Contents

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List of Examples

List of Figures

List of Tables

Title and Copyright Information

Preface

• Audience
• Documentation Accessibility
• Related Documents
• Conventions

What's New in This Guide?

• New Features for Release 11g

Part I Understanding Secure Proxy Caching and Load Balancing

1 Understanding Reverse Proxying

• 1.1 About the Web Tier
  • 1.1.1 Reverse Proxying
• 1.2 Request Flow in Web Tier
  • 1.2.1 HTTP Traffic Management
  • 1.2.2 Request Filtering and Routing
  • 1.2.3 Origin Server Load Balancing and Failover
  • 1.2.4 Caching
  • 1.2.5 Compression
  • 1.2.6 Session Binding
• 1.3 Compatibility with Oracle Fusion Middleware Components

Part II Basic Administration

2 Getting Started with Administering Oracle Web Cache

• 2.1 About Oracle Web Cache Management Tools
• 2.2 About Site Configuration
• 2.3 About Resource Limits in Oracle Web Cache Management
  • 2.3.1 Cache Memory Limit
  • 2.3.2 Maximum Incoming Connections
  • 2.3.3 Maximum Size of Single Cached Object
  • 2.3.4 Network Timeouts
• 2.4 About Oracle Web Cache Ports
• 2.5 About IP Addresses
• 2.6 Getting Started with Managing Oracle Web Cache with Oracle Enterprise Manager Fusion Middleware Control Console
  • 2.6.1 Logging into Fusion Middleware Control
  • 2.6.2 Navigating to Oracle Web Cache Administration Pages
  • 2.6.3 Understanding Statistics on the Web Cache Home Page
  • 2.6.4 Using the Fusion Middleware Control Help
• 2.7 Getting Started with Managing Oracle Web Cache with Oracle Web Cache Manager
  • 2.7.1 Starting Oracle Web Cache Manager
  • 2.7.2 Navigating Oracle Web Cache Manager
  • 2.7.3 Understanding the Cache Operations Page
• 2.8 Getting Started with Managing Oracle Web Cache with Oracle Process Manager and Notification (OPMN)
• 2.9 Basic Tasks for Configuring and Managing Oracle Web Cache
• 2.10 Adding an Oracle Web Cache System Component to an Environment
• 2.11 Specifying Properties for an Oracle Web Cache System Component
  • 2.11.1 Task 1: Configure Port Configuration for Oracle Web Cache
    • 2.11.1.1 Verifying Port Configuration for Oracle Web Cache with Fusion Middleware Control
    • 2.11.1.2 Verifying Port Configuration for Oracle Web Cache with OPMN
    • 2.11.1.3 Adding an Oracle Web Cache Listening Port
    • 2.11.1.4 Modifying Oracle Web Cache Operation Ports
  • 2.11.2 Task 2: Specify Origin Server Settings
  • 2.11.3 Task 3: Specify Site Definitions
    • 2.11.3.1 Disabling Compression for All Responses
  • 2.11.4 Task 4: Map Site Definitions to Origin Servers
  • 2.11.5 Task 5: Set Resource Limits and Network Thresholds
  • 2.11.6 Task 6: Configure Error Pages
  • 2.11.7 Task 7: Restart Oracle Web Cache
• 2.12 Creating Session Definitions
• 2.13 Starting and Stopping Oracle Web Cache
  • 2.13.1 Starting and Stopping Using opmnctl
  • 2.13.2 Starting and Stopping Using the Fusion Middleware Control
  • 2.13.3 Starting and Stopping Using Oracle Web Cache Manager

