Skip Headers

Oracle® Database SQL Reference
10g Release 1 (10.1)

Part Number B10759-01
Go to Documentation Home
Home
Go to Book List
Book List
Go to Table of Contents
Contents
Go to Index
Index
Go to Master Index
Master Index
Go to Feedback page
Feedback

Go to previous page
Previous
Go to next page
Next
View PDF

CREATE TABLESPACE

Purpose

Use the CREATE TABLESPACE statement to create a tablespace, which is an allocation of space in the database that can contain schema objects.

When you create a tablespace, it is initially a read/write tablespace. You can subsequently use the ALTER TABLESPACE statement to take the tablespace offline or online, add datafiles or tempfiles to it, or make it a read-only tablespace.

You can also drop a tablespace from the database with the DROP TABLESPACE statement.


See Also:


Additional Topics

Prerequisites

You must have the CREATE TABLESPACE system privilege. To create the SYSAUX tablespace, you must have the SYSDBA system privilege.

Before you can create a tablespace, you must create a database to contain it, and the database must be open.


See Also:

CREATE DATABASE

To use objects in a tablespace other than the SYSTEM tablespace:


Note:

Oracle strongly recommends that you run your database in automatic undo management mode. For more information, please refer to Oracle Database Administrator's Guide.

Syntax


create_tablespace::=
Description of create_tablespace.gif follows
Description of the illustration create_tablespace.gif

(permanent_tablespace_clause, temporary_tablespace_clause , undo_tablespace_clause )


permanent_tablespace_clause::=
Description of permanent_tablespace_clause.gif follows
Description of the illustration permanent_tablespace_clause.gif

(file_specification::=, logging_clause::=, table_compression::=, storage_clause::=, extent_management_clause ::=, segment_management_clause ::=, flashback_mode_clause ::=)


See Also:

"PERMANENT | TEMPORARY Clauses" for information on these keywords, which were part of the preceding syntax in earlier releases


logging_clause::=
Description of logging_clause.gif follows
Description of the illustration logging_clause.gif


table_compression::=
Description of table_compression.gif follows
Description of the illustration table_compression.gif

(storage_clause::=)


extent_management_clause ::=
Description of extent_management_clause.gif follows
Description of the illustration extent_management_clause.gif


size_clause::=
Description of size_clause.gif follows
Description of the illustration size_clause.gif


segment_management_clause ::=
Description of segment_management_clause.gif follows
Description of the illustration segment_management_clause.gif


flashback_mode_clause ::=
Description of flashback_mode_clause.gif follows
Description of the illustration flashback_mode_clause.gif


temporary_tablespace_clause::=
Description of temporary_tablespace_clause.gif follows
Description of the illustration temporary_tablespace_clause.gif

(file_specification::=, tablespace_group_clause, extent_management_clause ::=)


tablespace_group_clause::=
Description of tablespace_group_clause.gif follows
Description of the illustration tablespace_group_clause.gif


undo_tablespace_clause::=
Description of undo_tablespace_clause.gif follows
Description of the illustration undo_tablespace_clause.gif

(file_specification::=, extent_management_clause ::=, tablespace_retention_clause ::=)


tablespace_retention_clause ::=
Description of tablespace_retention_clause.gif follows
Description of the illustration tablespace_retention_clause.gif

Semantics


BIGFILE | SMALLFILE

Use this clause to determine whether the tablespace is a bigfile or smallfile tablespace. This clause overrides any default tablespace type setting for the database.

If you omit this clause, then Oracle Database uses the current default tablespace type of permanent or temporary tablespace set for the database. If you specify BIGFILE for a permanent tablespace, then the database by default creates a locally managed tablespace with automatic segment-space management.

Restrictions on Bigfile Tablespaces
  • You can specify only one datafile in the DATAFILE clause or one tempfile in the TEMPFILE clause.

  • You cannot specify EXTENT MANAGEMENT DICTIONARY.


See Also:



permanent_tablespace_clause

Use the following clauses to create a permanent tablespace. (Some of these clauses are also used to create a temporary or undo tablespace.)


tablespace

Specify the name of the tablespace to be created.


