Programmer's Guide to the Pro*C/C++ Precompiler | ![]() Library |
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An important feature of this Guide is its emphasis on getting the most out of Pro*C/C++ and embedded SQL. To help you master these tools, this Guide shows you all the ``tricks of the trade" including ways to improve program performance. It also includes many program examples to better your understanding and demonstrate the usefulness of embedded SQL and embedded PL/SQL.
Note: You will not find installation instructions or other system-specific information in this Guide; refer to your system-specific Oracle documentation.
Chapter 2: Learning the Basics This chapter explains how embedded SQL programs do their work. You examine the special environment in which they operate, the impact of this environment on the design of your applications, the key concepts of embedded SQL programming, and the steps you take in developing an application.
Chapter 3: Developing a Pro*C/C++ Application This chapter gives you the basic information you need to develop a Pro*C/C++ application. You learn the embedded SQL commands that declare variables and connect to an Oracle database. You also learn about the Oracle datatypes, National Language Support (NLS), data conversion, and how to take advantage of datatype equivalencing. In addition, this chapter shows you how to embed Oracle Call Interface (OCI) calls in your program and how to develop X/Open applications.
Chapter 4: Using Embedded SQL This chapter teaches you the essentials of embedded SQL programming. You learn how to use host variables, indicator variables, cursors, cursor variables, and the fundamental SQL commands that insert, update, select, and delete Oracle data.
Chapter 5: Using Embedded PL/SQL This chapter shows you how to improve performance by embedding PL/SQL transaction processing blocks in your program. You learn how to use PL/SQL with host variables, indicator variables, cursors, stored procedures, host arrays, and dynamic SQL.
Chapter 6: Using C++ This chapter describes how to precompile your C++ application, and lists three sample Pro*C/C++ programs written using C++.
Chapter 7: Running the Pro*C/C++ Precompiler This chapter details the requirements for running the Oracle Pro*C/C++ Precompiler. You learn what happens during precompilation, how to issue the precompiler command, and how to specify the many useful precompiler options.
Chapter 8: Defining and Controlling Transactions This chapter describes transaction processing. You learn the basic techniques that safeguard the consistency of your database.
Chapter 9: Handling Runtime Errors This chapter discusses error reporting and recovery. It shows you how to use the SQLSTATE and SQLCODE status variables with the WHENEVER statement to detect errors and status changes. It also shows you how to use the SQLCA and ORACA to detect error conditions and diagnose problems.
Chapter 10: Using Host Arrays This chapter looks at using arrays to improve program performance. You learn how to manipulate Oracle data using arrays, how to operate on all the elements of an array with a single SQL statement, and how to limit the number of array elements processed.
Chapter 11: Using Dynamic SQL This chapter shows you how to take advantage of dynamic SQL. You are taught three methods--from simple to complex--for writing flexible programs that, among other things, let users build SQL statements interactively at run time.
Chapter 12: Implementing Dynamic SQL Method 4 This chapter gives you an in-depth explanation of Dynamic SQL Method 4--dynamic SQL using descriptors. With this technique, your application can process and execute any SQL statement at runtime.
Chapter 13: Writing User Exits This chapter focuses on writing user exits for Oracle Tools applications. You learn about the commands that are used to interface between a forms application and a Pro*C/C++ user exit, and how to write and link a forms user exit.
Appendix A: New Features This appendix highlights the improvements and new features introduced with release 2.2 of the Pro*C/C++ Precompiler.
Appendix B: Oracle Reserved Words, Keywords, and Namespaces This appendix lists words that have a special meaning to Oracle and namespaces that are reserved for Oracle libraries.
Appendix C: Performance Tuning This appendix shows you some simple, easy-to-apply methods for improving the performance of your applications.
Appendix D: Syntactic and Semantic Checking This appendix shows you how to use the SQLCHECK option to control the type and extent of syntactic and semantic checking done on embedded SQL statements and PL/SQL blocks.
Appendix E: System-Specific References This appendix documents the aspects of Pro*C/C++ that can be system-specific.
Appendix F: Embedded SQL Commands and Directives This appendix contains descriptions of precompiler directives, embedded SQL commands, and Oracle embedded SQL extensions.
[ ]
Square brackets enclose optional items in syntax descriptions.
< >
Angle brackets enclose the name of a syntactic element in syntax descriptions.
{ }
Braces enclose items, only one of which is required.
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A vertical bar separates options within brackets or braces.
. .
Two dots separate the lowest and highest values in a range.
. . .
An ellipsis shows that the preceding parameter can be repeated or that statements or clauses irrelevant to the discussion were left out.
A conforming SQL implementation must support at least Entry SQL. The Oracle Pro*C/C++ Precompiler does conform to Entry SQL92.
NIST standard FIPS PUB 127-1, which applies to RDBMS software acquired for federal use, also adopts the ANSI standards. In addition, it specifies minimum sizing parameters for database constructs and requires a "FIPS Flagger" to identify ANSI extensions.
For copies of the ANSI standards, write to
American National Standards Institute
1430 Broadway
New York, NY 10018
USA
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