3 Configuring High Availability Solutions

• 3.1 Overview of Origin Server Load Balancing and Failover
  • 3.1.1 Surge Protection
  • 3.1.2 Stateless Load Balancing
  • 3.1.3 Backend Failover
• 3.2 Overview of Session Binding
• 3.3 Overview of Cache Clusters
• 3.4 Overview of High Availability without a Hardware Load Balancer
  • 3.4.1 Oracle Web Cache Solely as a Software Load Balancer or Reverse Proxy
  • 3.4.2 Operating System Load Balancing Support
• 3.5 Configuring Session Binding
• 3.6 Configuring a Cache Cluster for Caches Using the Same Oracle WebLogic Server
  • 3.6.1 Configuration Prerequisites
  • 3.6.2 Understanding Failover Threshold and Capacity Settings
    • 3.6.2.1 Failover Threshold for the Cache Cluster
    • 3.6.2.2 Capacity for Cache Cluster Members
  • 3.6.3 Task 1: Add Caches to the Cluster and Configure Properties
  • 3.6.4 Task 2: Enable Tracking of Session Binding
  • 3.6.5 Task 3: Synchronize the Configuration to Cluster Members
  • 3.6.6 Removing a Cache Member from a Cluster
  • 3.6.7 Configuring Administration and Invalidation-Only Clusters
• 3.7 Configuring a Cache Cluster for Unassociated Caches or Caches Using Different Oracle WebLogic Servers
  • 3.7.1 Task 1: Configure Cache Cluster Settings
  • 3.7.2 Task 2: Add Caches to the Cluster
  • 3.7.3 Task 3: Enable Tracking of Session Binding
  • 3.7.4 Task 4: Synchronize the Configuration to Cluster Members
  • 3.7.5 Removing Caches from a Cluster
  • 3.7.6 Configuring Administration and Invalidation-Only Clusters
• 3.8 Configuring Oracle Web Cache as a Software Load Balancer
• 3.9 Configuring Microsoft Windows Network Load Balancing

4 Configuring Request Filtering

• 4.1 Introduction to Request Filtering
• 4.2 Types of Request Filters
• 4.3 About Learned Rules
• 4.4 About the Monitor Only Mode
• 4.5 Configuring Rules for the Privileged IP Filter
• 4.6 Configuring Rules for the Client IP Request Filter
• 4.7 Configuring Rules for the Method Request Filter
• 4.8 Configuring Rules for the URL Request Filter
• 4.9 Configuring Rules for the Header Request Filter
• 4.10 Configuring Rules for the Query String Request Filter
• 4.11 Configuring Rules for the Format Request Filter
• 4.12 Deleting Rules for a Request Filter
• 4.13 Monitoring Statistics for Request Filter Types and Rules
• 4.14 Reducing Time to Configure Request Filters
  • 4.14.1 Activating Learned Rules for the Method and URL Request Filters
  • 4.14.2 Copying Rules from a Source Site to a Target Site
  • 4.14.3 Reverting Configuration Settings

5 Configuring Security

• 5.1 Introduction to Security in Oracle Web Cache
  • 5.1.1 Oracle Web Cache Security Model
    • 5.1.1.1 Restricted Administration
    • 5.1.1.2 Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
      • 5.1.1.2.1 Certificate Authority
      • 5.1.1.2.2 Certificate
      • 5.1.1.2.3 Wallet
      • 5.1.1.2.4 How SSL Works
    • 5.1.1.3 SSL Acceleration
  • 5.1.2 Resources Protected
  • 5.1.3 Authorization and Access Enforcement
  • 5.1.4 Leveraging Oracle Identity Management Infrastructure
    • 5.1.4.1 About Caching Content from Oracle Single Sign-On Servers
    • 5.1.4.2 About Caching Oracle Single Sign-On Partner Applications (mod_osso)
    • 5.1.4.3 About Authentication through Oracle Single Sign-On
• 5.2 Configuring Password Security
• 5.3 Configuring Access Control
• 5.4 Configuring Oracle Web Cache for HTTPS Requests
  • 5.4.1 Task 1: Create Wallets
  • 5.4.2 Task 2: Configure an HTTPS Listening Port
  • 5.4.3 Task 3: Configure SSL Settings for Oracle Web Cache Connections to Origin Servers
  • 5.4.4 Task 4: Configure a Site to Require HTTPS Requests
    • 5.4.4.1 Modify ssl.conf for Keep-Alive Connections
  • 5.4.5 Task 5: Restart Oracle Web Cache
• 5.5 Additional HTTPS Configuration
  • 5.5.1 Configuring HTTPS Operation Ports
  • 5.5.2 Requiring Client-Side Certificates
    • 5.5.2.1 Configuring Client-Side Certificate Settings for the HTTPS Listening Ports
    • 5.5.2.2 Configuring Client-Side Certificate Settings for Cache Clusters
    • 5.5.2.3 Configuring Client-Side Certificate Settings for a Site
  • 5.5.3 Configuring Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs)
• 5.6 Configuring HTTP Request Header Size
• 5.7 Ensuring That ClientIP Headers Are Valid
• 5.8 Configuring Support for Caching Secured Content
• 5.9 Running webcached with Root Privilege
  • 5.9.1 Configuring Process Identity
  • 5.9.2 Configuring Root Privilege for Privileged Ports and More than 1,024 File Descriptors
  • 5.9.3 Configuring Root Privilege for the Current User
  • 5.9.4 Reverting Permissions Back to Installation State
• 5.10 Script for Setting File Permissions on UNIX

