The following sections explain how to get the most out of your applications by implementing the administrative performance tuning features available with WebLogic JMS:
Controlling the Flow of Messages on JMS Servers and Destinations
Using One-Way Message Sends For Improved Non-Persistent Messaging Performance
In prior releases, there were multiple levels of quotas: destinations had their own quotas and would also have to compete for quota within a JMS server. In this release, there is only one level of quota: destinations can have their own private quota or they can compete with other destinations using a shared quota.
In addition, a destination that defines its own quota no longer also shares space in the JMS server's quota. Although JMS servers still allow the direct configuration of message and byte quotas, these options are only used to provide quota for destinations that do not refer to a quota resource.
A quota is a named configurable JMS module resource. It defines a maximum number of messages and bytes, and is then associated with one or more destinations and is responsible for enforcing the defined maximums. Multiple destinations referring to the same quota share available quota according to the sharing policy for that quota resource.
Quota resources include the following configuration parameters:
| Attribute | Description |
|---|---|
|
Bytes Maximum and Messages Maximum |
The Messages Maximum/Bytes Maximum parameters for a quota resource defines the maximum number of messages and/or bytes allowed for that quota resource. No consideration is given to messages that are pending; that is, messages that are in-flight, delayed, or otherwise inhibited from delivery still count against the message and/or bytes quota. |
|
Quota Sharing |
The Shared parameter for a quota resource defines whether multiple destinations referring to the same quota resource compete for resources with each other. |
|
Quota Policy |
The Policy parameter defines how individual clients compete for quota when no quota is available. It affects the order in which send requests are unblocked when the Send Timeout feature is enabled on the connection factory, as described in Tuning for Large Messages. |
For more information about quota configuration parameters, see QuotaBean in the Oracle Fusion Middleware Oracle WebLogic Server MBean Reference. For instructions on configuring a quota resource using the Administration Console, see "Create a quota for destinations" in the Oracle Fusion Middleware Oracle WebLogic Server Administration Console Help.
Destinations no longer define byte and messages maximums for quota, but can use a quota resource that defines these values, along with quota policies on sharing and competition.
The Quota parameter of a destination defines which quota resource is used to enforce quota for the destination. This value is dynamic, so it can be changed at any time. However, if there are unsatisfied requests for quota when the quota resource is changed, then those requests will fail with a javax.jms.ResourceAllocationException.
Note:
Outstanding requests for quota will fail at such time that the quota resource is changed. This does not mean changes to the message and byte attributes for the quota resource, but when a destination switches to a different quota.In some cases, there will be destinations that do not configure quotas. JMS Server quotas allow JMS servers to limit the resources used by these quota-less destinations. All destinations that do not explicitly set a value for the Quota attribute share the quota of the JMS server where they are deployed. The behavior is exactly the same as if there were a special Quota resource defined for each JMS server with the Shared parameter enabled.
The interfaces for the JMS server quota are unchanged from prior releases. The JMS server quota is entirely controlled using methods on the JMSServerMBean. The quota policy for the JMS server quota is set by the Blocking Send Policy parameter on a JMS server, as explained in Specifying a Blocking Send Policy on JMS Servers. It behaves just like the Policy setting of any other quota.
Blocking producers during quota conditions (by defining a send timeout) can dramatically improve the performance of applications and benchmarks that continuously retry message sends on quota failures. The Send Timeout feature provides more control over message send operations by giving message produces the option of waiting a specified length of time until space becomes available on a destination. For example, if a producer makes a request and there is insufficient space, then the producer is blocked until space becomes available, or the operation times out. See Controlling the Flow of Messages on JMS Servers and Destinations for another method of flow control.
To use the Administration Console to define how long a JMS connection factory will block message requests when a destination exceeds its maximum quota.
Follow the directions for navigating to the JMS Connection Factory: Configuration: Flow Control page in "Configure message flow control" in the Oracle Fusion Middleware Oracle WebLogic Server Administration Console Help.
In the Send Timeout field, enter the amount of time, in milliseconds, a sender will block messages when there is insufficient space on the message destination. Once the specified waiting period ends, one of the following results will occur:
If sufficient space becomes available before the timeout period ends, the operation continues.
If sufficient space does not become available before the timeout period ends, you receive a resource allocation exception.
If you choose not to enable the blocking send policy by setting this value to 0, then you will receive a resource allocation exception whenever sufficient space is not available on the destination.
For more information about the Send Timeout field, see "JMS Connection Factory: Configuration: Flow Control" in the Oracle Fusion Middleware Oracle WebLogic Server Administration Console Help.
Click Save.
The Blocking Send policies enable you to define the JMS server's blocking behavior on whether to deliver smaller messages before larger ones when multiple message producers are competing for space on a destination that has exceeded its message quota.