Note on the SYSAUX Tablespace

SYSAUX is a required auxiliary system tablespace. You must use the CREATE TABLESPACE statement to create the SYSAUX tablespace if you are upgrading from a release prior to Oracle Database 10g. You must have the SYSDBA system privilege to specify this clause, and you must have opened the database in MIGRATE mode.

You must specify EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL and SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO for the SYSAUX tablespace. The DATAFILE clause is optional only if you have enabled Oracle-managed files. See "DATAFILE | TEMPFILE Clause " for the behavior of the DATAFILE clause.

Take care to allocate sufficient space for the SYSAUX tablespace. For guidelines on creating this tablespace, please refer to Oracle Database Upgrade Guide.


Restrictions on the SYSAUX Tablespace

You cannot specify OFFLINE or TEMPORARY for the SYSAUX tablespace.


DATAFILE | TEMPFILE Clause

Specify the datafiles to make up the permanent tablespace or the tempfiles to make up the temporary tablespace. Use the datafile_tempfile_spec form of file_specification to create regular datafiles and tempfiles in an operating system file system or to create Automatic Storage Management disk group files.

You must specify the DATAFILE or TEMPFILE clause unless you have enabled Oracle-managed files by setting a value for the DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST initialization parameter. For Automatic Storage Management diskgroup files, the parameter must be set to a multiple file creation form of Automatic Storage Management filenames. If this parameter is set, then the database creates a system-named 100 MB file in the default file destination specified in the parameter. The file has AUTOEXTEND enabled and an unlimited maximum size.


Note:

Media recovery does not recognize tempfiles.


See Also:


Notes on Specifying Datafiles and Tempfiles
  • For operating systems that support raw devices, the REUSE keyword of datafile_tempfile_spec has no meaning when specifying a raw device as a datafile. Such a CREATE TABLESPACE statement will succeed whether or not you specify REUSE.

  • You can create a tablespace within an Automatic Storage Management disk group by providing only the disk group name in the datafile_tempfile_spec. In this case, Automatic Storage Management creates a datafile in the specified disk group with a system-generated filename. The datafile is auto-extensible with an unlimited maximum size and a default size of 100 MB. You can use the autoextend_clause to override the default size.

  • If you use one of the reference forms of the ASM_filename, which refers to an existing file, then you must also specify REUSE.


Note:

On some operating systems, Oracle does not allocate space for a tempfile until the tempfile blocks are actually accessed. This delay in space allocation results in faster creation and resizing of tempfiles, but it requires that sufficient disk space is available when the tempfiles are later used. To avoid potential problems, before you create or resize a tempfile, ensure that the available disk space exceeds the size of the new tempfile or the increased size of a resized tempfile. The excess space should allow for anticipated increases in disk space use by unrelated operations as well. Then proceed with the creation or resizing operation.


See Also:



MINIMUM EXTENT Clause

This clause is valid only for a dictionary-managed tablespace.Specify the minimum size of an extent in the tablespace. This clause lets you control free space fragmentation in the tablespace by ensuring that the size of every used or free extent in a tablespace is at least as large as, and is a multiple of, integer.


See Also:

Oracle Database Concepts for more information about using MINIMUM EXTENT to control fragmentation


BLOCKSIZE Clause

Use the BLOCKSIZE clause to specify a nonstandard block size for the tablespace. In order to specify this clause, the DB_CACHE_SIZE and at least one DB_nK_CACHE_SIZE parameter must be set, and the integer you specify in this clause must correspond with the setting of one DB_nK_CACHE_SIZE parameter setting.


Restriction on BLOCKSIZE

You cannot specify nonstandard block sizes for a temporary tablespace or if you intend to assign this tablespace as the temporary tablespace for any users.


See Also:

Oracle Database Reference for information on the DB_nK_CACHE_SIZE parameter and Oracle Database Administrator's Guide for information on allowing multiple block sizes in the buffer cache and for restrictions on using multiple block sizes in partitioned objects


logging_clause

Specify the default logging attributes of all tables, indexes, materialized views, materialized view logs, and partitions within the tablespace. LOGGING is the default. This clause is not valid for a temporary or undo tablespace.