6 Caching and Compressing Content

• 6.1 About Cache Population
• 6.2 About Cache Consistency
  • 6.2.1 Expiration
  • 6.2.2 HTTP Cache Validation
  • 6.2.3 Invalidation
• 6.3 About Caching Decisions
• 6.4 Introduction to Creating Caching Rules
• 6.5 Introduction to Configuring Advanced Settings
  • 6.5.1 Caching for Objects with Multiple Versions
  • 6.5.2 Caching for Objects with Embedded URL and POST Body Parameters
  • 6.5.3 Caching Error Responses
  • 6.5.4 Caching for Objects with Sessions
  • 6.5.5 Caching for Objects with Session-Encoded URLs
• 6.6 Basic Tasks for Configuring and Monitoring Caching Rules
• 6.7 Configuring Expiration Policies
• 6.8 Configuring and Monitoring Caching Rules
  • 6.8.1 Configuring General Rule Settings
    • 6.8.1.1 Regular Expression Parameters
  • 6.8.2 Configuring Settings for Rules with Multiple Versions of the Same Object
  • 6.8.3 Excluding the Value of Embedded URL or POST Body Parameters
  • 6.8.4 Recognizing Similar Browser Types for Multiple-Version Objects Containing HTTP Request Headers
  • 6.8.5 Configuring Error Responses for Rules
  • 6.8.6 Configuring Session Caching Rules
  • 6.8.7 Configuring Support for Session-Encoded URLs
  • 6.8.8 Configuring Rules for Popular Pages with Session Establishment
• 6.9 Monitoring Summary Settings for Caching Rules
• 6.10 Using the Surrogate-Control Response Header as an Alternative to Caching Rules
  • 6.10.1 Surrogate-Control Response-Header Field

7 Invalidating Content

• 7.1 Overview of Invalidation
• 7.2 About Out-of-Band Invalidations
• 7.3 About ESI Inline Invalidations
• 7.4 About Response Header Invalidations
• 7.5 Format of Invalidation Requests for Out-of-Band and ESI Inline Mechanisms
  • 7.5.1 Invalidation Request Syntax
  • 7.5.2 Invalidation Response Syntax
  • 7.5.3 Invalidation Preview Request Syntax
  • 7.5.4 Invalidation Preview Response Syntax
  • 7.5.5 Invalidation Examples
    • 7.5.5.1 Example: Invalidating One Object
    • 7.5.5.2 Example: Invalidating Multiple Objects
    • 7.5.5.3 Example: Invalidating a Subtree of Objects
    • 7.5.5.4 Example: Invalidating All Objects for a Web Site
    • 7.5.5.5 Example: Invalidating Objects Using Prefix Matching
    • 7.5.5.6 Example: Invalidating Objects Using Substring and Query String Matching
    • 7.5.5.7 Example: Invalidating Objects Using Search Key Matching
    • 7.5.5.8 Example: Propagating Invalidation Requests Throughout a Cache Cluster
    • 7.5.5.9 Example: Previewing Invalidation
• 7.6 About Search Keys in Invalidations
• 7.7 Initiating Out-of-Band Invalidations
  • 7.7.1 Using Telnet to Send Invalidation Requests
  • 7.7.2 Using Oracle Web Cache Manager to Send Invalidation Requests
    • 7.7.2.1 Submitting Basic Invalidation Requests
    • 7.7.2.2 Submitting Advanced Invalidation Requests
  • 7.7.3 Using Application Program Interfaces (APIs) for Automated Invalidation Requests
  • 7.7.4 Using Database Triggers for Automated Invalidation Requests
  • 7.7.5 Using Scripts for Automated Invalidations
• 7.8 Enabling Response-Header Invalidation
  • 7.8.1 Example Usage
    • 7.8.1.1 Basic URI Invalidation
    • 7.8.1.2 Directory URI Invalidation
    • 7.8.1.3 Asychronous Invalidation
    • 7.8.1.4 Search Key Invalidation with Explicit URI
    • 7.8.1.5 Search Key Invalidation with Implicit URI
    • 7.8.1.6 Multiple Invalidation Directives
    • 7.8.1.7 Mixing Commas and Semicolons
    • 7.8.1.8 Multiple Invalidation Response Headers
• 7.9 Enabling Search Keys for Invalidations
• 7.10 Security Considerations
  • 7.10.1 About the invalidator account
  • 7.10.2 Propagation of Invalidation Messages
    • 7.10.2.1 Invalidation in Cache Clusters
    • 7.10.2.2 Invalidation in Hierarchies