To use the Administration Console to define how a JMS server will block message requests when its destinations are at maximum quota.
Follow the directions for navigating to the JMS Server: Configuration: Thresholds and Quotas page of the Administration Console in "Configure JMS server thresholds and quota" in Oracle Fusion Middleware Oracle WebLogic Server Administration Console Help.
From the Blocking Send Policy list box, select one of the following options:
FIFO — All send requests for the same destination are queued up one behind the other until space is available. No send request is permitted to complete when there another send request is waiting for space before it.
Preemptive — A send operation can preempt other blocking send operations if space is available. That is, if there is sufficient space for the current request, then that space is used even if there are previous requests waiting for space.
For more information about the Blocking Send Policy field, see "JMS Server: Configuration: Thresholds and Quota" in the Oracle Fusion Middleware Oracle WebLogic Server Administration Console Help.
Click Save.
The following sections provide information on how to improve JMS performance when handling large messages:
WebLogic JMS pipelines messages that are delivered to asynchronous consumers (otherwise known as message listeners) or prefetch-enabled synchronous consumers. This action aids performance because messages are aggregated when they are internally pushed from the server to the client. The messages backlog (the size of the pipeline) between the JMS server and the client is tunable by configuring the MessagesMaximum setting on the connection factory. See "Asynchronous Message Pipeline" in Oracle Fusion Middleware Programming JMS for Oracle WebLogic Server.
In some circumstances, tuning the MessagesMaximum parameter may improve performance dramatically, such as when the JMS application defers acknowledges or commits. In this case, Oracle suggests setting the MessagesMaximum value to:
2 * (ack or commit interval) + 1
For example, if the JMS application acknowledges 50 messages at a time, set the MessagesMaximum value to 101.
Tuning the MessagesMaximum value too high can cause:
Increased memory usage on the client.
Affinity to an existing client as its pipeline fills with messages. For example: If MessagesMaximum has a value of 10,000,000, the first consumer client to connect will get all messages that have already arrived at the destination. This condition leaves other consumers without any messages and creates an unnecessary backlog of messages in the first consumer that may cause the system to run out of memory.
Packet is too large exceptions and stalled consumers. If the aggregate size of the messages pushed to a consumer is larger than the current protocol's maximum message size (default size is 10 MB and is configured on a per WebLogic Server instance basis using the console and on a per client basis using the -Dweblogic.MaxMessageSize command line property), the message delivery fails.
You may need to configure WebLogic clients in addition to the WebLogic Server instance, when sending and receiving large messages. To set the maximum message size on a client, use the following command line property:
-Dweblogic.MaxMessageSize
Note:
This setting applies to all WebLogic Server network packets delivered to the client, not just JMS related packets.A message compression threshold can be set programmatically using a JMS API extension to the WLMessageProducer interface, or administratively by either specifying a Default Compression Threshold value on a connection factory or on a JMS SAF remote context. Compressed messages may actually inadvertently affect destination quotas since some message types actually grow larger when compressed
For instructions on configuring default compression thresholds using the Administration Console, see:
Connection factories — "Configure default delivery parameters" in the Oracle Fusion Middleware Oracle WebLogic Server Administration Console Help.
Store-and-Forward (SAF) remote contexts — "Configure SAF remote contexts" in the Oracle Fusion Middleware Oracle WebLogic Server Administration Console Help.
Once configured, message compression is triggered on producers for client sends, on connection factories for message receives and message browsing, or through SAF forwarding. Messages are compressed using GZIP. Compression only occurs when message producers and consumers are located on separate server instances where messages must cross a JVM boundary, typically across a network connection when WebLogic domains reside on different machines. Decompression automatically occurs on the client side and only when the message content is accessed, except for the following situations:
Using message selectors on compressed XML messages can cause decompression, since the message body must be accessed in order to filter them. For more information on defining XML message selectors, see "Filtering Messages" in Oracle Fusion Middleware Programming JMS for Oracle WebLogic Server.
Interoperating with earlier versions of WebLogic Server can cause decompression. For example, when using the Messaging Bridge, messages are decompressed when sent from the current release of WebLogic Server to a receiving side that is an earlier version of WebLogic Server.
On the server side, messages always remains compressed, even when they are written to disk.
With the message paging feature, JMS servers automatically attempt to free up virtual memory during peak message load periods. This feature can greatly benefit applications with large message spaces. Message paging is always enabled on JMS servers, and so a message paging directory is automatically created without having to configure one. You can, however, specify a directory using the Paging Directory option, then paged-out messages are written to files in this directory.
JMS message paging saves memory for persistent messages, as even persistent messages cache their data in memory. If a JMS server is associated with a file store (either user-defined or the server's default store), paged persistent messages are generally written to that file store, while non-persistent messages are always written to the JMS server's paging directory. If a JMS server is associated with a JDBC store, then both paged persistent and non-persistent messages are always written to the JMS server's paging directory. See Best Practices When Using Persistent Stores.