The tablespace-level logging attribute can be overridden by logging specifications at the table, index, materialized view, materialized view log, and partition levels.


See Also:

logging_clause for a full description of this clause


FORCE LOGGING

Use this clause to put the tablespace into FORCE LOGGING mode. Oracle Database will log all changes to all objects in the tablespace except changes to temporary segments, overriding any NOLOGGING setting for individual objects. The database must be open and in READ WRITE mode.

This setting does not exclude the NOLOGGING attribute. That is, you can specify both FORCE LOGGING and NOLOGGING. In this case, NOLOGGING is the default logging mode for objects subsequently created in the tablespace, but the database ignores this default as long as the tablespace or the database is in FORCE LOGGING mode. If you subsequently take the tablespace out of FORCE LOGGING mode, then the NOLOGGING default is once again enforced.


Note:

FORCE LOGGING mode can have performance effects. Please refer to Oracle Database Administrator's Guide for information on when to use this setting.


Restriction on Forced Logging

You cannot specify FORCE LOGGING for an undo or temporary tablespace.


DEFAULT storage_clause

This clause is valid only for a dictionary-managed tablespace. Oracle strongly recommends that you create tablespaces that are locally managed rather than dictionary managed.

This clause lets you specify default storage parameters for all objects created in the tablespace and default compression of data for all tables created in the tablespace. This clause is not valid for a temporary tablespace.


See Also:



ONLINE | OFFLINE Clauses

Use these clauses to determine whether the tablespace is online or offline. This clause is not valid for a temporary tablespace.


ONLINE

Specify ONLINE to make the tablespace available immediately after creation to users who have been granted access to the tablespace. This is the default.


OFFLINE

Specify OFFLINE to make the tablespace unavailable immediately after creation.

The data dictionary view DBA_TABLESPACES indicates whether each tablespace is online or offline.


PERMANENT | TEMPORARY Clauses

In earlier releases, you could specify the TEMPORARY keyword after specifying the tablespace name to create a temporary tablespace. (The PERMANENT keyword was available for syntactic consistency.) This syntax has been deprecated. It is still supported in case you are using dictionary-managed tablespaces, which are not supported by the CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE syntax. If you do use this syntax, you cannot specify the EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL clause or the BLOCKSIZE clause.

Oracle strongly recommends that you create locally managed temporary tablespaces containing tempfiles by using the temporary_tablespace_clause. The creation of new dictionary-managed tablespaces is scheduled for desupport.


extent_management_clause

The extent_management_clause lets you specify how the extents of the tablespace will be managed.


Note:

Once you have specified extent management with this clause, you can change extent management only by migrating the tablespace.


Restriction on Dictionary-managed Tablespaces

You cannot specify DICTIONARY if the SYSTEM tablespace of the database is locally managed or if you have specified the temporary_tablespace_clause.


Note:

Oracle strongly recommends that you create only locally managed tablespaces. Locally managed tablespaces are much more efficiently managed than dictionary-managed tablespaces. The creation of new dictionary-managed tablespaces is scheduled for desupport.

If you do not specify the extent_management_clause, then Oracle Database interprets the MINIMUM EXTENT clause and the DEFAULT storage_clause to determine extent management.

Restrictions on Extent Management
  • A permanent locally managed tablespace can contain only permanent objects. If you need a locally managed tablespace to store temporary objects, for example, if you will assign it as a user's temporary tablespace, then use the temporary_tablespace_clause.

  • If you specify LOCAL, then you cannot specify DEFAULT storage_clause, MINIMUM EXTENT, or the temporary_tablespace_clause.


See Also:

Oracle Database Upgrade Guide for information on changing extent management by migrating tablespaces and "Creating a Locally Managed Tablespace: Example"


segment_management_clause

The segment_management_clause is relevant only for permanent, locally managed tablespaces. It lets you specify whether Oracle Database should track the used and free space in the segments in the tablespace using free lists or bitmaps. This clause is not valid for a temporary tablespace.


