
WHENEVER statement
automatic checking of SQLCA with
CONTINUE action in
DO action in
examples of
GOTO action in
guidelines for
maintaining addressability for
NOT FOUND condition in
overview of
scope of
SQLERROR condition in
SQLWARNING condition in
STOP action in
use in user exits
using to avoid infinite loops
using to handle end-of-data conditions
where to place
WHERE clause
host arrays in
if omitted
in DELETE statements
in SELECT statements
in UPDATE statements
of DELETE command
of UPDATE command
purpose of
search condition in
WHERE CURRENT OF clause, CURRENT OF clause
WORK option
of ROLLBACK command
of COMMIT command
X variable in SQLDA
how value is set
purpose of
X/Open
application development
XA interface
XREF, precompiler option
Y variable in SQLDA
how value is set
purpose of
Z variable in SQLDA
how value is set
purpose of