However, a paged-out message does not free all of the memory that it consumes, since the message header with the exception of any user properties, which are paged out along with the message body, remains in memory for use with searching, sorting, and filtering. Queuing applications that use selectors to select paged messages may show severely degraded performance as the paged out messages must be paged back in. This does not apply to topics or to applications that select based only on message header fields (such as CorrelationID).
If a paging directory is not specified, then paged-out message bodies are written to the default \tmp directory inside the servername subdirectory of a domain's root directory. For example, if no directory name is specified for the default paging directory, it defaults to:
mw_home\user_projects\domains\domainname\servers\servername\tmp
where domainname is the root directory of your domain, typically c:\Oracle\Middleware\user_projects\domains\domainname, which is parallel to the directory in which WebLogic Server program files are stored, typically c:\Oracle\Middleware\wlserver_10.x.
The Message Buffer Size option specifies the amount of memory that will be used to store message bodies in memory before they are paged out to disk. The default value of Message Buffer Size is approximately one-third of the maximum heap size for the JVM, or a maximum of 512 megabytes. The larger this parameter is set, the more memory JMS will consume when many messages are waiting on queues or topics. Once this threshold is crossed, JMS may write message bodies to the directory specified by the Paging Directory option in an effort to reduce memory usage below this threshold.
It is important to remember that this parameter is not a quota. If the number of messages on the server passes the threshold, the server writes the messages to disk and evicts the messages from memory as fast as it can to reduce memory usage, but it will not stop accepting new messages. It is still possible to run out of memory if messages are arriving faster than they can be paged out. Users with high messaging loads who wish to support the highest possible availability should consider setting a quota, or setting a threshold and enabling flow control to reduce memory usage on the server.
With the Flow Control feature, you can direct a JMS server or destination to slow down message producers when it determines that it is becoming overloaded. See Compressing Messages.
The following sections describe how flow control feature works and how to configure flow control on a connection factory.
Specifically, when either a JMS server or it's destinations exceeds its specified byte or message threshold, it becomes armed and instructs producers to limit their message flow (messages per second).
Producers will limit their production rate based on a set of flow control attributes configured for producers via the JMS connection factory. Starting at a specified flow maximum number of messages, a producer evaluates whether the server/destination is still armed at prescribed intervals (for example, every 10 seconds for 60 seconds). If at each interval, the server/destination is still armed, then the producer continues to move its rate down to its prescribed flow minimum amount.
As producers slow themselves down, the threshold condition gradually corrects itself until the server/destination is unarmed. At this point, a producer is allowed to increase its production rate, but not necessarily to the maximum possible rate. In fact, its message flow continues to be controlled (even though the server/destination is no longer armed) until it reaches its prescribed flow maximum, at which point it is no longer flow controlled.
Producers receive a set of flow control attributes from their session, which receives the attributes from the connection, and which receives the attributes from the connection factory. These attributes allow the producer to adjust its message flow.
Specifically, the producer receives attributes that limit its flow within a minimum and maximum range. As conditions worsen, the producer moves toward the minimum; as conditions improve; the producer moves toward the maximum. Movement toward the minimum and maximum are defined by two additional attributes that specify the rate of movement toward the minimum and maximum. Also, the need for movement toward the minimum and maximum is evaluated at a configured interval.
Flow Control options are described in following table:
Table 13-2 Flow Control Parameters
| Attribute | Description |
|---|---|
|
Flow Control Enabled |
Determines whether a producer can be flow controlled by the JMS server. |
|
Flow Maximum |
The maximum number of messages per second for a producer that is experiencing a threshold condition. If a producer is not currently limiting its flow when a threshold condition is reached, the initial flow limit for that producer is set to Flow Maximum. If a producer is already limiting its flow when a threshold condition is reached (the flow limit is less than Flow Maximum), then the producer will continue at its current flow limit until the next time the flow is evaluated. Once a threshold condition has subsided, the producer is not permitted to ignore its flow limit. If its flow limit is less than the Flow Maximum, then the producer must gradually increase its flow to the Flow Maximum each time the flow is evaluated. When the producer finally reaches the Flow Maximum, it can then ignore its flow limit and send without limiting its flow. |
|
Flow Minimum |
The minimum number of messages per second for a producer that is experiencing a threshold condition. This is the lower boundary of a producer's flow limit. That is, WebLogic JMS will not further slow down a producer whose message flow limit is at its Flow Minimum. |
|
Flow Interval |
An adjustment period of time, defined in seconds, when a producer adjusts its flow from the Flow Maximum number of messages to the Flow Minimum amount, or vice versa. |
|
Flow Steps |
The number of steps used when a producer is adjusting its flow from the Flow Minimum amount of messages to the Flow Maximum amount, or vice versa. Specifically, the Flow Interval adjustment period is divided into the number of Flow Steps (for example, 60 seconds divided by 6 steps is 10 seconds per step). Also, the movement (that is, the rate of adjustment) is calculated by dividing the difference between the Flow Maximum and the Flow Minimum into steps. At each Flow Step, the flow is adjusted upward or downward, as necessary, based on the current conditions, as follows: The downward movement (the decay) is geometric over the specified period of time (Flow Interval) and according to the specified number of Flow Steps. (For example, 100, 50, 25, 12.5). The movement upward is linear. The difference is simply divided by the number of Flow Steps. |
For more information about the flow control fields, and the valid and default values for them, see "JMS Connection Factory: Configuration: Flow Control" in the Oracle Fusion Middleware Oracle WebLogic Server Administration Console Help.