AUTO

Specify AUTO if you want the database to manage the free space of segments in the tablespace using a bitmap. If you specify AUTO, then the database ignores any specification for PCTUSED, FREELIST, and FREELIST GROUPS in subsequent storage specifications for objects in this tablespace. This setting is called automatic segment-space management. Oracle strongly recommends that you create tablespaces with automatic segment-space management.


MANUAL

Specify MANUAL if you want the database to manage the free space of segments in the tablespace using free lists.

To determine the segment management of an existing tablespace, query the SEGMENT_SPACE_MANAGEMENT column of the DBA_TABLESPACES or USER_TABLESPACES data dictionary view.


Notes:

If you specify AUTO segment management, then:
  • If you set extent management to LOCAL UNIFORM, then you must ensure that each extent contains at least 5 database blocks.

  • If you set extent management to LOCAL AUTOALLOCATE, and if the database block size is 16K or greater, then Oracle manages segment space by creating extents with a minimum size of 5 blocks rounded up to 64K.


Restrictions on Automatic Segment-space Management
  • You can specify this clause only for a permanent, locally managed tablespace.

  • You cannot specify this clause for the SYSTEM tablespace.


See Also:



flashback_mode_clause

Use this clause in conjunction with the ALTER DATABASE FLASHBACK clause to specify whether the tablespace can participate in FLASHBACK DATABASE operations. This clause is useful if you have the database in FLASHBACK mode but you do not want Oracle Database to maintain Flashback log data for this tablespace.

This clause is not valid for temporary or undo tablespaces.


FLASHBACK ON

Specify FLASHBACK ON to put the tablespace in FLASHBACK mode. Oracle Database will save Flashback log data for this tablespace and the tablespace can participate in a FLASHBACK DATABASE operation. If you omit the flashback_mode_clause, then FLASHBACK ON is the default.


FLASHBACK OFF

Specify FLASHBACK OFF to take the tablespace out of FLASHBACK mode. Oracle Database will not save any Flashback log data for this tablespace. You must take the datafiles in this tablespace offline or drop them prior to any subsequent FLASHBACK DATABASE operation. Alternatively, you can take the entire tablespace offline. In either case, the database does not drop existing Flashback logs.


Note:

The FLASHBACK mode of a tablespace is independent of the FLASHBACK mode of an individual table.


See Also:



temporary_tablespace_clause

Use this clause to create a locally managed temporary tablespace, which is an allocation of space in the database that can contain transient data that persists only for the duration of a session. This transient data cannot be recovered after process or instance failure.

The transient data can be user-generated schema objects such as temporary tables or system-generated data such as temp space used by hash joins and sort operations. When a temporary tablespace, or a tablespace group of which this tablespace is a member, is assigned to a particular user, then Oracle Database uses the tablespace for sorting operations in transactions initiated by that user.

The TEMPFILE clause is described in "DATAFILE | TEMPFILE Clause ". The extent_management_clause is described in extent_management_clause .


See Also:

Oracle Database Security Guide for information on assigning temporary tablespaces to users


tablespace_group_clause

This clause is relevant only for temporary tablespaces. Use this clause to determine whether tablespace is a member of a tablespace group. A tablespace group lets you assign multiple temporary tablespaces to a single user and increases the addressability of temporary tablespaces.


See Also:



Restrictions on Temporary Tablespaces

The data stored in temporary tablespaces persists only for the duration of a session. Therefore, only a subset of the CREATE TABLESPACE clauses are relevant for temporary tablespaces. The only clauses you can specify for a temporary tablespace are the TEMPFILE clause, the tablespace_group_clause, and the extent_management_clause.


undo_tablespace_clause

Specify UNDO to create an undo tablespace. When you run the database in automatic undo management mode, Oracle Database manages undo space using the undo tablespace instead of rollback segments. This clause is useful if you are now running in automatic undo management mode but your database was not created in automatic undo management mode.

Oracle Database always assigns an undo tablespace when you start up the database in automatic undo management mode. If no undo tablespace has been assigned to this instance, then the database uses the SYSTEM rollback segment. You can avoid this by creating an undo tablespace, which the database will implicitly assign to the instance if no other undo tablespace is currently assigned.

The DATAFILE clause is described in "DATAFILE | TEMPFILE Clause ". The extent_management_clause is described in extent_management_clause .


tablespace_retention_clause

This clause is valid only for undo tablespaces.