8 Using Diagnostic Features

• 8.1 Introduction to Diagnostic Solutions
• 8.2 Introduction to Listing Popular Requests and Cache Contents
• 8.3 Introduction to Displaying Diagnostic and Event Log Information in the HTML Body or Server Response-Header Field
• 8.4 Viewing General and Detailed Statistics
• 8.5 Viewing Configuration Statistics
• 8.6 Listing Popular Requests
• 8.7 Listing Cache Contents to a File
• 8.8 Configuring Where to Display Diagnostic Information

9 Logging

• 9.1 Introduction to Event Logs
  • 9.1.1 Event Logging Formats
    • 9.1.1.1 Oracle Diagnostics Logging Text and XML Formats
    • 9.1.1.2 Oracle Web Cache Classic Format
    • 9.1.1.3 Request Details in Message 9720
    • 9.1.1.4 About the Oracle-ECID Request-Header Field
  • 9.1.2 Event Log Examples
    • 9.1.2.1 Example: Event Log with Unsuccessful Startup Entries
    • 9.1.2.2 Example: Event Log with Shutdown Entries
    • 9.1.2.3 Example: Event Log with Cache Miss and Cache Hit Entries
    • 9.1.2.4 Example: Event Log with an Invalidation Entry
    • 9.1.2.5 Example: Analyzing ESI Events
• 9.2 Introduction to Access Logs
  • 9.2.1 Access Log Formats
    • 9.2.1.1 Common Log Format (CLF)
    • 9.2.1.2 Enhanced CLF (ECLF)
    • 9.2.1.3 Combined Log Format
    • 9.2.1.4 Enhanced Combined Log Format
    • 9.2.1.5 End-User Performance Monitoring Format
  • 9.2.2 Access Log Fields
    • 9.2.2.1 cs(header_name) and sc(header_name) Access Log Fields
  • 9.2.3 Access Log Examples
    • 9.2.3.1 Example: Access Log with Reload Entries
    • 9.2.3.2 Example: Access Log with Status Code 404 Entry
    • 9.2.3.3 Example: Access Log in Combined Format
    • 9.2.3.4 Example: Access Log with Site Information
    • 9.2.3.5 Example: Access Log with ESI Diagnostic Information
    • 9.2.3.6 Example: Access Log with ESI Log Information
• 9.3 Configuring Event Logs
• 9.4 Configuring Access Logs
• 9.5 Creating a Customized Access Log Format
• 9.6 Creating a Customized Access Log Rollover Policy
• 9.7 Viewing Event Logs and Access Logs
• 9.8 Rolling Over Event and Access Logs
• 9.9 Using Audit Logs

10 Configuring Common Deployment Scenarios

• 10.1 Using Oracle Web Cache In a Common Deployment
• 10.2 Using a Cache Hierarchy for a Global Intranet Application
• 10.3 Using Oracle Web Cache for High Availability Without a Hardware Load Balancer