The attributes used for configuring bytes/messages thresholds are defined as part of the JMS server and/or its destination. Table 13-2 defines how the upper and lower thresholds start and stop flow control on a JMS server and/or JMS destination.
Table 13-3 Flow Control Threshold Parameters
| Attribute | Description |
|---|---|
|
Bytes/Messages Threshold High |
When the number of bytes/messages exceeds this threshold, the JMS server/destination becomes armed and instructs producers to limit their message flow. |
|
Bytes/Messages Threshold Low |
When the number of bytes/messages falls below this threshold, the JMS server/destination becomes unarmed and instructs producers to begin increasing their message flow. Flow control is still in effect for producers that are below their message flow maximum. Producers can move their rate upward until they reach their flow maximum, at which point they are no longer flow controlled. |
For detailed information about other JMS server and destination threshold and quota fields, and the valid and default values for them, see the following pages in the Administration Console Online Help:
The following sections describe two message expiration features, the message Expiration Policy and the Active Expiration of message, which provide more control over how the system searches for expired messages and how it handles them when they are encountered.
Active message expiration ensures that expired messages are cleaned up immediately. Moreover, expired message auditing gives you the option of tracking expired messages, either by logging when a message expires or by redirecting expired messages to a defined error destination.
Use the message Expiration Policy feature to define an alternate action to take when messages expire. Using the Expiration Policy attribute on the Destinations node, an expiration policy can be set on a per destination basis. The Expiration Policy attribute defines the action that a destination should take when an expired message is encountered: discard the message, discard the message and log its removal, or redirect the message to an error destination.
Also, if you use JMS templates to configure multiple destinations, you can use the Expiration Policy field to quickly configure an expiration policy on all your destinations. To override a template's expiration policy for specific destinations, you can modify the expiration policy on any destination.
For instructions on configuring the Expiration Policy, click one of the following links:
Follow these directions if you are configuring an expiration policy on topics without using a JMS template. Expiration policies that are set on specific topics will override the settings defined on a JMS template.
Follow the directions for navigating to the JMS Topic: Configuration: Delivery Failure page in "Configure topic message delivery failure options" in the Oracle Fusion Middleware Oracle WebLogic Server Administration Console Help.
From the Expiration Policy list box, select an expiration policy option.
Discard — Expired messages are removed from the system. The removal is not logged and the message is not redirected to another location.
Log — Removes expired messages and writes an entry to the server log file indicating that the messages were removed from the system. You define the actual information that will be logged in the Expiration Logging Policy field in next step.
Redirect — Moves expired messages from their current location into the Error Destination defined for the topic.
For more information about the Expiration Policy options for a topic, see "JMS Topic: Configuration: Delivery Failure" in the Oracle Fusion Middleware Oracle WebLogic Server Administration Console Help.
If you selected the Log expiration policy in previous step, use the Expiration Logging Policy field to define what information about the message is logged.
For more information about valid Expiration Logging Policy values, see Defining an Expiration Logging Policy.
Click Save.
Follow these directions if you are configuring an expiration policy on queues without using a JMS template. Expiration policies that are set on specific queues will override the settings defined on a JMS template.
Follow the directions for navigating to the JMS Queue: Configuration: Delivery Failure page in "Configure queue message delivery failure options" in the Oracle Fusion Middleware Oracle WebLogic Server Administration Console Help.
From the Expiration Policy list box, select an expiration policy option.
Discard — Expired messages are removed from the system. The removal is not logged and the message is not redirected to another location.
Log — Removes expired messages from the queue and writes an entry to the server log file indicating that the messages were removed from the system. You define the actual information that will be logged in the Expiration Logging Policy field described in the next step.
Redirect — Moves expired messages from the queue and into the Error Destination defined for the queue.