Restrictions on Undo Tablespaces
  • You cannot create database objects in this tablespace. It is reserved for system-managed undo data.

  • The only clauses you can specify for an undo tablespace are the DATAFILE clause and the extent_management_clause to specify local extent management. You cannot specify dictionary extent management using the extent_management_clause. All undo tablespaces are created permanent, read/write, and in logging mode. Values for MINIMUM EXTENT and DEFAULT STORAGE are system generated.


See Also:


Examples

These examples assume that your database is using 8K blocks.


Creating a Bigfile Tablespace: Example

The following example creates a bigfile tablespace bigtbs_01 with a datafile bigtbs_f1.dat of 10 MB:

CREATE BIGFILE TABLESPACE bigtbs_01
  DATAFILE 'bigtbs_f1.dat'
  SIZE 20M AUTOEXTEND ON;

Creating an Undo Tablespace: Example

The following example creates a 10 MB undo tablespace undots1:

CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE undots1
   DATAFILE 'undotbs_1a.f'
   SIZE 10M AUTOEXTEND ON
   RETENTION GUARANTEE;

Creating a Temporary Tablespace: Example

This statement shows how the temporary tablespace that serves as the default temporary tablespace for database users in the sample database was created:

CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp_demo
   TEMPFILE 'temp01.dbf' SIZE 5M AUTOEXTEND ON;

If we assume that the default database block size is 2K, and that each bit in the map represents one extent, then each bit maps 2,500 blocks.

The following example sets the default location for datafile creation and then creates a tablespace with an Oracle-managed tempfile in the default location. The tempfile is 100 M and is autoextensible with unlimited maximum size. These are the default values for Oracle-managed files:

ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST = '$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/dbs';

CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tbs_05;

Adding a Temporary Tablespace to a Tablespace Group: Example

The following statement creates the tbs_temp_01 temporary tablespace as a member of the tbs_grp_01 tablespace group. If the tablespace group does not already exist, then Oracle Database creates it during execution of this statement:

CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tbs_temp_01
  TEMPFILE 'temp02.dbf' SIZE 5M AUTOEXTEND ON
  TABLESPACE GROUP tbs_grp_01;

Creating Basic Tablespaces: Examples

This statement creates a tablespace named tbs_01 with one datafile:

CREATE TABLESPACE tbs_01 
   DATAFILE 'tbs_f2.dat' SIZE 40M 
   ONLINE; 

This statement creates tablespace tbs_03 with one datafile and allocates every extent as a multiple of 500K:

CREATE TABLESPACE tbs_03 
   DATAFILE 'tbs_f03.dbf' SIZE 20M
   LOGGING;

Enabling Autoextend for a Tablespace: Example

This statement creates a tablespace named tbs_02 with one datafile. When more space is required, 500 kilobyte extents will be added up to a maximum size of 100 megabytes:

CREATE TABLESPACE tbs_02 
   DATAFILE 'diskb:tbs_f5.dat' SIZE 500K REUSE
   AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 500K MAXSIZE 100M;

Creating a Locally Managed Tablespace: Example

In the following statement, we assume that the database block size is 2K.

CREATE TABLESPACE tbs_04 DATAFILE 'file_1.f' SIZE 10M
   EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM SIZE 128K;

This statement creates a locally managed tablespace in which every extent is 128K and each bit in the bit map describes 64 blocks.


Specifying Segment Space Management for a Tablespace: Example

The following example creates a tablespace with automatic segment-space management:

CREATE TABLESPACE auto_seg_ts DATAFILE 'file_2.f' SIZE 1M
   EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
   SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO;

Creating Oracle-managed Files: Examples

The following example sets the default location for datafile creation and creates a tablespace with a datafile in the default location. The datafile is 100M and is autoextensible with an unlimited maximum size:

ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST = '$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/dbs';

CREATE TABLESPACE omf_ts1;

The following example creates a tablespace with an Oracle-managed datafile of 100M that is not autoextensible:

CREATE TABLESPACE omf_ts2 DATAFILE AUTOEXTEND OFF;