Part III Advanced Administration

11 Caching Dynamic Content with ESI Language Tags

• 11.1 Introduction to ESI for Partial Page Caching
  • 11.1.1 ESI Features
    • 11.1.1.1 ESI for Java (JESI)
  • 11.1.2 ESI Language Elements in the Surrogate-Control Response Header
  • 11.1.3 About the Surrogate-Control Response Header and Surrogate-Capability Request Header for Cached Objects
  • 11.1.4 Syntax Rules
  • 11.1.5 Nesting Elements
  • 11.1.6 Variable Expressions
    • 11.1.6.1 Variable Usage
    • 11.1.6.2 Variable Default Values
    • 11.1.6.3 HTTP Request Variables
  • 11.1.7 Exceptions and Errors
  • 11.1.8 About Fragmentation with the Inline and Include Tags
    • 11.1.8.1 Using Inline for Non-Fetchable Fragmentation
    • 11.1.8.2 Using Inline for Fetchable Fragmentation
    • 11.1.8.3 Using Include for Fragmentation
    • 11.1.8.4 Selecting the Fragmentation Mechanism for Your Application
  • 11.1.9 Referer Request-Header Field
  • 11.1.10 Cookie Management for Template Pages and Fragments
• 11.2 Enabling Dynamic Assembly of Content and Partial Page Caching
  • 11.2.1 Enabling Partial Page Caching
  • 11.2.2 Using ESI for Simple Personalization
  • 11.2.3 Examples of ESI Usage
    • 11.2.3.1 Example of a Portal Site Implementation
      • 11.2.3.1.1 Portal Example Using inline Tags
      • 11.2.3.1.2 Portal Example Using Include Tags
    • 11.2.3.2 Example of Simple Personalization with Variable Expressions
• 11.3 Using Inline Invalidation in HTTP Responses
  • 11.3.1 Example: Using Inline Invalidation
• 11.4 ESI Tag Descriptions
  • 11.4.1 ESI choose | when | otherwise Tags
    • 11.4.1.1 Syntax
    • 11.4.1.2 Attributes
    • 11.4.1.3 Usage
    • 11.4.1.4 Boolean Expressions
    • 11.4.1.5 Statements
    • 11.4.1.6 Example
  • 11.4.2 ESI comment Tag
    • 11.4.2.1 Syntax
    • 11.4.2.2 Usage
    • 11.4.2.3 Example
  • 11.4.3 ESI environment Tag
    • 11.4.3.1 Syntax
    • 11.4.3.2 Attributes
    • 11.4.3.3 Elements
    • 11.4.3.4 Syntax Usage
    • 11.4.3.5 Example
  • 11.4.4 ESI include Tag
    • 11.4.4.1 Syntax
    • 11.4.4.2 Attributes
    • 11.4.4.3 Elements
    • 11.4.4.4 Syntax Usage
    • 11.4.4.5 Usage
    • 11.4.4.6 Examples
  • 11.4.5 ESI inline Tag
    • 11.4.5.1 Syntax
    • 11.4.5.2 Attributes
    • 11.4.5.3 Usage
    • 11.4.5.4 Example
  • 11.4.6 ESI invalidate Tag
    • 11.4.6.1 Syntax
    • 11.4.6.2 Attributes
    • 11.4.6.3 Usage
    • 11.4.6.4 Example
  • 11.4.7 ESI remove Tag
    • 11.4.7.1 Syntax
    • 11.4.7.2 Usage
    • 11.4.7.3 Example
  • 11.4.8 ESI try | attempt | except Tags
    • 11.4.8.1 Syntax
    • 11.4.8.2 Usage
    • 11.4.8.3 Example
  • 11.4.9 ESI vars Tag
    • 11.4.9.1 Syntax
    • 11.4.9.2 Syntax Usage
    • 11.4.9.3 Usage
    • 11.4.9.4 Example
  • 11.4.10 ESI <!--esi-->Tag
    • 11.4.10.1 Syntax
    • 11.4.10.2 Usage
    • 11.4.10.3 Example

12 Caching with Third-Party Application Servers

• 12.1 Introduction to Third-Party Application Servers
  • 12.1.1 Web Site Configuration
  • 12.1.2 Caching Rules and Expiration Rules
• 12.2 IBM WebSphere
  • 12.2.1 WebSphere Snoop Servlet
  • 12.2.2 WebSphere Calendar Creator JSP
• 12.3 Apache Tomcat
  • 12.3.1 Apache Tomcat Snoop JSP
  • 12.3.2 Apache Tomcat Session Servlet
• 12.4 Microsoft IIS
  • 12.4.1 ServerVariables_Jscript ASP
  • 12.4.2 Cookie_Jscript ASP

A Troubleshooting Oracle Web Cache

• A.1 Problems and Solutions
  • A.1.1 No Response from Application Web Server Error
  • A.1.2 Load Issues on Oracle Web Cache Computer
  • A.1.3 Performance Degradation and Memory
  • A.1.4 Invalidation Timeouts in a Cache Cluster
  • A.1.5 Capacity Issues on Origin Server
  • A.1.6 Browsers Not Receiving Complete Responses
  • A.1.7 Browser Presenting a Page Not Displayed Error
  • A.1.8 ESI Errors with IBM Websphere Application Server
  • A.1.9 XML Parsing Errors of webcache.xml Appears in Event Viewer
• A.2 Common Configuration Mistakes
• A.3 Diagnosing Cache Content Results
• A.4 Diagnosing Common Edge Side Includes (ESI) Syntax Errors
  • A.4.1 Template Syntax Error Example
  • A.4.2 Fragment Syntax Error Example
  • A.4.3 Fragment Syntax Error with Exception Handling Example
• A.5 Impact of HTTP Traffic Changes
• A.6 Need More Help?

Glossary

Index