For more information about the Expiration Policy options for a queue, see "JMS Queue: Configuration: Delivery Failure" in the Oracle Fusion Middleware Oracle WebLogic Server Administration Console Help.
If you selected the Log expiration policy in the previous step, use the Expiration Logging Policy field to define what information about the message is logged.
For more information about valid Expiration Logging Policy values, see Defining an Expiration Logging Policy.
Click Save
Since JMS templates provide an efficient way to define multiple destinations (topics or queues) with similar attribute settings, you can configure a message expiration policy on an existing template (or templates) for your destinations.
Follow the directions for navigating to the JMS Template: Configuration: Delivery Failure page in "Configure JMS template message delivery failure options" in the Oracle Fusion Middleware Oracle WebLogic Server Administration Console Help.
In the Expiration Policy list box, select an expiration policy option.
Discard — Expired messages are removed from the messaging system. The removal is not logged and the message is not redirected to another location.
Log — Removes expired messages and writes an entry to the server log file indicating that the messages were removed from the system. The actual information that is logged is defined by the Expiration Logging Policy field described in the next step.
Redirect — Moves expired messages from their current location into the Error Destination defined for the destination.
For more information about the Expiration Policy options for a template, see "JMS Template: Configuration: Delivery Failure" in the Oracle Fusion Middleware Oracle WebLogic Server Administration Console Help.
If you selected the Log expiration policy in Step 4, use the Expiration Logging Policy field to define what information about the message is logged.
For more information about valid Expiration Logging Policy values, see Defining an Expiration Logging Policy.
Click Save.
The following section provides information on the expiration policy.
The Expiration Logging Policy parameter has been deprecated in this release of WebLogic Server. In its place, Oracle recommends using the Message Life Cycle Logging feature, which provide a more comprehensive view of the basic events that JMS messages will traverse through once they are accepted by a JMS server, including detailed message expiration data. For more information about message life cycle logging options, see "Message Life Cycle Logging" in Oracle Fusion Middleware Configuring and Managing JMS for Oracle WebLogic Server.
For example, you could specify one of the following values:
JMSPriority, Name, Address, City, State, Zip
%header%, Name, Address, City, State, Zip
JMSCorrelationID, %properties%
The JMSMessageID field is always logged and cannot be turned off. Therefore, if the Expiration Policy is not defined (that is, none) or is defined as an empty string, then the output to the log file contains only the JMSMessageID of the message.
When an expired message is logged, the text portion of the message (not including timestamps, severity, thread information, security identity, etc.) conforms to the following format:
<ExpiredJMSMessage JMSMessageId='$MESSAGEID' > <HeaderFields Field1='Value1' [Field2='Value2'] … ] /> <UserProperties Property1='Value1' [Property='Value2'] … ] /> </ExpiredJMSMessage>
where $MESSAGEID is the exact string returned by Message.getJMSMessageID().
For example:
<ExpiredJMSMessage JMSMessageID='ID:P<851839.1022176920343.0' > <HeaderFields JMSPriority='7' JMSRedelivered='false' /> <UserProperties Make='Honda' Model='Civic' Color='White'Weight='2680' /> </ExpiredJMSMessage>
If no header fields are displayed, the line for header fields is not be displayed. If no user properties are displayed, that line is not be displayed. If there are no header fields and no properties, the closing </ExpiredJMSMessage> tag is not necessary as the opening tag can be terminated with a closing bracket (/>).
For example:
<ExpiredJMSMessage JMSMessageID='ID:N<223476.1022177121567.1' />
All values are delimited with double quotes. All string values are limited to 32 characters in length. Requested fields and/or properties that do not exist are not displayed. Requested fields and/or properties that exist but have no value (a null value) are displayed as null (without single quotes). Requested fields and/or properties that are empty strings are displayed as a pair of single quotes with no space between them.
For example:
<ExpiredJMSMessage JMSMessageID='ID:N<851839.1022176920344.0' > <UserProperties First='Any string longer than 32 char ...' Second=null Third='' /> </ExpiredJMSMessage>
Use the Active Expiration feature to define the timeliness in which expired messages are removed from the destination to which they were sent or published. Messages are not necessarily removed from the system at their expiration time, but they are removed within a user-defined number of seconds. The smaller the window, the closer the message removal is to the actual expiration time.
Follow these directions to define how often a JMS server will actively scan its destinations for expired messages. The default value is 30 seconds, which means the JMS server waits 30 seconds between each scan interval.
Follow the directions for navigating to the JMS Server: Configuration: General page of the Administration Console in "Configure general JMS server properties" in the Oracle Fusion Middleware Oracle WebLogic Server Administration Console Help.
In the Scan Expiration Interval field, enter the amount of time, in seconds, that you want the JMS server to pause between its cycles of scanning its destinations for expired messages to process.
To disable active scanning, enter a value of 0 seconds. Expired messages are passively removed from the system as they are discovered.
For more information about the Expiration Scan Interval attribute, see "JMS Server: Configuration: General" in the Oracle Fusion Middleware Oracle WebLogic Server Administration Console Help.
Click Save.
There are a number of design choices that impact performance of JMS applications. Some others include reliability, scalability, manageability, monitoring, user transactions, message driven bean support, and integration with an application server. In addition, there are WebLogic JMS extensions and features have a direct impact on performance.
For more information on designing your applications for JMS, see "Best Practices for Application Design" in Oracle Fusion Middleware Programming JMS for Oracle WebLogic Server.
Message Unit-of-Order is a WebLogic Server value-added feature that enables a stand-alone message producer, or a group of producers acting as one, to group messages into a single unit with respect to the processing order (a sub-ordering). This single unit is called a Unit-of-Order (or UOO) and requires that all messages from that unit be processed sequentially in the order they were created. UOO replaces the following complex design patterns:
A dedicated consumer with a unique selector per each sub-ordering
A new destination per sub-ordering, one consumer per destination.
See "Using Message Unit-of-Order" in Oracle Fusion Middleware Programming JMS for Oracle WebLogic Server.
The following sections provide best practice information when using UOO:
Ideal for applications that have strict message ordering requirements. UOO simplifies administration and application design, and in most applications improves performance.
Use MDB batching to:
Speed-up processing of the messages within a single sub-ordering.
Consume multiple messages at a time under the same transaction.
You can configure a default UOO for the destination. Only one consumer on the destination processes messages for the default UOO at a time.
To ensure strict ordering when using distributed destinations, each different UOO is pinned to a specific physical destination instance. There are two options for automatically determining the correct physical destination for a given UOO:
Hashing – Is generally faster and the UOO setting. Hashing works by using a hash function on the UOO name to determine the physical destination. It has the following drawbacks:
It doesn't correctly handle the administrative deleting or adding physical destinations to a distributed destination.
If a UOO hashes to an unavailable destination, the message send fails.
Path Service – Is a single server UOO directory service that maps the physical destination for each UOO. The Path Service is generally slower than hashing if there are many differently named UOO created per second. In this situation, each new UOO name implicitly forces a check of the path service before sending the message. If the number of UOOs created per second is limited, Path Service performance is not an issue as the UOO paths are cached throughout the cluster.
For releases prior to WebLogic Server 9.0, applications that had strict message ordering requirements were required to do the following:
Use a single physical destination with a single consumer
Ensure the maximum asynchronous consumer message backlog (The MessagesMaximum parameter on the connection factory) was set to a value of 1.
UOO relaxes these requirements significantly as it allows for multiple consumers and allows for a asynchronous consumer message backlog of any size. To migrate older applications to take advantage of UOO, simply configure a default UOO name on the physical destination. See "Configure connection factory unit-of-order parameters" in Oracle Fusion Middleware Oracle WebLogic Server Administration Console Help and "Ordered Redelivery of Messages" in Oracle Fusion Middleware Programming JMS for Oracle WebLogic Server.
One-way message sends can greatly improve the performance of applications that are bottle-necked by senders, but do so at the risk of introducing a lower QOS (quality-of-service). Typical message sends from a JMS producer are termed two-way sends because they include both an internal request and an internal response. When an producer application calls send(), the call generates a request that contains the application's message and then waits for a response from the JMS server to confirm its receipt of the message. This call-and-response mechanism regulates the producer, since the producer is forced to wait for the JMS server's response before the application can make another send call. Eliminating the response message eliminates this wait, and yields a one-way send. WebLogic Server supports a configurable one-way send option for non-persistent, non-transactional messaging; no application code changes are required to leverage this feature.
By enabling the One-Way Send Mode options, you allow message producers created by a user-defined connection factory to do one-way message sends, when possible. When active, the associated producers can send messages without internally waiting for a response from the target destination's host JMS server. You can choose to allow queue senders and topic publishers to do one-way sends, or to limit this capability to topic publishers only. You must also specify a One-Way Window Size to determine when a two-way message is required to regulate the producer before it can continue making additional one-way sends.
You configure one-way message send parameters on a connection factory by using the Administration Console, as described in "Configure connection factory flow control" in the Oracle Fusion Middleware Oracle WebLogic Server Administration Console Help. You can also use the WebLogic Scripting Tool (WLST) or JMX via the FlowControlParamsBean MBean.
Note:
One-way message sends are disabled if your connection factory is configured with "XA Enabled". This setting disables one-way sends whether or not the sender actually uses transactions.To ensure one-way send support in a cluster with a single destination, verify that the connection factory and the JMS server hosting the destination are targeted to the same WebLogic server. The connection factory must not be targeted to any other WebLogic Server instances in the cluster.
To ensure one-way send support in a cluster with multiple destinations that share the same name, special care is required to ensure the WebLogic Server instance that hosts the client connection also hosts the destination. One solution is the following:
Configure the cluster wide RMI load balancing algorithm to "Server Affinity".
Ensure that no two destinations are hosted on the same WebLogic Server instance.
Configure each destination to have the same local-jndi-name.
Configure a connection factory that is targeted to only those WebLogic Server instances that host the destinations.
Ensure sender clients use the JNDI names configured in Steps 3 and 4 to obtain their destination and connection factory from their JNDI context.
Ensure sender clients use URLs limited to only those WebLogic Server instances that host the destinations in Step 3.
This solution disables RMI-level load balancing for clustered RMI objects, which includes EJB homes and JMS connection factories. Effectively, the client will obtain a connection and destination based only on the network address used to establish the JNDI context. Load balancing can be achieved by leveraging network load balancing, which occurs for URLs that include a comma-separated list of WebLogic Server addresses, or for URLs that specify a DNS name that resolves to a round-robin set of IP addresses (as configured by a network administrator).
For more information on Server Affinity for clusters, see "Load Balancing for EJBs and RMI Objects" in Oracle Fusion Middleware Using Clusters for Oracle WebLogic Server.
This section defines when one-way sends are not supported. When one-ways are not supported, the send QOS is automatically upgraded to standard two-ways.
One-way sends are supported when the client producer's connection host and the JMS server hosting the target destination are the same WebLogic Server instance; otherwise, the one-way mode setting will ignored and standard two-way sends will be used instead.
One-way message sends are disabled if the client's host connection factory is configured with XA Enabled. This setting disables one-way sends whether or not the sender actually uses transactions.
When the following higher QOS features are detected, then the one-way mode setting will be ignored and standard two-way sends will be used instead:
XA
Transacted sessions
Persistent messaging
Unit-of-order
Unit-of-work
Distributed destinations
When the specified quota is exceeded on the targeted destination, then standard two-way sends will be used until the quota clears.
One-way messages that exceed quota are silently deleted, without immediately throwing exceptions back to the client. The client will eventually get a quota exception if the destination is still over quota at the time the next two-way send occurs. (Even in one-way mode, clients will send a two-way message every One Way Send Window Size number of messages configured on the client's connection factory.)
A workaround that helps avoid silently-deleted messages during quota conditions is to increase the value of the Blocking Send Timeout configured on the connection factory, as described in Compressing Messages. The one-way messages will not be deleted immediately, but instead will optimistically wait on the JMS server for the specified time until the quota condition clears (presumably due to messages getting consumed or by messages expiring). The client sender will not block until it sends a two-way message. For each client, no more than One Way Window Size messages will accumulate on the server waiting for quota conditions to clear.
A change in the server-side security policy could prevent one-way message sends without notifying the JMS client of the change in security status.
One-way sends can be disabled when a host JMS server or target destination is administratively undeployed, or when message production is paused on either the JMS server or the target destination using the "Production Pause/Resume" feature. See "Production Pause and Production Resume" in Oracle Fusion Middleware Configuring and Managing JMS for Oracle WebLogic Server.
One-way message sends work with distributed destinations provided the client looks up the physical distributed destination members directly rather than using the logical distributed destination's name. See "Using Distributed Destinations" in Oracle Fusion Middleware Programming JMS for Oracle WebLogic Server.
A hardware or network failure will disable one-way sends. In such cases, the JMS producer is notified by an OnException or by the next two-way message send. (Even in one-way mode, clients will send a two-way message every One Way Send Window Size number of messages configured on the client's connection factory.) The producer will be closed. The worst-case scenario is that all messages can be lost up to the last two-way message before the failure occurred.
Use the following QOS-related guidelines when using the one-way send mode for typical non-persistent messaging.
When used in conjunction with the Blocking Sends feature, then using one-way sends on a well-running system should achieve similar QOS as when using the two-way send mode.
One-way send mode for topic publishers falls within the QOS guidelines set by the JMS Specification, but does entail a lower QOS than two-way mode (the WebLogic Server default mode).
One-way send mode may not improve performance if JMS consumer applications are a system bottleneck, as described in "Asynchronous vs. Synchronous Consumers" in Oracle Fusion Middleware Programming JMS for Oracle WebLogic Server.
Consider enlarging the JVM's heap size on the client and/or server to account for increased batch size (the Window) of sends. The potential memory usage is proportioned to the size of the configured Window and the number of senders.
The sending application will not receive all quota exceptions. One-way messages that exceed quota are silently deleted, without throwing exceptions back to the sending client. See Destination Quota Exceeded for more information and a possible work around.
Configuring one-way sends on a connection factory effectively disables any message flow control parameters configured on the connection factory.
By default, the One-way Window Size is set to "1", which effectively disables one-way sends as every one-way message will be upgraded to a two-way send. (Even in one-way mode, clients will send a two-way message every One Way Send Window Size number of messages configured on the client's connection factory.) Therefore, you must set the one-way send window size much higher. It is recommended to try setting the window size to "300" and then adjust it according to your application requirements.
The client application will not immediately receive network or server failure exceptions, some messages may be sent but silently deleted until the failure is detected by WebLogic Server and the producer is automatically closed. See Hardware Failure for more information.
The Messaging Performance Preference tuning option on JMS destinations enables you to control how long a destination should wait (if at all) before creating full batches of available messages for delivery to consumers. At the minimum value, batching is disabled. Tuning above the default value increases the amount of time a destination is willing to wait before batching available messages. The maximum message count of a full batch is controlled by the JMS connection factory's Messages Maximum per Session setting.
Using the Administration Console, this advanced option is available on the General Configuration page for both standalone and uniform distributed destinations (or via the DestinationBean API), as well as for JMS templates (or via the TemplateBean API).
Specifically, JMS destinations include internal algorithms that attempt to automatically optimize performance by grouping messages into batches for delivery to consumers. In response to changes in message rate and other factors, these algorithms change batch sizes and delivery times. However, it isn't possible for the algorithms to optimize performance for every messaging environment. The Messaging Performance Preference tuning option enables you to modify how these algorithms react to changes in message rate and other factors so that you can fine-tune the performance of your system.
The Message Performance Preference option includes the following configuration parameters:
Table 13-4 Message Performance Preference Values
| Administration Console Value | MBean Value | Description |
|---|---|---|
|
Do Not Batch Messages |
0 |
Effectively disables message batching. Available messages are promptly delivered to consumers. This is equivalent to setting the value of the connection factory's Messages Maximum per Session field to "1". |
|
Batch Messages Without Waiting |
25 (default) |
Less-than-full batches are immediately delivered with available messages. This is equivalent to the value set on the connection factory's Messages Maximum per Session field. |
|
Low Waiting Threshold for Message Batching |
50 |
Wait briefly before less-than-full batches are delivered with available messages. ` |
|
Medium Waiting Threshold for Message Batching |
75 |
Possibly wait longer before less-than-full batches are delivered with available messages. |
|
High Waiting Threshold for Message Batching |
100 |
Possibly wait even longer before less-than-full batches are delivered with available messages. |
It may take some experimentation to find out which value works best for your system. For example, if you have a queue with many concurrent message consumers, by selecting the Administration Console's Do Not Batch Messages value (or specifying "0" on the DestinationBean MBean), the queue will make every effort to promptly push messages out to its consumers as soon as they are available. Conversely, if you have a queue with only one message consumer that doesn't require fast response times, by selecting the console's High Waiting Threshold for Message Batching value (or specifying "100" on the DestinationBean MBean), then the queue will strongly attempt to only push messages to that consumer in batches, which will increase the waiting period but may improve the server's overall throughput by reducing the number of sends.
For instructions on configuring Messaging Performance Preference parameters on a standalone destinations, uniform distributed destinations, or JMS templates using the Administration Console, see the following sections in the Administration Console Online Help:
"Uniform distributed topics - configure advanced parameters"
"Uniform distributed queues - configure advanced parameters"
For more information about these parameters, see DestinationBean and TemplateBean in the Oracle Fusion Middleware Oracle WebLogic Server MBean Reference.
The Message Performance Preference option is compatible with asynchronous consumers using the Asynchronous Message Pipeline, and is also compatible with synchronous consumers that use the Prefetch Mode for Synchronous Consumers feature, which simulates the Asynchronous Message Pipeline. However, if the value of the Maximum Messages value is set too low, it may negate the impact of the destination's higher-level performance algorithms (e.g., Low, Medium, and High Waiting Threshold for Message Batching). For more information on the Asynchronous Message Pipeline, see "Receiving Messages" in Oracle Fusion Middleware Programming JMS for Oracle WebLogic Server.
The following is a short list of performance related best practices to use when creating a JMS .NET client application:
Always register a connection exception listener using an IConnection if the application needs to take action when an idle connection fails.
Have multiple .NET client threads share a single context to ensure that they use a single socket.
Cache and reuse frequently accessed JMS resources, such as contexts, connections, sessions, producers, destinations, and connection factories. Creating and closing these resources consumes significant CPU and network bandwidth.
Use DNS aliases or comma separated addresses for load balancing JMS .NET clients across multiple JMS .NET client host servers in a cluster.
For more information on best practices and other programming considerations for JMS .NET client applications, see "Programming Considerations" in Use the WebLogic JMS Client for Microsoft .NET.